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Elfarraj H, Lizzi F, Bitter K, Zaslansky P. Effects of endodontic root canal irrigants on tooth dentin revealed by infrared spectroscopy: a systematic literature review. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1138-1163. [PMID: 38825554 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root canal irrigation endodontic solutions have effects on the chemistry of dentin. Infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical characterization method where the strength of absorption often correlates with mineral or organic composition. OBJECTIVES To survey effects of commonly used irrigation solutions on the composition of root dentin as detected by widely-available Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1983 to 2023. After risk of bias assessments (OHAT), studies were grouped according to effects per irrigation solution. Inclusion criteria comprised in vitro studies that used extracted human or bovine teeth, treated by irrigation solutions characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and presenting spectral data. Publications that did not present spectra were excluded. RESULTS A wide range of concentrations, durations, and treatment protocols have been tested but only 30 out of 3452 studies met our inclusion criteria. Different FTIR methods were used with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) variant being the most common (21 studies). Investigated solutions included sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1-1-diphosphonic-acid (HEDP), peracetic-acid (PAA), glycolic-acid (GA), and citric-acid (CA) though most focused on NaOCl and EDTA. All solutions had detectable effects in the FTIR signature of dentin. NaOCl mainly affects the organics, revealing reduced amide/phosphate ratios with increasing concentrations. EDTA mainly effects the inorganic component, with the effects increasing with time and concentration, yet glycolic acid has stronger effects than EDTA on dentin. Beyond the type of irrigant and dentin exposure durations, concentration and protocol of application had strong effects. There is a lack of studies comparing similar irrigants under conditions that mimic clinical scenarios analyzing bulk sample because FTIR of powder dentin differs from FTIR of bulk dentin. SIGNIFICANCE The ideal root-canal irrigant should combine local disinfection properties with minimal compositional effects on healthy dentin. FTIR methods appear reliable to identify important changes in root dentin chemical composition. Such information can help understand when endodontic irrigation might lead to root degradation or possibly contribute to long term failures such as vertical fractures. Awareness of chemical damage from irrigation procedures may help clinicians select procedures that reduce deleterious effects on the root canal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Elfarraj
- Department for Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franco Lizzi
- Department for Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bitter
- University Outpatient Clinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
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Marques JA, Falacho RI, Santos JM, Ramos JC, Palma PJ. Effects of endodontic irrigation solutions on structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of coronal dentin: A scoping review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:606-619. [PMID: 37698359 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to assess structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of coronal dentin after endodontic irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reporting followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Records filtered by language and published up to November 4, 2022 were independently screened by two researchers. Studies evaluating structural, chemical, or mechanical properties of human permanent coronal dentin after irrigation within the scope of nonsurgical root canal treatment were included. Data were extracted regarding study type, sample description and size, experimental groups, outcome, evaluation method, and main findings. RESULTS From the initial 1916 studies, and by adding 2 cross-references, 11 in vitro studies were included. Seven studies provide ultrastructural and/or chemical characterization, and six assessed microhardness and/or flexural strength. One percent to 8% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 1%-17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were the most commonly tested solutions, with contact times of 2-240 min (NaOCl) and 1-1440 min (EDTA) being evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the literature is consensual regarding the inevitable impact of NaOCl and chelating agents on coronal dentin, with both deproteinizing and decalcifying effects being concentration- and time-dependent. The alteration of mechanical parameters further confirmed the surface and subsurface ultrastructural and chemical changes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Endodontic treatment success highly depends on restorative sealing. Understanding the result of exposing coronal dentin, the main substrate for bonding, to irrigants' action is crucial. The deproteinizing and decalcifying effects of NaOCl and chelating agents are both concentration- and time-dependent, causing surface and subsurface ultrastructural, chemical, and mechanical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana A Marques
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui I Falacho
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Santos
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Ramos
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Palma
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Orlowski NB, Schimdt TF, Teixeira CDS, Garcia LDFR, Savaris JM, Tay FR, Bortoluzzi EA. Smear Layer Removal Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite. J Endod 2020; 46:1738-1744. [PMID: 32721483 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study evaluated the effect of passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) of EDTA solution followed by conventional irrigation with 2 concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on smear layer removal. METHODS Fifty single-root mandibular premolars were chemomechanically prepared with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) nickel-titanium rotary instruments and 1% NaOCl. The roots were cleaved, and the dentin surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy operated at a low vacuum. Images were obtained from previously demarcated areas in each root canal third. The teeth were reassembled and distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation protocols (n = 10): group 1, EDTA/PUI + 1% NaOCl; group 2, EDTA/PUI + 5% NaOCl; group 3, EDTA/CI + 1% NaOCl; group 4, EDTA/CI + 5% NaOCl; and group 5 (negative control), saline solution/PUI. After irrigation, the teeth were reseparated and prepared for conventional high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy of the same dentin surface that was previously analyzed. The amount of debris was classified using a 4-point scoring system. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at α = 0.05. RESULTS Groups 1 and 2, which used PUI and different concentrations of NaOCl, were not significantly different; however, they differed significantly from group 3 (P < .05). With respect to canal cleanliness at different root thirds, all groups showed the worst cleaning at the apical third. CONCLUSIONS PUI activation of the EDTA irrigant is required when canal debridement is performed with EDTA and a lower concentration of NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Bittencourt Orlowski
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tamer Ferreira Schimdt
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Menezes Savaris
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Dotto L, Sarkis Onofre R, Bacchi A, Rocha Pereira GK. Effect of Root Canal Irrigants on the Mechanical Properties of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scoping Review. J Endod 2020; 46:596-604.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Barón M, Morales V, Fuentes MV, Linares M, Escribano N, Ceballos L. The influence of irrigation solutions in the inorganic and organic radicular dentine composition. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:217-225. [PMID: 31984636 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse changes in radicular dentine composition after different irrigation regimes using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Dentine slices from human single-root teeth were immersed in: (i) 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1, 5 and 20 min; (ii) 17% EDTA for 1 min; and (iii) 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min, and 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl, both for 1 min. Carbonate/mineral, Amide I/mineral and Amide III/CH2 ratios were determined using ATR-FTIR before and after immersion in the irrigation solutions tested. Results showed that 5.25% NaOCl significantly decreased carbonate/mineral, Amide I/mineral and Amide III/CH2 ratios (P < 0.05). Application of 17% EDTA produced no change in carbonate/mineral ratio (P = 0.120), while an increase in Amide I/mineral in apical third (P = 0.002) and Amide III/CH2 (P < 0.001) was observed. The combination of NaOCl, EDTA and NaOCl increased carbonate/mineral ratio in coronal third (P = 0.037), and Amide I/mineral (P = 0.003) and Amide III/CH2 (P = 0.001) ratios. In conclusion, irrigation solutions tested significantly affected radicular dentine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Morales
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Victoria Fuentes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Escribano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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Pedersen ND, Uzunoglu-Özyürek E, Dogan Buzoglu H. Influence of different irrigation protocols on microhardness and flexural strength values of young and aged crown dentin. Gerodontology 2019; 37:53-58. [PMID: 31746036 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different irrigation protocols on microhardness (MH) and flexural strength (FS) values of young and aged crown dentin. BACKGROUND In addition to ageing, root canal irrigation might also affect the mechanical properties of coronal dentin walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty dentin bars (2 mm × 2 mm × 8 mm) were obtained from the crowns of extracted, non-caries, human molars of young and older patients (n = 60 bars; average patient ages: 16.7 and 65.4, respectively). Subgroups were formed as follows: 2.5%NaOCl(sodium hypochlorite)+5%EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 2.5%NaOCl + 15%EDTA, 2.5%NaOCl, 5%EDTA, 15%EDTA and Saline. NaOCl and saline were used for 20 minutes and EDTA solutions for 1 minute. MH values of each sample were measured before and after the irrigation protocols. The same samples were also submitted for FS analysis. The data were statistically analysed. RESULTS Young samples had lower MH values at pre- and post-treatment compared to aged samples (P < .05). A significant decrease was observed in MH values of aged samples exposed to 2.5%NaOCl and both NaOCl + EDTA combinations (P < .05). FS values of the young saline-treated group were statistically higher than aged ones (P < .05). Both NaOCl + EDTA combinations caused a significant decrease in FS values of young samples compared to saline (P < .05). CONCLUSION Ageing has a significant effect on the MH and FS values of crown dentin samples. 5% EDTA solutions revealed similar results to 15%EDTA regarding MH and FS values of crown dentin in both age groups. The NaOCl + EDTA combination had a prominent effect than EDTA alone, on MH values of young-, and FS values of aged dentin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurab Deniz Pedersen
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoglu-Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dogan Buzoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Nima G, Cavalli V, Bacelar‐Sá R, Ambrosano GMB, Giannini M. Effects of sodium hypochlorite as dentin deproteinizing agent and aging media on bond strength of two conventional adhesives. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:186-195. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nima
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renata Bacelar‐Sá
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gláucia M. B. Ambrosano
- Department of Social DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Ruben JL, Roeters FJM, Truin GJ, Loomans BAC, Huysmans MCDNJM. Cup-Shaped Tooth Wear Defects: More than Erosive Challenges? Caries Res 2019; 53:467-474. [PMID: 30840963 DOI: 10.1159/000496983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The underlying mechanism of the development of cups and grooves on occlusal tooth surfaces is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to in vitro cup formation, in order to elucidate the clinical process. METHODS A total of 48 extracted human molar teeth were exposed to acidic aqueous solutions at pH of 4.8 and 5.5 in constant motion, in combination with different loading conditions: no load (0N group, control), 30 N (30N group) or 50 N (50N group) (n = 8 per group). Before and after 3 months of exposure (1,422,000 loading cycles), the samples were scanned using a non-contact profilometer. Pre- and post-exposure scans were subtracted and height loss and volume tissue loss were calculated. Representative samples with wear and cupping lesions were imaged using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Average height and volume tissue loss at pH 5.5 was 54 µm and 3.4 mm3 (0N), 52 µm and 3.4 mm3 (30N) and 58 µm and 3.7 mm3 (50N), respectively, with no statistically significant differences. Average height and volume loss at pH 4.8 were 135 µm and 8.7 mm3 (0N), 172 µm and 12.6 mm3 (30N) and 266 µm and 17.8 mm3 (50N), respectively, with a statistically significant difference between 0N and 50N (p < 0.002). Cup-shaped lesions had formed only at pH of 4.8, in the 30N and 50N groups. CONCLUSION The study showed that a cup can arise fully in enamel and that mechanical loading in addition to erosive challenges are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Ruben
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | - F Joost M Roeters
- Department of Dental Materials, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Truin
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas A C Loomans
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Impact of Dentinal Tubule Orientation on Dentin Bond Strength. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:721-726. [PMID: 30128884 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of dentinal tubule orientation on dentin bond strength to provide a reference for clinical cavity preparation in resin-bonded restoration. Patients aged 13-16 years were selected, including 18 males and 21 females. Forty-eight human maxillary first premolars from orthodontic extractions were chosen to prepare the test models with the dentinal tubule orientations perpendicular and parallel to the bonding substrate. The test models in the vertical and parallel groups were divided into three groups: total-etching with 20% phosphoric acid, total-etching with 35% phosphoric acid and self-etching, with the dentinal tubule surfaces bonded with composite resin blocks in each group. After the standard test models of dentinal tubule-composite resin blocks were placed in distilled water and stored at 37°C for 24 h, shearing tests were performed using a universal material testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The bond strength values in the vertical group were 19.33±1.59 MPa for the 20% phosphoric acid group, 21.39±2.34 MPa for the 35% phosphoric acid group, and 16.88±1.54 MPa for the self-etching group. The bond strength values in the parallel group were 24.53±1.99 MPa for the 20% phosphoric acid group, 25.16±2.88 MPa for the 35% phosphoric acid group, and 20.83±1.99 for the self-etching group. After using same total-etching adhesive, the shear bond strength of the parallel group was higher than that of the vertical group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Regardless of vertical group or parallel group, the difference in the bond strength value between the total-etching groups and the self-etching group was statistically significant (P<0.05). It was concluded that the dentin bonding substrate which was parallel to the direction of the dentin tubule achieved an improved bond strength; the total-etching adhesives achieved higher bond strengths in dentin bond than the self-etching adhesives.
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Trindade TF, Barbosa AFS, Castro-Raucci LMSD, Silva-Sousa YTC, Colucci V, Raucci-Neto W. Chlorhexidine and proanthocyanidin enhance the long-term bond strength of resin-based endodontic sealer. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e44. [PMID: 29846387 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of proanthocyanidin (PA) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the bond strength (BS), failure pattern, and resin-dentin interface morphology of the endodontic sealers EndoREZ and AH Plus after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. A total of 120 prepared bovine roots were divided into six groups: AH Plus, CHX+AH Plus, PA+AH Plus, EndoREZ, CHX+EndoREZ, and PA+EndoREZ. Dentin was treated for 1 or 5 min with 2% CHX or 15% PA, respectively. Roots were filled and stored in water for 24 h or 6 months (n = 10). Root slices were subjected to push-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were compared using two-way ANOVA and student's t-test (α = 5%). BS decreased over time for AH Plus and untreated EndoREZ (p < 0.05). At 24 h, AH Plus had higher BS than EndoREZ (p < 0.001), with no differences among treatments for both sealers (p > 0.05). At 6 months, EndoREZ had higher BS values for CHX and PA than control (p < 0.05). AH Plus had higher BS than EndoREZ (p < 0.001), while with CHX or PA, similar BS was observed in both sealers (p > 0.05). Cohesive and mixed failures were observed in all groups. SEM revealed sealer tags in the root dentin. In conclusion, BS decreased with time and AH Plus had higher BS than EndoREZ in untreated dentin; however, CHX or PA enhanced long-term BS of EndoREZ. Overall, dentin treatment affected failure pattern and resin-dentin interface morphology, particularly for EndoREZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vivian Colucci
- Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - Unaerp, School of Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter Raucci-Neto
- Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - Unaerp, School of Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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