1
|
Ajay PS, Sharperson CM, Shah SK, Kooby DA, Shah MM. The Gender Gap in Surgical Literature: Are We Making Progress? J Surg Res 2024; 295:357-363. [PMID: 38064976 PMCID: PMC10922090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The percentage of women in surgical leadership roles is not commensurate with percent of women in field of surgery. Citation indexes are used as proxy for scholarly impact and may serve as an indicator of women's progress in academic surgery. We aimed to evaluate gender disparities in authorship of surgery manuscripts in high-impact journals. METHODS In this bibliometric analysis of original research articles from four high-impact surgical journals from 2008 to 2010 (period A) and 2018-2020 (period B), the gender of primary and senior authors was assigned by Genderize.io. Number of citations per article was identified via Web of Science. Number of citations by gender of authors was compared across time periods. RESULTS Of the 3575 articles (Period A = 1915; Period B = 1660), 962 (26.9%) had women as primary authors and 590 (17.2%) as senior authors. Over time, significant increases in women primary and senior authorship were noted from 22.8% to 31.7% (P < 0.001) and 13.9% (254/11,915) to 21% (336/1660), respectively (P < 0.001). Articles written with women primary authors had fewer median (interquartile range) citations than those by men as primary author in period A (39 [17-69.5] versus 42 [20.0-84.0]; P = 0.005). Gender parity was noted in period B (9 [4-19] versus 9 [4-20] citations; P = 0.307). In period A, articles written by women as both primary and senior authors had approximately 25% fewer median citations compared with those by men (34 [17-62] versus 44 [21-86]); P < 0.011), and this reached parity in period B (9 [4-20] versus 9 [4-21]); P < 0.658). CONCLUSIONS Overall, gender authorship and citations parity are improving in high-impact surgery journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay S Ajay
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Camara M Sharperson
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samir K Shah
- Depratment of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David A Kooby
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mihir M Shah
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rengers TA, Warner SG. Importance of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Hepatopancreatobiliary Workforce. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:326. [PMID: 38254815 PMCID: PMC10814790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diversity is a catalyst for progress that prevents institutional stagnation and, by extension, averts descent to mediocrity. This review focuses on the available data concerning hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgical workforce demographics and identifies evidence-based strategies that may enhance justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion for HPB surgeons and their patients. We report that the current United States HPB surgical workforce does not reflect the population it serves. We review data describing disparity-perpetuating hurdles confronting physicians from minority groups underrepresented in medicine at each stage of training. We further examine evidence showing widespread racial and socioeconomic disparities in HPB surgical care and review the effects of workforce diversity and physician-patient demographic concordance on healthcare outcomes. Evidence-based mitigators of structural racism and segregation are reviewed, including tailored interventions that can address social determinants of health toward the achievement of true excellence in HPB surgical care. Lastly, select evidence-based data driving surgical workforce solutions are reviewed, including intentional compensation plans, mentorship, and sponsorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne G. Warner
- Mayo Clinic Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He ZW, Wang C, Li Y, Danzeng A, Liu FB, Zhu Y, Shi JY, Ciren P, Yuan XY, Wu CX, Lan RH, Zhang BH. The state of female hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgeons in China: see us in operation theater with great prospects. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:1402-1410. [PMID: 37543474 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.07.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the proportion and distribution of female HPB surgeons in China, describe their current status, and analyze the possible barriers and challenges in their careers. METHOD Tertiary hospitals with the division of HPB in mainland China in 2021 were enrolled and surgeon demographic information was collected through the review of official websites and/or telephone interviews. RESULTS The majority of female HPB surgeons (72.92%) were located in the first or second-tier cities in mainland China, with an increasing number of new female HPB surgeons entering the field annually, particularly after 2005 (from 27 to 52 per 5 years). Despite no significant difference in academic backgrounds, female HPB surgeons initiated their careers at an earlier age and took a longer time to obtain chief titles (P < 0.05). Interestingly, female HPB surgeons performed laparoscopic complex HPB cases at a similar rate (95.42%) to their male counterparts and were more likely to specialize in endoscopic surgery (P = 0.021), with a similar ratio of obtaining administrative positions. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive surgery may provide females with unprecedented opportunities in the HPB surgery field. However, despite the increasing numbers of female HPB surgeons, the proportion remains low in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei He
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Li
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Awang Danzeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fu-Bin Liu
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia-Yu Shi
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Pingcuo Ciren
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Yuan
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Cheng-Xian Wu
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Run-Hu Lan
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Bin-Hao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geng F, Ren Y, Hou H, Dai B, Scott JB, Strickland SL, Mehta S, Li J. Gender equity of authorship in pulmonary medicine over the past decade. Pulmonology 2023; 29:495-504. [PMID: 37210334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender disparity in authorship broadly persists in medical literature, little is known about female authorship within pulmonary medicine. METHODS A bibliometric analysis of publications from 2012 to 2021 in 12 journals with the highest impact in pulmonary medicine was conducted. Only original research and review articles were included. Names of the first and last authors were extracted and their genders were identified using the Gender-API web. Female authorship was described by overall distribution and distribution by country/region/continent and journal. We compared the article citations by gender combinations, evaluated the trend in female authorship, and forecasted when parity for first and last authorship would be reached. We also conducted a systematic review of female authorship in clinical medicine. RESULTS 14,875 articles were included, and the overall percentage of female first authors was higher than last authors (37.0% vs 22.2%, p<0.001). Asia had the lowest percentage of female first (27.6%) and last (15.2%) authors. The percentages of female first and last authors increased slightly over time, except for a rapid increase in the COVID-19 pandemic periods. Parity was predicted in 2046 for the first authors and 2059 for the last authors. Articles with male authors were cited more than articles with female authors. However, male-male collaborations significantly decreased, whereas female-female collaborations significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Despite the slow improvement in female authorship over the past decade, there is still a substantial gender disparity in female first and last authorship in high-impact medical journals in pulmonary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - B Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - J B Scott
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - S L Strickland
- American Epilepsy Society, Programs, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - S Mehta
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Li
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McNamara MG, Bridgewater J, Goyal L, Jacobs T, Wagner AD, Goldstein D, Shroff R, Moehler M, Lowery M, Bekaii-Saab T, Kelley RK, Furuse J, Rimassa L, Morizane C, Lamarca A, Hubner R, Knox J, Valle J. What is the gender representation in authorship in later phase systemic clinical trials in biliary tract cancer (BTC)? - a retrospective review of the published literature. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064954. [PMID: 36288834 PMCID: PMC9615988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Female physicians in medicine are increasing, but disparities in female authorship exist. The aim of this study was to characterise factors associated with female first (FF) and female senior (SF) authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in biliary tract cancer (BTC) and identify any changes over time. SETTING Embase/Medline identified trial publications in BTC (2000-2020) were included. χ2 tests and log regression were used (assessed factors associated with FF and SF authorship, including changes over time (STATA V.16)). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE FF and SF authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in BTC. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE Any changes over time? RESULTS Of 501 publications, 163 met inclusion criteria. The median percentage of female author representation in publications was 25%; there were no female authors in 13% of publications. Geographic location of the home institution of the first and senior authors was Asia (42%/42%), Europe (29%/29%), USA (24%/22%) and other (4%/6%), respectively. Overall, FF and SF author representation was 20% and 10%, respectively. The median position of the first female author was second in all the publication author lists. The phase of trial, journal-impact factor, industry funding or whether the study met its primary endpoint did not impact FF/SF author representation. More SF authors had home institutions in 'other' geographic locations (40% in 10 trials) (p=0.02) versus Asia (6%), Europe (8%) and USA (14%). There were no significant changes in FF/SF representation over time (p=0.61 and p=0.33 respectively). CONCLUSIONS FF and SF author representation in later phase systemic clinical trial publications in BTC is low and has not changed significantly over time. The underlying reasons for this imbalance need to be better understood and addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad G McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Jacobs
- Medical Library, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna D Wagner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachna Shroff
- Medical Oncology, The University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Markus Moehler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitatsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Maeve Lowery
- Department of Medical Oncology, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Robin K Kelley
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Junji Furuse
- Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lamarca
- Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer Knox
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran TB, Wong P, Raoof M, Melstrom K, Fong Y, Melstrom LG. The evolving gender distribution in authorship over time in American surgery. Am J Surg 2022; 224:1217-1221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias towards women in surgery has been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and prevents equality. OBJECTIVE The aim of our scoping review is to summarize the different forms of discrimination towards women in surgery. METHODS The database search consisted of original studies regarding discrimination towards female surgeons. RESULTS Of 3,615 studies meeting research criteria, 63 were included. Of these articles, 11 (18%) were focused on gender-based discrimination, 14 (22%) on discrimination in authorship, research productivity and research funding, 21 (33%) on discrimination in academic surgery, 7 (11%) on discrimination in surgical leadership positions and 10 (16%) on discrimination during conferences and in surgical societies. The majority (n = 53, 84%) of the included studies were conducted in the U.S.A. According to our analysis, female surgeons experience discrimination from male colleagues, healthcare workers, but also from patients and trainees. Possible solutions may include acknowledgement of the problem, increased education of diversity and integration for the younger generations, mentorship, coaching and more active engagement by male and female partners to support women in the surgical field. CONCLUSIONS Gender-based discrimination toward women in the field of surgery has evolved over the past twenty years, from an explicit to a more subtle attitude. A work-environment where diversity and flexibility are valued would allow female surgeons to better realize their full potential.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sex Differences in Commercial Patient Reviews of Women and Men Urogynecologic Surgeons. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022; 28:173-176. [PMID: 35272325 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to describe differences in commercial patient reviews of women and men urogynecologic surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reviews of surgeons on Healthgrades.com in 4 metropolitan areas were included. Based on the qualitative assessment using qualitative content analysis of major and minor elements, we defined 4 theme categories: global experience, social interaction, technical skills, and ancillary aspects, each embedded with discrete elements. Differences in proportions of mentioned themes as well as quantitative ratings were evaluated by sex with the appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS Three hundred sixty-four patient reviews (51% for women surgeons and 49% for men surgeons) were identified for 141 gynecologic surgeons self-identifying as "urogynecologists." The majority of the cohort (77%) held subspecialty certification in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Reviews of women demonstrated a lower mean quantitative "likelihood to recommend" score compared with men (4.0 vs 4.3, P = 0.002) on the 5-point scale. Women received more mention in comfort (52% vs 40%, P = 0.023) and professionalism (19% vs 9%, P = 0.007) themes and less mention with respect to surgical outcomes (28% vs 53%, P < 0.001) and technical skills (5% vs 15%, P = 0.011) compared with men. CONCLUSIONS Commercial online patient reviews for urogynecologic surgeons reveal sex bias with women receiving lower scores overall and more comments related to social interaction and fewer comments related to surgical outcomes and technical skill compared with men.
Collapse
|
9
|
Graner M, Buda AM, Moura CB, Campos L, Faria I, Truche P, Botelho F, Pompermaier L, Gil Alves Guilloux A, Bowder AN, Ferreira J. Is authorship by women in Brazilian academic surgery increasing? A five-year retrospective analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000294. [PMID: 36962340 PMCID: PMC10021462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Women remain underrepresented in 80% of Brazilian surgical specialties, however, women representation within the Brazilian academic surgical literature remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the gender distribution of first and last authors in Brazilian surgical journals. All publications between 2015 and 2019 from the five Brazilian surgical journals with the highest impact factor were reviewed. The first and last authors' names were extracted from each article and a predictive algorithm was used to classify the gender of each author. Authors were further classified by surgical field and geographic region to investigate patterns of female authorship among journals, specialties, and region over the study period. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify factors independently associated with female authorship. 1844 articles were analyzed; 23% (426/1844) articles had female first authors, and 20% (348/1748) had female last authors. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira was observed to have the highest rates for both first and last female authors (37%, 138/371; 26%, 95/370)) and Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (9%, 48/542; 10%, 54/522) had the lowest rates. Papers with a woman senior author were twice as likely to have a woman first author (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.51-2.58, p≤0.01). Women's representation in medicine is increasing in Brazil, yet women remain underrepresented as the first and last authors in the Brazilian surgical literature. Our results highlight the importance of senior women mentorship in academic surgery and demonstrate that promoting female surgeon senior authorship through academic and financial support will positively impact the number of female first authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Graner
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra M Buda
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Letícia Campos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Faria
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paul Truche
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Fabio Botelho
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Pompermaier
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Alexis N Bowder
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia Ferreira
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Merrill A, Beal EW, Ackah R, Patterson K, Horning P, Ejaz A, Pawlik TM, Dillhoff ME. Women in hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery: is there a pipeline problem? HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:817-820. [PMID: 33341339 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are underrepresented in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. We investigated whether this is a pipeline problem by looking at the percentage of women trainees presenting at Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (AHPBA) and then determining their ultimate career path. METHODS We extracted gender, level of training, and career path of first authors of abstracts presented at the 2007 and 2012 AHPBA conferences. Chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test were used to examine gender trends. RESULTS 85 authors in 2007 and 109 in 2012 met inclusion criteria. 16.5% of presenters were female in 2007 compared to 22.9% in 2012. Just over 50% of authors went into academic medicine in 2007 (55%) and 2012 (59%) which did not differ by gender (p = 0.868 in 2007, p = 0.174 in 2012). 41.2% of first authors from 2007 to 2012 went into an HPB related field which did not differ significantly by gender (p = 0.450 for 2007, p = 0.626 for 2012). CONCLUSION Similar percentages of men and women who present at AHPBA ultimately obtain an HPB related job, however, more men than women trainees present at AHPBA. More efforts to encourage women to go into HPB surgery early may help eliminate this gender gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliza W Beal
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Ruth Ackah
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Paul Horning
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guest RV, Minter RM. Barriers and opportunities in HPB training. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:815-816. [PMID: 33903048 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Manget Minter
- A.R. Curreri Distinguished Chair, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bibliometric Analysis of the English Musculoskeletal Literature over the Last 30 Years. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5548481. [PMID: 33994881 PMCID: PMC8096573 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Publication and authorship are important in academia for career advancement, obtaining grants, and improved patient care. There has been a recent interest in bibliometric changes over time, especially regarding the gender gap. The purpose of this study was to explore bibliometric changes in the musculoskeletal literature. Bibliometric variables (number of authors, institutions, countries, pages, references, corresponding author position, author gender, geographic region of origin, and editorial board makeup) were analyzed for 5 basic science and 12 clinically oriented musculoskeletal journals from 1985 through 2016. Statistical analyses comprised bivariate analyses, multifactorial ANOVAs, and logistic regression analyses. A p < 0.005 was considered significant. Nearly, all variables increased over time. Asia had the highest number of authors and corresponding author positions, Australia/New Zealand the highest number of institutions and references, North America the highest number of pages, and Europe the highest number of countries. Those with a female first author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Likewise, those with a female corresponding author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Single-authored manuscripts decreased over time. The percentage of female first authors rose from 10.8% in 1985-1987 to 23.7% in 2015-2016. There were more female 1st authors in the basic science journals compared to the clinical journals (33.2% vs. 12.7%). Single-authored manuscripts were more likely to be written by males (5.1 vs. 2.4%) and decreased over time. The many differences by geographic region of origin likely reflect different socio/cultural attitudes regarding academia and research, as well as the gender composition of the disciplines by geographic region. Overall, there has been an increase in the number of female 1st and corresponding authors, editorial board members, and chief editors, indicating a slow but progressive narrowing of the gender gap.
Collapse
|