1
|
Correia J, Pinho R, Francisco E, Proença L, Fernandes C, Oliveira M. Endoscopic Treatment of an Idiopathic Pancreaticopleural Fistula. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 29:352-355. [PMID: 36159201 PMCID: PMC9485977 DOI: 10.1159/000518447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with an exudative pleural effusion with raised amylase and bilirubin levels. The patient had no previous history of acute pancreatitis or trauma and no clinical or radiological signs of chronic pancreatitis. On thoracoabdominal computed tomography, a pancreatic pseudocyst with a pancreaticopleural fistula was identified. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography identified a ductal disruption site in the body of the pancreas. Pancreatic sphincterotomy and stent placement in the duct of Wirsung, combined with medical management, allowed fistula closure, pseudocyst reabsorption, and no relapse of the pleural effusion. The relevance of this case lies not only in its rarity but also as it highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in such uncommon conditions. Optimal management of this condition is debatable due to the absence of prospective studies comparing medical, endoscopic, and surgical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Correia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- *João Correia,
| | - Rolando Pinho
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Elsa Francisco
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Luísa Proença
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Manuel Oliveira
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pawar VB, Rathi P, Thanage R, Debnath P, Nair S, Contractor Q. Early Endoscopic Intervention in Pancreaticopleural Fistula: A Single-Center Experience. JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Pancreaticopleural fistulas are among the rarest complications of chronic pancreatitis. The main objective of the research, conducted on a total of seven patients, was to evaluate the effectiveness of early endoscopic management of pancreaticopleural fistula.
Methods The diagnosis of fistula was reached when fistulous tract was demonstrated on imaging studies and/or pleural fluid amylase level was greater than 2,000 U/L. The data were retrospectively analyzed from the records.
Results The prototype patient in our series was a chronic alcoholic male with median age of 45 years. Computed tomography scan was performed in all the seven patients but could diagnose leak only in four patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was better in the remaining three patients for diagnosing fistula. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was the most sensitive test that diagnosed fistula in all the seven patients. Pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation was successful and pancreatic sphincterotomy with PD stenting was performed in all the seven patients. We could avoid surgical intervention in our patients.
Conclusions We advise early endoscopic treatment within 7 days of symptom onset as opposed to 3 weeks, which was proposed previously. Medical therapies should be complimentary to PD stenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Balasaheb Pawar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Rathi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi Thanage
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanta Debnath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Qais Contractor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Gao LC, Guo S, Mei TL, Zhou J, Wang GL, Yu FH, Fang YL, Xu BP. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of pancreaticopleural fistula in children. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5718-5730. [PMID: 33088164 PMCID: PMC7545396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare disease, especially in children. Conservative treatment and surgery are traditional therapies, but surgery is invasive. The emergence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has provided a new noninvasive treatment for PPF and may become the first choice for children with PPF.
AIM To explore the treatment response to ERCP for PPF in children.
METHODS Seven children with PPF were hospitalized in the Gastroenterology Department of Beijing Children’s Hospital from December 2007 to May 2019. Data on these seven patients’ clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed, and their treatment responses following surgery and ERCP were compared. The correlation between the length of hospital stay and conservative treatment was analyzed. Peer-reviewed articles written in English and Chinese published from January 2009 to December 2019 were obtained from various open data sources and reviewed.
RESULTS The seven patients comprised three boys and four girls with a mean age of 6.57 ± 3.26 years. The main symptoms were chest tightness and pain (n = 4), intermittent fever (n = 3), dyspnea (n = 3), and abdominal pain (n = 1), and all patients had bloody pleural effusion. All seven patients were diagnosed with PPF by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and all were initially treated conservatively for a mean of 34.67 ± 22.03 d with a poor response. Among five patients who underwent ERCP, one required surgery because of intubation failure; thus, the success rate of ERCP was 80%. Two patients were successfully treated with surgery (100%). The postoperative hospital stay of the two patients treated by surgery was 20 and 30 d, respectively (mean of 25 d), and that of the four patients treated by ERCP ranged from 12 to 30 d (mean of 19.25 ± 8.85 d). The recovery time after ERCP was short [time to oral feeding, 4-6 d (mean, 5.33 ± 1.15 d); duration of closed thoracic drainage, 2-22 d (mean, 13.3 d)]. Analysis of previous cases of PPF published worldwide during the past decade showed that the treatment success rate of ERCP is not lower than that of surgery. There was no significant difference in the postoperative hospital stay between surgery (16 ± 10.95 d) and ERCP (18.7 ± 6.88 d, P > 0.05). A positive linear correlation was found between the overall hospital stay and ERCP intervention time (R2 = 0.9992).
CONCLUSION ERCP is recommended as the first-choice treatment for PPF in children. ERCP should be performed as early as possible if conditions permit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Liu-Cun Gao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Tian-Lu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Guo-Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Fei-Hong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yong-Li Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Bao-Ping Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshida Y, Matsumoto I, Tanaka T, Yamao K, Hayashi A, Kamei K, Satoi S, Takebe A, Nakai T, Takenaka M, Takeyama Y. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with stenosis of the main pancreatic duct leading to pancreatic pleural effusion: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:222. [PMID: 32975612 PMCID: PMC7519021 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic pleural effusion and ascites are defined as fluid accumulation in the thoracic and abdominal cavity, respectively, due to direct leakage of the pancreatic juice. They usually occur in patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis but are rarely associated with pancreatic neoplasm. We present here an extremely rare case of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with stenosis of the main pancreatic duct, leading to pancreatic pleural effusion. Case presentation A 51-year-old man complained of dyspnea. Left-sided pleural effusion was detected on the chest X-ray. Pleural puncture was performed, and the pleural fluid indicated a high amylase content (36,854 IU/L). Hence, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic pleural effusion. Although no tumor was detected, the computed tomography (CT) scan showed a pseudocyst and dilation of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a fistula from the pseudocyst into the left thoracic cavity. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage was attempted; however, it failed due to stenosis in the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic body. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic mass measuring 15 × 15 mm in the pancreatic body that was not enhanced in the late phase of contrast perfusion and was thus suspected to be an invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and the postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination confirmed a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas (NET G2). The main pancreatic duct was compressed by the tumor. Increased pressure on the distal pancreatic duct by the tumor might have caused formation of the pseudocyst and pleural effusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of pancreatic pleural effusion associated with a neuroendocrine tumor. Conclusions Differential diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm should be considered, especially when a patient without a history of pancreatitis presents with pleural effusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ippei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashi
- Gastroenterology, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, 730, Ezu, Tottori, Tottori, 680-0000, Japan
| | - Keiko Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shumpei Satoi
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takebe
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakai
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kitano M, Gress TM, Garg PK, Itoi T, Irisawa A, Isayama H, Kanno A, Takase K, Levy M, Yasuda I, Lévy P, Isaji S, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Drewes AM, Sheel ARG, Neoptolemos JP, Shimosegawa T, Boermeester M, Wilcox CM, Whitcomb DC. International consensus guidelines on interventional endoscopy in chronic pancreatitis. Recommendations from the working group for the international consensus guidelines for chronic pancreatitis in collaboration with the International Association of Pancreatology, the American Pancreatic Association, the Japan Pancreas Society, and European Pancreatic Club. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1045-1055. [PMID: 32792253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This paper is part of the international consensus guidelines on chronic pancreatitis, presenting for interventional endoscopy. METHODS An international working group with experts on interventional endoscopy evaluated 26 statements generated from evidence on 9 clinically relevant questions. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the level of evidence. To determine the level of agreement, a nine-point Likert scale was used for voting on the statements. RESULTS Strong consensus was obtained for 15 statements relating to nine questions including the recommendation that endoscopic intervention should be offered to patients with persistent severe pain but not to those without pain. Endoscopic decompression of the pancreatic duct could be used for immediate pain relief, and then offered surgery if this fails or needs repeated endoscopy. Endoscopic drainage is preferred for portal-splenic vein thrombosis and pancreatic fistula. A plastic stent should be placed and replaced 2-3 months later after insertion. Endoscopic extraction is indicated for stone fragments remaining after ESWL. Interventional treatment should be performed for symptomatic/complicated pancreatic pseudocysts. Endoscopic treatment is recommended for bile duct obstruction and afterwards surgery if this fails or needs repeated endoscopy. Surgery may be offered if there is significant calcification and/or mass of the pancreatic head. Percutaneous endovascular treatment is preferred for hemosuccus pancreaticus. Surgical treatment is recommended for duodenal stenosis due to chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS This international expert consensus guideline provides evidenced-based statements concerning indications and key aspects for interventional endoscopy in the management of patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kitano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, University Hospital, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Pramod K Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Irisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kanno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kei Takase
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Michael Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Phillipe Lévy
- Service de Pancréatologie-Gastroentérologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, DHU UNITY, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy Cedex, Université Paris 7, France.
| | - Shuiji Isaji
- Department of Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
| | | | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Andrea R G Sheel
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Marja Boermeester
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C Mel Wilcox
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology & Molecular Physiology and Human Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maldonado I, Shetty A, Estay MC, Siña E, Rojas A, Narra V, Varela C. Acute Pancreatitis Imaging in MDCT: State of the Art of Usual and Unusual Local Complications. 2012 Atlanta Classification Revisited. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:186-199. [PMID: 32553440 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease in which most common etiologies are biliary lithiasis and alcoholism. Acute pancreatitis can be classified into 2 groups according to its morphologic features: interstitial edematous pancreatitis and necrotizing acute pancreatitis. The prognosis of this group of diseases and its complications varies significantly and contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the imaging study of choice for the diagnosis and detection of complications. . In this review, we aim to summarize the changes introduced in the revised Atlanta classification and describe other usual and unusual local complications of acute pancreatitis that are not analyzed in that classification. We will also describe early detection signs and provide an accurate interpretation of complications on contrast-enhanced computed tomography that will lead to prompt management decisions which can reduce the morbidity and mortality of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Maldonado
- Departamento Imagenología, Clínica Dávila, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de los Andes y Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Anup Shetty
- Mallinckdrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - María Catalina Estay
- Departamento Imagenología, Clínica Dávila, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de los Andes y Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Siña
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Rojas
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vampsi Narra
- Mallinckdrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cristian Varela
- Departamento Imagenología, Clínica Dávila, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de los Andes y Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wee E, Anastassiades C, Yip BC. Endoscopic treatment of a pancreaticopleural fistula associated with a tension hydrothorax. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:309-312. [PMID: 28321996 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Constantinos Anastassiades
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ch Yip
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanaka T, Kuroki T, Kitasato A, Adachi T, Ono S, Hirabaru M, Matsushima H, Takatsuki M, Eguchi S. Endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic stenting for internal pancreatic fistula with the disruption of the pancreatic ductal system. Pancreatology 2013; 13:621-4. [PMID: 24280580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internal pancreatic fistula (IPF) is a well-recognized complication of pancreatic diseases. Although there have been many reports concerning IPF, the therapy for IPF still remains controversial. We herein report our experiences with endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic stent therapy for IPF and evaluate its validity. METHOD Six patients with IPF who presented at our department and received endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic stent therapy were investigated, focusing on the clinical and imaging features as well as treatment strategies, the response to therapy and the outcome. RESULTS All patients were complicated with stenosis or obstruction of the main pancreatic duct, and in these cases the pancreatic ductal disruption developed distal to the areas of pancreatic stricture. The sites of pancreatic ductal disruption were the pancreatic body in five patients and the pancreatic tail in one patient. All patients received endoscopic stent placement over the stenosis site of the pancreatic duct. Three patients improved completely and one patient improved temporarily. Finally, three patients underwent surgical treatment for IPF. All patients have maintained a good course without a recurrence of IPF. CONCLUSION Endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic stent therapy may be an appropriate first-line treatment to be considered before surgical treatment. The point of stenting for IPF is to place a stent over the stenosis site of the pancreatic duct to reduce the pancreatic ductal pressure and the pseudocyst's pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
HYLAND R, CHALMERS AG, MESSIOU C. Imaging of acute pancreatitis. IMAGING 2013. [DOI: 10.1259/imaging/94910341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
10
|
Roberts KJ, Sheridan M, Morris-Stiff G, Smith AM. Pancreaticopleural fistula: etiology, treatment and long-term follow-up. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:215-9. [PMID: 22484592 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(12)60151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) are uncommon. Complex multidisciplinary treatment is required due to nutritional compromise and sepsis. This is the first description of long-term follow-up of patients with PPF. METHODS Eleven patients with PPF treated at a specialist unit were identified. Causation, investigation, treatment and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Pancreatitis was the etiology of the PPF in 9 patients, and in the remaining 2 the PPF developed following distal pancreatectomy. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated the site of duct disruption in 10 cases, with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography identifying the final case. Suppression of pancreatic exocrine secretion and percutaneous drainage formed the mainstay of treatment.Five cases resolved following pancreatic duct stent insertion and three patients required surgical treatment for established empyema. There were no complications. In all cases that resolved there has been no recurrence of PPF over a median follow-up of 50 months (range 15-62). CONCLUSIONS PPF is an uncommon event complicating pancreatitis or pancreatectomy; pancreatic duct disruption is the common link. A step-up approach consisting of minimally invasive techniques treats the majority with surgery needed for refractory sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Roberts
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deshmukh S, Roberts K, Morris-Stiff G, Smith A. Pancreatico-psoas fistula: a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012:bcr.11.2011.5083. [PMID: 22665710 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.11.2011.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors present a case of post endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography acute pancreatitis complicated by a pancreatico-psoas fistula, as well as reviewing similar previously published cases. The patient had a fluctuating clinical course over 4 months, developing multiple life-threatening complications including portal vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, aspiration pneumonia and acute kidney injury on a background of chronic kidney disease. The authors followed the long-held surgical principle of draining sepsis and avoiding surgical intervention. The fistula dried up with conservative management and time also allowed portal venous collateral formation with resolution of his ascites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Deshmukh
- Department of HPB Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wronski M, Slodkowski M, Cebulski W, Moronczyk D, Krasnodebski IW. Optimizing management of pancreaticopleural fistulas. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4696-703. [PMID: 22180712 PMCID: PMC3233676 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i42.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the management of pancreaticopleural fistulas involving early endoscopic instrumentation of the pancreatic duct.
METHODS: Eight patients with a spontaneous pancreaticopleural fistula underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with an intention to stent the site of a ductal disruption as the primary treatment. Imaging features and management were evaluated retrospectively and compared with outcome.
RESULTS: In one case, the stent bridged the site of a ductal disruption. The fistula in this patient closed within 3 wk. The main pancreatic duct in this case appeared normal, except for a leak located in the body of the pancreas. In another patient, the papilla of Vater could not be found and cannulation of the pancreatic duct failed. This patient underwent surgical treatment. In the remaining 6 cases, it was impossible to insert a stent into the main pancreatic duct properly so as to cover the site of leakage or traverse a stenosis situated downstream to the fistula. The placement of the stent failed because intraductal stones (n = 2) and ductal strictures (n = 2) precluded its passage or the stent was too short to reach the fistula located in the distal part of the pancreas (n = 2). In 3 out of these 6 patients, the pancreaticopleural fistula closed on further medical treatment. In these cases, the main pancreatic duct was normal or only mildly dilated, and there was a leakage at the body/tail of the pancreas. In one of these 3 patients, additional percutaneous drainage of the peripancreatic fluid collections allowed better control of the leakage and facilitated resolution of the fistula. The remaining 3 patients had a tight stenosis of the main pancreatic duct resistible to dilatation and the stent could not be inserted across the stenosis. Subsequent conservative treatment proved unsuccessful in these patients. After a failed therapeutic ERCP, 3 patients in our series developed superinfection of the pleural or peripancreatic fluid collections. Four out of 8 patients in our series required subsequent surgery due to a failed non-operative treatment. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed in 3 cases. In one case, only external drainage of the pancreatic pseudocyst was done because of diffuse peripancreatic inflammatory infiltration precluding safe dissection. There were no perioperative mortalities. There was no recurrence of a pancreaticopleural fistula in any of the patients.
CONCLUSION: Optimal management of pancreaticopleural fistulas requires appropriate patient selection that should be based on the underlying pancreatic duct abnormalities.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cocieru A, Saldinger PF. Frey procedure for pancreaticopleural fistula. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14:929-30. [PMID: 19862581 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-009-1063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cocieru
- Department of Surgery, Danbury Hospital, 24 Hospital Avenue, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|