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Majidi RF, Mesgar ASM, Milan PB. Surface-modified, zinc-incorporated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with improved antibacterial and rapid hemostatic properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 243:114132. [PMID: 39094209 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe bleeding and bacterial infections pose significant challenges to the global public health. Effective hemostatic materials have the potential to be used for rapid control of bleeding at the wound site. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were doped with zinc ions (MSN@Zn) and subsequently functionalized with carboxyl (-COOH) groups through post-grafting, resulting in (MSN@Zn-COOH). The results demonstrated the successful functionalization of carboxyl groups on the surface of MSN@Zn mesoporous materials with minimal impact on the morphology. The released zinc ions showed potent antibacterial activity (above ∼80 %) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In vitro and in vivo assessments of MSN@Zn-COOH revealed excellent hemostatic effects and favorable blood compatibility. Hemolysis percentages associated with MSN@Zn-COOH exhibited noteworthy reductions in comparison to MSN. Furthermore, a decrease in APTT (a test evaluating the intrinsic coagulation pathway) of modified MSN@Zn indicated enhanced hemostasis, supported by their negative zeta potential (∼ -14 to -43 mV). Importantly, all samples showed no cytotoxicity. This work underscores the potential of MSN@Zn-COOH, with its combined hemostatic performance and antibacterial activity, for emergency clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Faridi Majidi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Sheikh-Mehdi Mesgar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gong S, Lang S, Wang Y, Li X, Tian A, Ma J, Ma X. pH-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Naringin for Targeted Osteoclast Inhibition and Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6337-6358. [PMID: 38946884 PMCID: PMC11213539 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-established that osteoclast activity is significantly influenced by fluctuations in intracellular pH. Consequently, a pH-sensitive gated nano-drug delivery system represents a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate osteoclast overactivity. Our prior research indicated that naringin, a natural flavonoid, effectively mitigates osteoclast activity. However, naringin showed low oral availability and short half-life, which hinders its clinical application. We developed a drug delivery system wherein chitosan, as gatekeepers, coats mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with naringin (CS@MSNs-Naringin). However, the inhibitory effects of CS@MSNs-Naringin on osteoclasts and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, warranting further research. Methods First, we synthesized CS@MSNs-Naringin and conducted a comprehensive characterization. We also measured drug release rates in a pH gradient solution and verified its biosafety. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of CS@MSNs-Naringin on osteoclasts induced by bone marrow-derived macrophages, focusing on differentiation and bone resorption activity while exploring potential mechanisms. Finally, we established a rat model of bilateral critical-sized calvarial bone defects, in which CS@MSNs-Naringin was dispersed in GelMA hydrogel to achieve in situ drug delivery. We observed the ability of CS@MSNs-Naringin to promote bone regeneration and inhibit osteoclast activity in vivo. Results CS@MSNs-Naringin exhibited high uniformity and dispersity, low cytotoxicity (concentration≤120 μg/mL), and significant pH sensitivity. In vitro, compared to Naringin and MSNs-Naringin, CS@MSNs-Naringin more effectively inhibited the formation and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. This effect was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of key factors in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, increased apoptosis levels, and a subsequent reduction in the production of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins. In vivo, CS@MSNs-Naringin outperformed Naringin and MSNs-Naringin, promoting new bone formation while inhibiting osteoclast activity to a greater extent. Conclusion Our research suggested that CS@MSNs-Naringin exhibited the strikingly ability to anti-osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo, moreover promoted bone regeneration in the calvarial bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang University Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Lang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang University Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang University Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aixian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu X, Wang C, Bai H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhao X, Wang J, Liu H. Functionalization of biomimetic mineralized collagen for bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100660. [PMID: 37214545 PMCID: PMC10199226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized collagen (MC) is the basic unit of bone structure and function and is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in bone tissue. In the biomimetic method, MC with different nanostructures of neo-bone have been constructed. Among these, extra-fibrous MC has been approved by regulatory agencies and applied in clinical practice to play an active role in bone defect repair. However, in the complex microenvironment of bone defects, such as in blood supply disorders and infections, MC is unable to effectively perform its pro-osteogenic activities and needs to be functionalized to include osteogenesis and the enhancement of angiogenesis, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. This article aimed to discuss the preparation and biological performance of MC with different nanostructures in detail, and summarize its functionalization strategy. Then we describe the recent advances in the osteo-inductive properties and multifunctional coordination of MC. Finally, the latest research progress of functionalized biomimetic MC, along with the development challenges and future trends, are discussed. This paper provides a theoretical basis and advanced design philosophy for bone tissue engineering in different bone microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruct Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4110 Yatai Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
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Wang J, Xing S, Xie J, Zhao S, Gan Y, Yang L, Wang TJ. Amination of silica nanoparticles using aminobutanol to increase surface reactivity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yu W, Dong Q, Yu W, Wan Q, Chen X. Facile Preparation of MCM-41/Ag 2O Nanomaterials with High Iodide-Removal Efficiency. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3678. [PMID: 36296868 PMCID: PMC9610164 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of iodide (I-) from water is a tough subject due to its low adsorption tendency and high mobility. In this work, MCM-41/Ag2O nanomaterials were prepared, characterized, and employed to adsorb I- from water. The Ag2O nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in the pores or at the surface of the MCM-41 support, and the Ag2O nanoparticles in the pores had small particles sizes due to the confinement of the mesoporous channel. The prepared MCM-41/Ag2O nanomaterials exhibited a higher specific surface area than previously reported Ag2O-based composites. The adsorption of I- by the nanomaterials was able to reach equilibrium at 180 min. The MCM-41/Ag2O nanomaterials showed a better adsorption capacity per unit mass of Ag2O than pure Ag2O nanoparticles and previously reported Ag2O-based composites prepared using other supports. Furthermore, the MCM-41/Ag2O nanomaterials exhibited high selectivity for I- in the presence of high concentrations of competitive anions, such as Cl- or Br-, and could function in a wide range of pH. The chemical reaction between Ag2O and I- and the surface adsorption were the main adsorption mechanisms. These results indicate that MCM-41/Ag2O nanomaterials are a promising and efficient adsorbent material suitable for the removal of I- for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Qinpeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Abdollahi L, Dianat MJ, Marcos MD, Martínez-Máñez R, Karimi S. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Effective silica etching using tri-di- and mono-valent cations. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 133:112621. [PMID: 35039199 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among different hollow nanostructures, the preparation of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) is still a hotspot research field due to their unique properties e.g., large pore sizes and volumes, high drug loading capacity, ease of surface modification, large surface area, and biodegradability. Herein, novel uniform HMSNs are prepared for the first time by a combination of heterogeneous oil-water biphase stratification and simple mono-, di-, and tri-valent etching reactions. The biphase stratification reaction allows self-assembly of reactants at the oil-water interface, while the subsequent step is designed for the efficient selective silica etching under mild conditions. We have studied the effect of cation's valence (NH4+, Ca2+, and Al3+) on the silica etching reaction coupled with the biphase stratification reaction both in the absence and presence of the auxiliary pore expanded agent 1, 3, 5 trimethylbenzene (TMB). In the absence of TMB, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirms that Al3+ creates materials with the largest pore size (18.0 nm), whereas the use of NH4+ results in the largest pore volume (2.30 cm3/g). The pores generated using Ca2+ and Al3+ as silica etching agents have a volume 2.01 cm3/g and 2.05 cm3/g, respectively. Similar experiments in the presence of TMB leads to the formation of HMSN with larger pore sizes (24 nm and 21.5 nm) and volumes (2.70 cm3/g and 2.12 cm3/g) when using Al3+ and Ca2+, respectively, as etching agents. Drug loading capacity using Langmuir adsorption model indicate our hollow MSN material exhibit the high adsorbing DOX up to 558.23 mg per gram of nanoparticles in pH of 7.2. Furthermore, synthetized NPs exhibited high loading capacity for large protein and biomolecules such as BSA. Our findings confirmed that the charge density of cation has a critical role on selective silica etching in the preparation of HMSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano, Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Dianat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University
| | - Maria Dolores Marcos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Universitat de València, Spain; CIBER de Bioingenierıía, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politécnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Universitat de València, Spain; CIBER de Bioingenierıía, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politécnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sadegh Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano, Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
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Wei Q, Zhou K, Chen J, Zhang Q, Lu T, Farooq U, Chen W, Li D, Qi Z. Insights into the molecular mechanism of tetracycline transport in saturated porous media affected by low-molecular-weight organic acids: Role of the functional groups and molecular size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149361. [PMID: 34358745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transport of tetracycline possessed a great challenge in its environmental applications. This study looked at how various low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) affect the transport of tetracycline in environments. To that end, four LMWOAs were employed in experiments; acetic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. It was observed that LMWOAs promoted the tetracycline passage in presence of various experimental environments. The LMWOAs steric hindrance and deposition competition facilitated tetracycline transport at pH 5.0. The other deposition mechanism for tetracycline was the electrostatic repulsion between tetracycline and sand enhanced by deprotonated LMWOAs at pH 7.0. Moreover, the enhanced effects of LMWOAs on tetracycline mobility were intensively dependent on LMWOA type with more functional groups (e.g. carboxyl and hydroxyl groups) and larger molecular size supported stronger deposition competition, steric hindrance as well as electrostatic repulsion. Additionally, cation-bridging played a vital role for the enhanced effects of LMWOAs on tetracycline transport with divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+ and Pb2+). Interestingly, tetracycline exhibited a higher mobility in the presence of Ca2+ relative to Pb2+ regardless of LMWOAs-free or LMWOAs-addition. This phenomenon was attributed to the fact that Pb2+ has a greater affinity with tetracycline and LMWOAs than Ca2+. Furthermore, under the shadow of numerous LMWOAs, the non-equilibrium two site transportation model was employed to investigate the movement of tetracycline in porous saturated media. The present study suggests that LMWOAs may be important considerations in assessing the antibiotic passage in soil as well as groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wei
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Department of Hydrology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth D-95440, Germany
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Deliang Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Wang J, Liu Q, Guo Z, Pan H, Liu Z, Tang R. Progress on Biomimetic Mineralization and Materials for Hard Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:1757-1773. [PMID: 34870411 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process in which natural organisms regulate the crystal growth of inorganic minerals, resulting in hierarchical structured biominerals with excellent properties. Typical biominerals in the human body are the bones and teeth, and damage to these hard tissues directly affect our daily lives. The repair of bones and teeth in a biomimetic way, either by using a biomimetic mineralization strategy or biomimetic materials, is the key for hard tissue regeneration. In this review, we briefly introduce the structure of bone and tooth, and highlight the fundamental role of collagen mineralization in tissue repair. The recent progress on intra-/extrafibrillar collagen mineralization by a biomimetic strategy or materials is presented, and their potential for tissue regeneration is discussed. Then, recent achievements on bone and tooth repair are summarized, and these works are discussed in the view of materials science and biological science, providing a broader vision for the future research of hard tissue repair techniques. Lastly, recent progress on hard tissue regeneration is concluded, and existing problems and future directions are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhengxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Yu L, Wei M. Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:944. [PMID: 33477897 PMCID: PMC7833386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen fibrils serve as the basic building blocks of natural bone and dentin. Mineralization of collagen fibrils play an essential role in ensuring the structural and mechanical functionalities of hard tissues such as bone and dentin. Biomineralization of collagen can be divided into intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization in terms of HA distribution relative to collagen fibrils. Intrafibrillar mineralization is termed when HA minerals are incorporated within the gap zone of collagen fibrils, while extrafibrillar mineralization refers to the minerals that are formed on the surface of collagen fibrils. However, the mechanisms resulting in these two types of mineralization still remain debatable. In this review, the evolution of both classical and non-classical biomineralization theories is summarized. Different intrafibrillar mineralization mechanisms, including polymer induced liquid precursor (PILP), capillary action, electrostatic attraction, size exclusion, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, and interfacial energy guided theories, are discussed. Exemplary strategies to induce biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralization using non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), polymer analogs, small molecules, and fluidic shear stress are discussed, and recent applications of mineralized collagen fibers for bone regeneration and dentin repair are included. Finally, conclusions are drawn on these proposed mechanisms, and the future trend of collagen-based materials for bone regeneration and tooth repair is speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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