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Hou Y, Chen K, Liao R, Li Y, Yang H, Gong J. LINC01419-mediated epigenetic silencing of ZIC1 promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 101:570-587. [PMID: 33772101 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly growing tumor characterized by a high potential for vascular invasion and metastasis. The purpose of our study is to explore the regulation mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01419 on cell-cycle distribution and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC1) through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze LINC01419 and related genes in HCC, and their expression in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Then, HCC cell lines were subjected to the construction of LINC01419/ZIC1 overexpression/knockdown cells utilizing lentiviral vectors. RIP and ChIP assays were applied to identify the LINC01419-binding protein. BSP and MSP assays were used to determine gene methylation. According to the results, LINC01419 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells, while ZIC1 was poorly expressed. LINC01419 targeted and downregulated ZIC1 expression. Furthermore, LINC01419 increased the methylation of ZIC1 promoter and repressed ZIC1 expression. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by LINC01419 overexpression and ZIC1 knockdown, under which conditions, the HCC cell self-renewal and proliferation were promoted while cell apoptosis was attenuated, accompanied by accelerated formation and metastasis of xenografted tumors in mice. In conclusion, LINC01419 enhances the methylation of ZIC1 promoter, inhibits ZIC1 expression, and activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells in vitro as well as tumor formation and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Hou
- Organ Transplant Center and Third Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Organ Transplant Center and Third Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Youzan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Organ Transplant Center and Third Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Jun Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
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Gu X, Guo XK, Chen BH, Gao XJ, Chen F, Liu Q. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of ZIC1 in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6621-6627. [PMID: 31788119 PMCID: PMC6865731 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the differences in zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) expression between cervical cancer tissue, precancer tissue and normal cervical tissue to determine its clinicopathological and prognostic value in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of ZIC1 in 569 fresh-frozen biopsy tissues, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect ZIC1 protein expression in 80 CSCC tissues and 320 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III samples. The association of ZIC1 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of CSCC was then analyzed using Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the prognostic value. The level of ZIC1 mRNA expression in CSCC was significantly lower compared with normal cervical tissues and CIN I–III tissues (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between ZIC1 immunoreactivity score (IRS) in CSCC tissue and adjacent noncancerous tissue (R=−0.279; P=0.012); the mean IRS of ZIC1 in CSCC tissue was 5.36±3.48, which was significantly lower compared with the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues (11.31±5.68; P<0.001) and CIN III samples (10.42±1.54; P<0.001). In addition, expression of ZIC1 was negatively associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P=0.027) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). In Cox regression analysis, ZIC1 expression [hazard ratio (HR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–0.92; P=0.018), FIGO staging (HR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.35–5.37; P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.62–3.86; P<0.001) were three independent prognostic factors of overall survival. Furthermore, ZIC1 expression was also associated with disease-free survival (P=0.003). These results suggest that ZIC1 expression in CSCC may be lower than in normal cervical tissues or CIN tissues, and high expression of ZIC1 may be negatively associated with FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, ZIC1 may be a promising biomarker for the prognosis of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ke Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Hui Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Gao
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
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Stavropoulos A, Varras M, Vasilakaki T, Varra VK, Tsavari A, Varra FN, Nonni A, Kavantzas N, Lazaris AC. Expression of p53 and PTEN in human primary endometrial carcinomas: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis and study of their concomitant expression. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4575-4589. [PMID: 30944646 PMCID: PMC6444490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is a common malignancy of the female genital tract. Alterations in the expression levels of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes serve important roles in the carcinogenesis and biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combination and individual expression of p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein in human endometrial carcinoma. In addition, the correlation of these proteins with clinicopathological parameters was also assessed. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of p53 and PTEN tumor suppressor proteins was conducted in 99 women with endometrial carcinoma. The overall rate of p53 and PTEN positivity was 89 and 77%, respectively, according to the sum of stain intensity and scores of immunopositive cells. The sum of p53 positivity correlated strongly with PTEN expression (ρ=0.256; P=0.044). The concomitant sum of p53 and PTEN expression was identified in 45% of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Notably, the sum of the immunohistochemical expression of p53 was significantly correlated with patient age (P=0.037), histologic type (P=0.008), histologic grade (P=0.002) and fallopian and/or ovarian invasion (P=0.014). Furthermore, PTEN expression was associated with myometrial invasion (ρ=−0.377; P=0.002) and clinical stage (P=0.019). In addition, concomitant p53 and PTEN expression was correlated with patient age (P=0.008) and histologic differentiation (P=0.028). The findings indicated a correlation between the expression of p53 and PTEN in endometrial adenocarcinoma, which suggested an intrinsic association between expression levels of these tumor suppressor genes. The study also suggested that concomitant p53 and PTEN expression contributed in characterizing the tumor behavior of endometrial carcinoma. Taken together, the present study suggested the combined expression of p53 and PTEN in the development of high-grade endometrial carcinoma in older patients. In addition, the findings indicated activation of different molecular pathways in the tumor progression between low-grade and high-grade endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelis Stavropoulos
- Fourth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fifth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Pathology Department, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | | | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Pharmacy Department, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Republic of Cyprus, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Nonni
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
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Han W, Zhang C, Gao XJ, Wang HB, Chen F, Cao F, Hu YW, Ma J, Gu X, Ding HZ. Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of the Zinc Finger of the Cerebellum Family in Invasive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:51-61. [PMID: 29628984 PMCID: PMC5880966 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Five members of the zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) family-ZIC1, ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC4, and ZIC5-have been shown to be involved in various carcinomas. Here, we aimed to explore the clinicopathologic and prognostic roles of ZIC family members in invasive breast cancer patients using immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Methods A total of 241 female invasive breast cancer patients who underwent radical mastectomy between 2009 and 2011 were enrolled. ZIC proteins in 241 pairs of breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry and the clinicopathologic roles of proteins were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were also used to analyze the prognostic value of the ZIC proteins. In addition, 12 pairs of fresh-frozen breast tumors and matched normal tissues were used in the western blotting analysis and RT-qPCR. Results Only ZIC1 expression in normal tissues was obviously higher than that in tumors (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, ZIC1 expression (in overall survival analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.405, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.233-0.702, p=0.001; in disease-free survival analysis: HR, 0.395, 95% CI, 0.234-0.669, p=0.001) was identified as a prognostic indicator of invasive breast cancer. Conclusion ZIC1, but not the other proteins, was obviously decreased in breast tumors and associated with clinicopathologic factors. Thus, ZIC1 might be a novel indicator to predict the overall and disease-free survival of invasive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Gao
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Luan First People's Hospital, Luan, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yong-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Hou-Zhong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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