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Zhu T, Liu H, Gao S, Jiang N, Chen S, Xie W. Effect of salidroside on neuroprotection and psychiatric sequelae during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115999. [PMID: 38091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals worldwide, and the risk of psychiatric sequelae and consequent mental disorders has increased among the general population, health care workers and patients with COVID-19. Achieving effective and widespread prevention of pandemic-related psychiatric sequelae to protect the mental health of the global population is a serious challenge. Salidroside, as a natural agent, has substantial pharmacological activity and health effects, exerts obvious neuroprotective effects, and may be effective in preventing and treating psychiatric sequelae and mental disorders resulting from stress stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we systematically summarise, analyse and discuss the therapeutic effects of salidroside in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric sequelae as well as its roles in preventing the progression of mental disorders, and fully clarify the potential of salidroside as a widely applicable agent for preventing mental disorders caused by stress; the mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside are involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neural regeneration and cell apoptosis in the brain, the network homeostasis of neurotransmission, HPA axis and cholinergic system, and the improvement of synaptic plasticity. Notably, this review innovatively proposes that salidroside is a potential agent for treating stress-induced health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides scientific evidence and a theoretical basis for the use of natural products to combat the current mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiman Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 115, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200122, China.
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Pei SJ, Zhu YZ, Yang JM, Zhang MC, Shi CL, Ding Y, Yi YY. Activation of moderate autophagy promotes survival of fat graft. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23289. [PMID: 37950635 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300892r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinically unpredictable retention following fat grafting remains outstanding problems because of the unrevealed mechanism of grafted fat survival. The role of autophagy, a process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling cellular debris, has yet been to be reported in fat grafting. This study aims to improve the survival of fat grafting through the autophagy. First, the relationship between cell death and autophagy in the early stage of fat grafting was evaluated through immunostaining, RNA sequencing, and western blot. Next, rapamycin, an autophagic agonist, was used for the culturing of adipose-derived stem cells and adipocytes during ischemia. Cell death, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed. Finally, rapamycin was used to assist fat grafting in nude mice. The results demonstrated that the peak of cell death at the early stage of fat grafting was accompanied by a decrease in autophagy. In vitro, during ischemia, 25 nM was confirmed as the optimal dose of rapamycin that reduces cell death with enhanced autophagy and mitophagy, improved mitochondrial quality as well as decreased ROS accumulation. In vivo, promoted mitophagy, alleviated oxidative stress, and decreased cell apoptosis of rapamycin-treated fat grafts were observed in the early stage. In addition, rapamycin increased the survival of fat grafts with increased neovascularization and reduced fibrosis. We suggested that moderate autophagy induced by rapamycin contribute to enhanced ischemic tolerance and long term survival of fat grafts through mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jun Pei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Juan-Min Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Min-Chen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Long Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yan Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Huang B, Lin Z, Chen Z, Chen J, Shi B, Jia J, Li Y, Pan Y, Liang Y, Cai Z. Strain differences in the drug transport capacity of intestinal glucose transporters in Sprague-Dawley versus Wistar rats, C57BL/6J versus Kunming mice. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123000. [PMID: 37254285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Designing oral drug delivery systems using intestinal glucose transporters (IGTs) may be one of the strategies for improving oral bioavailability of drugs. However, little is known about the biological factors affecting the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Gastrodin is a sedative drug with a structure very similar to glucose. It is a highly water-soluble phenolic glucoside. It can hardly enter the intestine through simple diffusion but exhibits good oral bioavailability of over 80%. We confirmed that gastrodin is absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway. It has the highest oral bioavailability among the reported glycosides' active ingredients through this pathway. Thus, gastrodin is the most selective drug substrate of IGTs and can be used to evaluate the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Obviously, strain is one of the main biological factors affecting drug absorption. This study firstly compared the drug transport capacity of IGTs between SD rats and Wistar rats and between C57 mice and KM mice by pharmacokinetic experiments and single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments of gastrodin. Then, the sodium-dependent glucose transporter type 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-independent glucose transporters type 2 (GLUT2) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of these animals were quantified using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The results showed that the oral bioavailability of gastrodin in Wistar rats was significantly higher than in SD rats and significantly higher in KM mice than in C57 mice. Gastrodin absorption significantly differed among different intestinal segments in SD rats, C57 mice and KM mice, except Wistar rats. RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in SD rats and C57 mice was duodenum ≈ jejunum > ileum > colon. SGLT1 expression did not differ among different intestinal segments in KM mice, whereas the intestinal expression distribution of GLUT2 was duodenum ≈ jejunum ≈ ileum > colon. However, the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 did not differ among different intestinal segments in Wistar rats. It was reported that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in humans is duodenum > jejunum > ileum > colon. Hence, the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 of SD rats and C57 mice was more similar to that in humans. In conclusion, the drug transport capacity of IGTs differs in different strains of rats and mice. SD rats and C57 mice are more suitable for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of glycosides' active ingredients absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Zimin Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Birui Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqing Pan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China.
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Wan H, Yan YD, Hu XM, Shang L, Chen YH, Huang YX, Zhang Q, Yan WT, Xiong K. Inhibition of mitochondrial VDAC1 oligomerization alleviates apoptosis and necroptosis of retinal neurons following OGD/R injury. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152049. [PMID: 36690044 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological mechanism in many retinal diseases, which can lead to cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), which is mainly located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is the gatekeeper of mitochondria. The permeability of mitochondrial membrane can be regulated by controlling the oligomerization of VDAC1. However, the functional mechanism of VDAC1 in retinal I/R injury was unclear. Our results demonstrate that oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) injury leads to apoptosis, necroptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction of R28 cells. The OGD/R injury increases the levels of VDAC1 oligomerization. Inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization by VBIT-12 rescued mitochondrial dysfunction by OGD/R and also reduced apoptosis/necroptosis of R28 cells. In vivo, the use of VBIT-12 significantly reduced aHIOP-induced neuronal death (apoptosis/necroptosis) in the rat retina. Our findings indicate that VDAC1 oligomers may open and enlarge mitochondrial membrane pores during OGD/R injury, leading to the release of death-related factors in mitochondria, resulting in apoptosis and necroptosis. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy against ocular diseases caused by I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yan-di Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yan-Xia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei-Tao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xie N, Zhang Y, Meng X, Wang X. Salidroside intensifies mitochondrial function of CoCl 2-damaged HT22 cells by stimulating PI3K-AKT-MAPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154568. [PMID: 36610162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside (Sal), an active component from Rhodiola crenulata, has been confirmed to exert neuroprotective effects against hypoxia. However, its molecular mechanisms of intensifying mitochondrial function still largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms by which Sal heightened mitochondrial function in CoCl2-induced HT22 hypoxic injury. METHODS The hypoxic condition of HT22 cells was performed by CoCl2 stimulus. We then investigated the effects of Sal on the viability of hypoxic HT22 cells by cell counting kit-8. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in cultured supernatant were detected by using commercial biochemical kit. Superoxide free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity assay kit with ferric reducing ability of plasma and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods were employed to detect the free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant capacity of Sal. Meanwhile, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by corresponding specific labeled probes. Mitochondrial morphology was tested by Mito-tracker green with confocal microscopy. Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining were also employed to evaluate the effect of Sal on cell apoptosis. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), real-time ATP production and proton efflux rate were measured using a Seahorse analyzer. Additionally, the potential interactions of Sal with PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-related proteins were predicted and tested by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the protein levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38 and p38 were estimated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Sal alleviated CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury in HT22 cells as evidenced by increased cell viability and decreased LDH release. In vitro antioxidant test confirmed that Sal had marvelous antioxidant abilities. The protected mitochondrial function by Sal treatment was illustrated by the decrease of ROS, Ca2+, mitochondrial fragment and the increase of MMP. In addition, Sal ameliorated the apoptosis of HT22 cells by decreasing Hoechst 33342 positive cells and the rate of apoptotic cells. Enhancement of energy metabolism in HT22 by Sal was demonstrated by increased OCR, real-time ATP generation and proton efflux rate. The molecular docking confirmed the potential binding of Sal to PI3K, AKT and CaMK II proteins with calculated binding energy of -1.32, -4.21 and -4.38 kcal/mol, respectively. The MDS test revealed the average hydrogen bond of complex Sal-PI3K and Sal-AKT were 0.79 and 4.46, respectively. The results of LSPR verified the potential binding of Sal to proteins PI3K, AKT and HIF-1α with affinity values of 5.20 × 10 - 3, 2.83 × 10 - 3 and 3.97 × 10 - 3 KD, respectively. Western blot analysis further argued that Sal consolidated the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Meanwhile, Sal could downregulate the proteins expression of p-JNK and p-p38. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggested that Sal can intensify mitochondrial function of CoCl2-simulated hypoxia injury in HT22 cells by stimulating PI3K-AKT-MAPK signaling pathway. Sal is a potential agent for mitochondrial protection against hypoxia with the underlying molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism being further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Jin M, Wang C, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wu X, Ye R, Zhang Q, Han D. Pharmacological effects of salidroside on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Zhang HY, Tian Y, Shi HY, Cai Y, Xu Y. The critical role of the endolysosomal system in cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:983-990. [PMID: 36254978 PMCID: PMC9827782 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a serious disease that triggers sequential pathological mechanisms, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Although most studies to date have typically focused on the lysosome, a single organelle, current evidence supports that the function of lysosomes cannot be separated from that of the endolysosomal system as a whole. The associated membrane fusion functions of this system play a crucial role in the biodegradation of cerebral ischemia-related products. Here, we review the regulation of and the changes that occur in the endolysosomal system after cerebral ischemia, focusing on the latest research progress on membrane fusion function. Numerous proteins, including N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor and lysosomal potassium channel transmembrane protein 175, regulate the function of this system. However, these proteins are abnormally expressed after cerebral ischemic injury, which disrupts the normal fusion function of membranes within the endolysosomal system and that between autophagosomes and lysosomes. This results in impaired "maturation" of the endolysosomal system and the collapse of energy metabolism balance and protein homeostasis maintained by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Autophagy is the final step in the endolysosomal pathway and contributes to maintaining the dynamic balance of the system. The process of autophagosome-lysosome fusion is a necessary part of autophagy and plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis and clearing aging proteins. We believe that, in cerebral ischemic injury, the endolysosomal system should be considered as a whole rather than focusing on the lysosome. Understanding how this dynamic system is regulated will provide new ideas for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han-Yan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China,Correspondence to: Ying Xu, .
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Wang X, Tang Y, Xie N, Bai J, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Meng X. Salidroside, a phenyl ethanol glycoside from Rhodiola crenulata, orchestrates hypoxic mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis by stimulating Sirt1/p53/Drp1 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115278. [PMID: 35439546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhodiola crenulata is clinically used to combat hypobaric hypoxia brain injury at high altitude with the function of invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation in Tibetan medicine. Salidroside (Sal), an active compound identified from Rhodiola species, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against hypoxic brain injury. However, its mitochondrial protective mechanisms remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to explore the mitochondrial protection of Sal and the involved mechanisms related to mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis on hypoxia-induced injury of HT22 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoxic condition was performed as cells cultured in a tri-gas incubator with 1% O2, 5% CO2 and 94% N2. We firstly investigated the effects of different concentrations of Sal on the viability of normal or hypoxic HT22 cells. Whereafter, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Na+-K+-ATPase were tested by commercial kits. Meanwhile, mitochondrial superoxide, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by specific labeled probes. Mitochondrial morphology was detected by mito-tracker green with confocal microscopy. Additionally, the potential interactions of Sal with Sirt1/p53/Drp1 signaling pathway-related proteins were predicted and tested by molecular docking and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the protein levels of Sirt1, p53, ac-p53, Drp1, p-Drp1(s616), Fis1 and Mfn2 were estimated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Sal alleviated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells as evidenced by increased cell viability and SOD activity, while decreased LDH release and MDA content. The protected mitochondrial function by Sal treatment was indicated by the increases of ATP level, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and MMP. Miraculously, Sal reduced hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission, while increased mitochondrial tubular or linear morphology. The results of molecular docking and LSPR confirmed the potential binding of Sal to proteins Sirt1, p53, Fis1 and Mfn2 with affinity values 1.38 × 10-2, 5.26 × 10-3, 6.46 × 10-3 and 7.26 × 10-3 KD, respectively. And western blot analysis further demonstrated that Sal memorably raised the levels of Sirt1 and Mfn2, while decreased the levels of ac-p53, Drp1, p-Drp1 (s616) and Fis1. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data confirm that Sal can maintain mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis by activating the Sirt1/p53/Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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The Combination of Rhodosin and MMF Prolongs Cardiac Allograft Survival by Inhibiting DC Maturation by Promoting Mitochondrial Fusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7260305. [PMID: 35855862 PMCID: PMC9288296 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7260305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the gold-standard treatment for end-stage heart disease, heart transplantation is associated with acute cardiac rejection within 1 year of transplantation. The continuous application of immunosuppressants may cause side effects such as hepatic and renal toxicity, infection, and malignancy. Developing new pharmaceutical strategies to alleviate acute rejection after heart transplantation effectively and safely is of critical importance. In this study, we performed a murine model of MHC-full mismatch cardiac transplantation and showed that the combination of Rhodosin (Rho) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could prevent acute rejection and oxidative stress injury and prolong the survival time of murine heart transplants. The use of Rho plus MMF in allografts improved the balance of Tregs/Teff cells, which had a protective effect on allotransplantation. We also isolated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and determined that Rho inhibited DC maturation by promoting mitochondrial fusion mainly through the mitochondrial fusion-related protein MFN1. Herein, we demonstrated that Rho, an active ingredient isolated from the plant Rhodiola rosea with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, could efficiently alleviate acute rejection and significantly prolong murine heart allograft survival when used with a low dose of MMF. More importantly, we found that Rho restrained DC maturation by promoting mitochondrial fusion and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which then alleviated acute rejection in murine cardiac transplantation. Interestingly, as a novel immunosuppressant, Rho has almost no side effects compared with other traditional immunosuppressants. Taken together, these results suggest that Rho has good clinical auxiliary applications as an effective immunosuppressant and antioxidant, and this study provides an efficient strategy to overcome the side effects of immunosuppressive agents that are currently used in organ transplantation.
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Agapouda A, Grimm A, Lejri I, Eckert A. Rhodiola Rosea Extract Counteracts Stress in an Adaptogenic Response Curve Manner via Elimination of ROS and Induction of Neurite Outgrowth. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5647599. [PMID: 35602107 PMCID: PMC9122715 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5647599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sustained stress with the overproduction of corticosteroids has been shown to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to an oxidative stress state. Mitochondria are the main generators of ROS and are directly and detrimentally affected by their overproduction. Neurons depend almost solely on ATP produced by mitochondria in order to satisfy their energy needs and to form synapses, while stress has been proven to alter synaptic plasticity. Emerging evidence underpins that Rhodiola rosea, an adaptogenic plant rich in polyphenols, exerts antioxidant, antistress, and neuroprotective effects. Methods In this study, the effect of Rhodiola rosea extract (RRE) WS®1375 on neuronal ROS regulation, bioenergetics, and neurite outgrowth, as well as its potential modulatory effect on the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, was evaluated in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and the murine hippocampal HT22 cell lines. Stress was induced using the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Results RRE increased bioenergetics as well as cell viability and scavenged ROS with a similar efficacy in both cells lines and counteracted the respective corticosteroid-induced dysregulation. The effect of RRE, both under dexamethasone-stress and under normal conditions, resulted in biphasic U-shape and inverted U-shape dose response curves, a characteristic feature of adaptogenic plant extracts. Additionally, RRE treatment promoted neurite outgrowth and induced an increase in BDNF levels. Conclusion These findings indicate that RRE may constitute a candidate for the prevention of stress-induced pathophysiological processes as well as oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be employed against stress-associated mental disorders potentially leading to the development of a condition-specific supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Agapouda
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Imane Lejri
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
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Shan Z, Fa WH, Tian CR, Yuan CS, Jie N. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2902-2919. [PMID: 35332108 PMCID: PMC9004550 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is associated with inflammatory bowels diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even a spectrum of cancer such as colon cancer and liver cancer, resulting in a substantial healthcare burden on our society. Autophagy is a key regulator in metabolic homeostasis such as lipid metabolism, energy management and the balance of cellular mineral substances. Mitophagy is selective autophagy for clearing the damaged mitochondria and dysfunctional mitochondria. A myriad of evidence has demonstrated a major role of mitophagy in the regulation of type 2 diabetes and metabolic homeostasis. It is well established that defective mitophagy has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, insulin resistance is further progressed to various diseases such as nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Concordantly, restoration of mitophagy will be a reliable and therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Recently, various phytochemicals have been proved to prevent dysfunctions of β-cells by mitophagy inductions during diabetes developments. In agreement with the above phenomenon, mitophagy inducers should be warranted as potential and novel therapeutic agents for treating diabetes. This review focuses on the role of mitophagy in type 2 diabetes relevant diseases and the pharmacological basis and therapeutic potential of autophagy regulators in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong Fa
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Run Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Shi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Jie
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Afliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
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Hao W, Li N, Mi C, Wang Q, Yu Y. Salidroside attenuates cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14683. [PMID: 34467560 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) on a daily basis were used to establish the diabetic rat model (blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/L). Cardiac functions of diabetic rats were evaluated by their haemodynamic alterations. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein levels of multiple signalling pathway factors. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to investigate the inflammation and oxidative stress of diabetic rats. RESULTS Salidroside treatment improved the cardiac functions of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside therapy attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress induced by diabetes. Salidroside inhibited the diabetes-induced inflammation in diabetic rat hearts. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was also alleviated by the treatment of salidroside. Salidroside also upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, ACC, TSC2 and RAPTOR. CONCLUSION Salidroside exerts protective effects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating the mTOR and AMPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Caifeng Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
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