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Nishioka Y, Matsumoto Y, Murakami K, Endo S, Toyozumi T, Otsuka R, Shiraishi T, Iida S, Morishita H, Makiyama T, Hu J, Maiyulan A, Matsubara H. Establishment of a novel small bowel adenocarcinoma cell line using patient‑derived xenografts, which produces CEA and CA19‑9. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:360. [PMID: 38881709 PMCID: PMC11177170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, the research infrastructure for SBA, including cell lines, is inadequate. The present study established a novel SBA cell line, SiCry-15X, using patient-derived xenografts of SBA. The following criteria were defined for establishment: Long-term culturability, tumorigenicity and similarity with the original tumor. The biological characteristics of the cell line, its sensitivity to anticancer drugs and its ability to produce tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were evaluated. SiCry-15X cells adhered and grew as a monolayer, with a population doubling time of 37 h. Polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the human origin of the cell line, and short tandem repeat analysis revealed that the cells were genetically identical to the original tumor. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, irinotecan, oxaliplatin and cisplatin for SiCry-15X were 104.05, 0.24, 63.3, 146.55 and 49.29 µM, respectively. CEA and CA19-9 concentrations in the culture media were markedly elevated. In addition, CEA and CA19-9 levels in the serum of cell-derived xenograft model mice were elevated. Moreover, CEA and CA19-9 were produced by SiCry-15X cells and distributed throughout the blood. Furthermore, increases in serum CEA and CA19-9 of cell-derived xenograft model mice were consistent with the clinical course of the disease. The newly established SBA cell line, SiCry-15X, could be an effective tool for conducting further studies on SBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Nishioka
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsumoto
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyozumi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryota Otsuka
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiraishi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Iida
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morishita
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tenshi Makiyama
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Abula Maiyulan
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Purushothaman S, Azhahianambi P, Dharman M, Gokula Kannan R, Tirumurugaan KG, Soundararajan C, Aravindh Babu RP, Devaraju P, Prakash JAJ. A cross sectional study on molecular prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in household rat population of South India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102212. [PMID: 38880051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the molecular prevalence of mite-borne zoonotic pathogen O. tsutsugamushi in household rats of South India through nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of O. tsutsugamushi 47-kDa htrA gene and to determine the most suitable sample type for screening of O. tsutsugamushi in rats. Out of 85 rats trapped in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Puducherry regions, 47 rats were found positive for the O. tsutsugamushi genome with prevalence of 55.29 %. Among different sample types screened, faecal samples exhibited the highest positivity rate, followed by liver, spleen, kidney, and blood samples. Agreement between faecal and spleen samples of rats for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi was the highest. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between the spleen, liver, and faeces and a negative correlation between blood and faeces for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi genome. These findings underscore the varied distribution of O. tsutsugamushi among different samples and indicate that the faecal and liver samples of rats are an ideal choice of samples for epidemiological studies. This is the first study to report a high level of presence of O. tsutsugamushi in faecal samples of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Purushothaman
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - P Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India.
| | - M Dharman
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - R Gokula Kannan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - K G Tirumurugaan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - C Soundararajan
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - R P Aravindh Babu
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | | | - John A J Prakash
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
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Tashiro K, Segawa T, Futami T, Suzuki M, Itou T. Establishment and characterization of a novel kidney cell line derived from the common bottlenose dolphin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:536-549. [PMID: 37524977 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a well-known cetacean species that inhabits temperate and tropical seas worldwide. Limited supply and poor quality of samples hinder the investigation of the effects of various pathogens and environmental pollutants on this cetacean species. Cultured cells are useful for experimental studies; however, no cell lines derived from cetaceans are generally available. Therefore, in this study, we established a novel kidney cell line, TK-ST, derived from T. truncatus. Primary cells exhibited the morphological characteristics of epithelial and fibroblast cells, but their immortalization and passaging resulted in a predominantly epithelial cell morphology. TK-ST was immortalized using the large T SV40 antigen and human telomerase reverse transcriptase and exhibited long-term stable cell growth. TK-ST cells are generally cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C and 5% CO2 but can also be cultured in 5-20% fetal bovine serum and several other classical media commonly used for common animal cell culture. TK-ST cells were found to be susceptible to several viruses, including the dolphin morbillivirus (most important virus in cetaceans), and exhibited cytopathic effects, facilitating the replication of the dolphin morbillivirus. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of cytokine genes were increased in TK-ST cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides and poly(I:C). Therefore, the novel TK-ST cell line derived in this study can potentially be used for further in vitro studies on cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Tashiro
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Taketo Futami
- Minamichita Beachland Aquarium, 428-1 Okuda Mihama, Chita, Aichi, 470-3233, Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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Aizawa Y, Takada K, Aoyama J, Sano D, Yamanaka S, Seki M, Kuze Y, Ramilowski JA, Okuda R, Ueno Y, Nojima Y, Inayama Y, Hatakeyama H, Hatano T, Takahashi H, Nishimura G, Fujii S, Suzuki Y, Taniguchi H, Oridate N. Establishment of experimental salivary gland cancer models using organoid culture and patient-derived xenografting. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:409-421. [PMID: 36538240 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Depending on its histological subtype, salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) may have a poor prognosis. Due to the scarcity of preclinical experimental models, its molecular biology has so far remained largely unknown, hampering the development of new treatment modalities for patients with these malignancies. The aim of this study was to generate experimental human SGC models of multiple histological subtypes using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid culture techniques.
Methods
Tumor specimens from surgically resected SGCs were processed for the preparation of PDXs and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Specimens from SGC PDXs were also processed for PDX-derived organoid (PDXO) generation. In vivo tumorigenicity was assessed using orthotopic transplantation of SGC organoids. The pathological characteristics of each model were compared to those of the original tumors using immunohistochemistry. RNA-seq was used to analyze the genetic traits of our models.
Results
Three series of PDOs, PDXs and PDXOs of salivary duct carcinomas, one series of PDOs, PDXs and PDXOs of mucoepidermoid carcinomas and PDXs of myoepithelial carcinomas were successfully generated. We found that PDXs and orthotopic transplants from PDOs/PDXOs showed similar histological features as the original tumors. Our models also retained their genetic traits, i.e., transcription profiles, genomic variants and fusion genes of the corresponding histological subtypes.
Conclusion
We report the generation of SGC PDOs, PDXs and PDXOs of multiple histological subtypes, recapitulating the histological and genetical characteristics of the original tumors. These experimental SGC models may serve as a useful resource for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Aizawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Aoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Kuze
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Okuda
- Roche Innovation Center, Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Goshi Nishimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Oridate
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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5
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Mitochondrial genes as strong molecular markers for species identification. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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6
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Ahmad A, Lee JR, Metz JM, Tang X, Lin SC, Bagarozzi DA, Petway D, Herzegh O. Development and Evaluation of a TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for the Rapid Detection of Cross-Contamination of RD (Human) and L20B (Mouse) Cell Lines Used in Poliovirus Surveillance. J Virol Methods 2022; 300:114354. [PMID: 34774617 PMCID: PMC10898489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross-contamination of cell lines in culture is a persistent problem. Genetically modified L20B (Mouse) and RD (Human Rhabdomyosarcoma) cell lines are commonly used in poliovirus research, surveillance, and diagnostics. Cross-contamination between these cell lines leads to unreproducible results and unreliable surveillance data, negatively affecting public health. The gold standard method for cell authentication is Short Tandem Repeats analysis, which is time-consuming and expensive. The disadvantage of STR is limited detection of interspecies contamination. METHODS This assay targets the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MTCO1) gene, a highly conserved and emergent DNA barcode region for detection of cross-contamination in RD and L20B cell lines. The MagNA Pure Compact instrument and ABI 7500 Fast Dx Real-time PCR systems were used for DNA extraction and to perform real-time PCR respectively. RESULTS The newly developed assay is very sensitive with a limit of detection of 100 RD cells/1 million L20B/mL. The amplification efficiency and R2-value were 102.26% and 0.9969 respectively. We evaluated specificity of the assay with five human and four mouse cell lines, as well as monkey and rat cell lines. The assay showed no cross-reactivity with genomic DNA from human, mouse, rat, or monkey cell lines. The analytical sensitivity was also evaluated by spiking varying amounts of RD cells (0.001% - 10%) into L20B cells. There was no difference in CT values when running single-plex or duplex PCR reactions with similar experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated a TaqMan real-time PCR assay, a sensitive method for the detection of cross-contamination of RD and L20B cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausaf Ahmad
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Joo R Lee
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - John M Metz
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Seh-Ching Lin
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Dennis A Bagarozzi
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - David Petway
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Owen Herzegh
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States.
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7
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Rosner M, Kolbe T, Voronin V, Hengstschläger M. Amniotic fluid stem cells and the cell source repertoire for non-invasive prenatal testing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1366-1371. [PMID: 34383184 PMCID: PMC9033748 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA)-based non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is considered to be a very promising screening tool for pregnant women with an increased risk of fetal aneuploidy. Already millions of women worldwide underwent NIPT. However, due to the observed false-positive and false-negative results, this screening approach does not fulfil the criteria of a diagnostic test. Accordingly, positive results still require risk-carrying invasive prenatal testing, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS), for confirmation. Such hurdles need to be overcome before NIPT could become a diagnostic approach widely used in the general population. Here we discuss new evidence that besides the placenta amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) could also represent an origin of cffDNA in the mother’s blood. A comprehensive picture of the involved cell source repertoire could pave the way to more reliable interpretations of NIPT results and ameliorate counselling of advice-seeking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Viktor Voronin
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Nelson SR, Zhang C, Roche S, O'Neill F, Swan N, Luo Y, Larkin A, Crown J, Walsh N. Modelling of pancreatic cancer biology: transcriptomic signature for 3D PDX-derived organoids and primary cell line organoid development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2778. [PMID: 32066753 PMCID: PMC7026166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With a five-year survival rate of 9%, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest of all cancers. The rapid mortality makes PDAC difficult to research, and inspires a resolve to create reliable, tractable cellular models for preclinical cancer research. Organoids are increasingly used to model PDAC as they maintain the differentiation status, molecular and genomic signatures of the original tumour. In this paper, we present novel methodologies and experimental approaches to develop PDAC organoids from PDX tumours, and the simultaneous development of matched primary cell lines. Moreover, we also present a method of recapitulating primary cell line cultures to organoids (CLOs). We highlight the usefulness of CLOs as PDAC organoid models, as they maintain similar transcriptomic signatures as their matched patient-derived organoids and patient derived xenografts (PDX)s. These models provide a manageable, expandable in vitro resource for downstream applications such as high throughput screening, functional genomics, and tumour microenvironment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Nelson
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- BGI Education Centre, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Sandra Roche
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niall Swan
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266000, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - AnneMarie Larkin
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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9
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Araújo SBDE, Patricio GF, Simoni IC, Rivas EB, Fernandes MJB. Isoenzyme and molecular approach for authenticating and monitoring of animal cell lines. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180487. [PMID: 31618408 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Authentication of cell lines is of paramount importance to validate the results from their use in biomedical research. Although isoenzyme polymorphism is the standard method, molecular methods based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been developed to replace it. The aim of this study was the improvement of our isoenzyme electrophoretic analysis and the validation of one molecular technique targeted at mtDNA for the authentication of our animal cell lines. The combined method of cellular lysing through osmotic shock, followed by freezing-thawing in N2 to obtain isoenzyme extracts, and with 42 × 106 cells maintained the best efficiency. The superior electrophoretic conditions were PAGE run at 200 V. All cell lines had isoenzymatic mobility corresponding to their species to lactate dehydrogenase, malate-dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, and could be distinguished from each other. Two molecular techniques based on mtDNA were tested, one on the cytochrome b gene and other on cytochrome c oxidase I subunit gene. Due to difficulties in distinguishing all cell lines using only one these techniques, we merged the primers of two methods in such a way that there was a sufficient differentiation of all DNA fragments. The sequencing of these PCR products was also performed to validate these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B DE Araújo
- Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo F Patricio
- Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela C Simoni
- Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana B Rivas
- Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Development of conventional and real time PCR assays for rapid species authentication of mammalian cell lines commonly used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:170-177. [PMID: 31505453 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell lines are valuable tools in biomedical fields, with applications ranging from disease diagnosis to the production of biological reagents and vaccines. Here we report the development of new conventional (cPCR) and real time PCR (qPCR) assays for species identification of several mammalian kidney cell lines originated from swine, green monkey, hamster and bovine tissues that are extensively used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The PCR primers and probes were selected from highly conserved mitochondrial genes and analyzed in silico by nucleotide BLAST in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website to ensure target specificity. The assays were highly species-specific and had no cross-reactivity against other tested cell lines originated from different mammalian species. Assay sensitivity (limit of detection; LOD) was determined using serial dilutions of cell line DNA as template. The estimated LODs were between 2.95 and 48 pg (picogram) DNA/assay for cPCR, and between 1.5 × 10-3 and 4.8 × 10-2 pg DNA/assay for qPCR. Multiplex qPCR assays were developed for simultaneous detection of up to three species in a single assay. The multiplex qPCR assays exhibited the same sensitivity as the corresponding singleplex assays with the exception of the green monkey species that demonstrated a 10-100 fold decline in the sensitivity. Contamination of swine cells was detected in one of the rabbit cell lines. The contamination was further confirmed by Sanger and Next-Generation sequencing.
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11
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Ottina E, Levy P, Eksmond U, Merkenschlager J, Young GR, Roels J, Stoye JP, Tüting T, Calado DP, Kassiotis G. Restoration of Endogenous Retrovirus Infectivity Impacts Mouse Cancer Models. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1292-1300. [PMID: 30143537 PMCID: PMC6485373 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models have been instrumental in establishing fundamental principles of cancer initiation and progression and continue to be invaluable in the discovery and further development of cancer therapies. Nevertheless, important aspects of human disease are imperfectly approximated in mouse models, notably the involvement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Replication-defective ERVs, present in both humans and mice, may affect tumor development and antitumor immunity through mechanisms not involving infection. Here, we revealed an adverse effect of murine ERVs with restored infectivity on the behavior of mouse cancer models. In contrast to human cancer, where infectious ERVs have never been detected, we found that ERV infectivity was frequently restored in transplantable, as well as genetic, mouse cancer models. Such replication-competent, ERV-derived retroviruses were responsible for unusually high expression of retroviral nucleic acids and proteins in mouse cancers. Infectious ERV-derived retroviruses produced by mouse cancer cells could directly infect tumor-infiltrating host immune cells and fundamentally modified the host's immune defenses to cancer, as well as the outcome of immunotherapy. Therefore, infectious retroviruses, variably arising in mouse cancer models, but not in human cancer, have the potential to confound many immunologic studies and should be considered as a variable, if not altogether avoided. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1292-300. ©2018 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endogenous Retroviruses/pathogenicity
- Female
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/virology
- Viral Tropism/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ottina
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Prisca Levy
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Urszula Eksmond
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - George R Young
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juliette Roels
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Stoye
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dinis P Calado
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Macaca arctoides gammaherpesvirus 1 (strain herpesvirus Macaca arctoides): virus sequence, phylogeny and characterisation of virus-transformed macaque and rabbit cell lines. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:109-129. [PMID: 30291474 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Herpesvirus Macaca arctoides (HVMA) has the propensity to transform macaque lymphocytes to lymphoblastoid cells (MAL-1). Inoculation of rabbits with cell-free virus-containing supernatant resulted in the development of malignant lymphomas and allowed isolation of immortalised HVMA-transformed rabbit lymphocytes (HTRL). In this study, the HVMA genome sequence (approx. 167 kbp), its organisation, and novel aspects of virus latency are presented. Ninety-one open reading frames were identified, of which 86 were non-repetitive. HVMA was identified as a Lymphocryptovirus closely related to Epstein-Barr virus, suggesting the designation as 'Macaca arctoides gammaherpesvirus 1' (MarcGHV-1). In situ lysis gel and Southern blot hybridisation experiments revealed that the MAL-1 cell line contains episomal and linear DNA, whereas episomal DNA is predominantly present in HTRL. Integration of viral DNA into macaque and rabbit host cell genomes was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation on chromosomal preparations. Analysis of next-generation sequencing data confirmed this finding. Approximately 400 read pairs represent the overlap between macaque and MarcGHV-1 DNA. Both, MAL-1 cells and HTRL show characteristics of a polyclonal tumour with B- and T-lymphocyte markers. Based on analysis of viral gene expression and immunohistochemistry, the persistence of MarcGHV-1 in MAL-1 cells resemble the latency type III, whereas the expression pattern observed in HTRL was more comparable with latency type II. There was no evidence of the presence of STLV-1 proviral DNA in MAL-1 and HTRL. Due to the similarity to EBV-mediated cell transformation, MarcGHV-1 expands the available in vitro models by simian and rabbit cell lines.
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13
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Izadpanah M, Mohebali N, Elyasi Gorji Z, Farzaneh P, Vakhshiteh F, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA. Simple and fast multiplex PCR method for detection of species origin in meat products. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 55:698-703. [PMID: 29391634 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of animal species is one of the major concerns in food regulatory control and quality assurance system. Different approaches have been used for species identification in animal origin of feedstuff. This study aimed to develop a multiplex PCR approach to detect the origin of meat and meat products. Specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene. This method could successfully distinguish the origin of the pig, camel, sheep, donkey, goat, cow, and chicken in one single reaction. Since PCR products derived from each species represent unique molecular weight, the amplified products could be identified by electrophoresis and analyzed based on their size. Due to the synchronized amplification of segments within a single PCR reaction, multiplex PCR is considered to be a simple, fast, and inexpensive technique that can be applied for identification of meat products in food industries. Nowadays, this technique has been considered as a practical method to identify the species origin, which could further applied for animal feedstuffs identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Izadpanah
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- 2School of Advance Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mohebali
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Elyasi Gorji
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- 1Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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14
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A Combination of Species Identification and STR Profiling Identifies Cross-contaminated Cells from 482 Human Tumor Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9774. [PMID: 28851942 PMCID: PMC5575032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumor cell lines are extremely important tools for cancer research, but a significant percentage is cross-contaminated with other cells. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the prevailing standard for authenticating cell lines that originate from human tissues. Based on the analysis of 482 different human tumor cell lines used in China by STR, up to 96 cell lines were misidentified. More importantly, the study has found that STR profiling alone is insufficient to exclude inter-species cross-contamination of human cell lines. Among the 386 cell lines which had a correct STR profile, 3 of them were inter-species cross-contaminated. Careful microscopic examination may be helpful in some cases to detect changes in morphology but additional testing is needed. Additionally, species verification by PCR could easily identify the contaminants, even with a low percentage of contaminating cells. Combining STR profiling with species identification by PCR, more than 20.5% (99/482) of tumor cell lines were revealed as having been incorrectly identified, including intra-species (14.5%), inter-species (4.4%) cross-contamination and contaminating cell lines (1.7%). Therefore, quality control of cell lines is a systemic issue. Each cell line should undergo a full QA (Quality Assurance) assessment before it is used for research.
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15
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Immortalization of chicken preadipocytes by retroviral transduction of chicken TERT and TR. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177348. [PMID: 28486516 PMCID: PMC5423695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken is an important agricultural animal and model for developmental biology, immunology and virology. Excess fat accumulation continues to be a serious problem for the chicken industry. However, chicken adipogenesis and obesity have not been well investigated, because no chicken preadipocyte cell lines have been generated thus far. Here, we successfully generated two immortalized chicken preadipocyte cell lines through transduction of either chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) alone or in combination with chicken telomerase RNA (chTR). Both of these cell lines have survived >100 population doublings in vitro, display high telomerase activity and have no sign of replicative senescence. Similar to primary chicken preadipocytes, these two cell lines display a fibroblast-like morphology, retain the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and do not display any signs of malignant transformation. Isoenzyme analysis and PCR-based analysis confirmed that these two cell lines are of chicken origin and are free from inter-species contamination. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the generation of immortal chicken cells by introduction of chTERT and chTR. Our established chicken preadipocyte cell lines show great promise as an in vitro model for the investigation of chicken adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and obesity and its related diseases, and our results also provide clues for immortalizing other avian cell types.
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16
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SHG-specificity of cellular Rootletin filaments enables naïve imaging with universal conservation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39967. [PMID: 28059168 PMCID: PMC5216331 DOI: 10.1038/srep39967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing demand for truly naïve imaging, label-free observation of cilium-related structure remains challenging, and validation of the pertinent molecules is correspondingly difficult. In this study, in retinas and cultured cells, we distinctively visualized Rootletin filaments in rootlets in the second harmonic generation (SHG) channel, integrated in custom coherent nonlinear optical microscopy (CNOM) with a simple, compact, and ultra-broadband supercontinuum light source. This SHG signal was primarily detected on rootlets of connecting cilia in the retinal photoreceptor and was validated by colocalization with anti-Rootletin staining. Transfection of cells with Rootletin fragments revealed that the SHG signal can be ascribed to filaments assembled from the R234 domain, but not to cross-striations assembled from the R123 domain. Consistent with this, Rootletin-depleted cells lacked SHG signal expected as centrosome linker. As a proof of concept, we confirmed that similar fibrous SHG was observed even in unicellular ciliates. These findings have potential for broad applications in clinical diagnosis and biophysical experiments with various organisms.
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17
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Incorrect strain information for mouse cell lines: sequential influence of misidentification on sublines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:225-230. [PMID: 27844419 PMCID: PMC5348555 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Misidentification or cross-contamination of cell lines can cause serious issues. Human cell lines have been authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling; however, mouse cell lines have not been adequately assessed. In this study, mouse cell lines registered with the JCRB cell bank were examined by simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) analysis to identify their strains. Based on comparisons with 7 major inbred strains, our results revealed their strains in 80 of 90 cell lines. However, 12 of the 80 cell lines (15%) were found to differ from registered information. Of them, 4 cell lines originated from the same mouse, which had been generated through mating between two different inbred strains. The genotype of the mouse sample had not been examined after the backcross, leading to strain misidentification in those cell lines. Although 8 other cell lines had been established as sublines of a BALB/c cell line, their SSLP profiles are similar to a Swiss cell line. This affects differences in genotypes between inbred and outbred strains. Because the use of inbred samples and interbreeding between strains are not involved in human materials, our results suggest that the cause and influence of misidentification in mouse cell lines are different from those in human.
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18
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Establishment and characterization of a bovine rectal myxoma cell line. Tissue Cell 2014; 47:49-54. [PMID: 25441618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new bovine cell line was developed from tumor biopsy material of rectum obtained from clinical case of 7 years old cattle with tumor mass obliterating the rectal opening. Histopathology of tumor revealed scattered stellate cells arranged singly or in clusters in loose mucinous ground substance, simulating myxoma. The cells obtained from tumor mass have been cultured for more than 36 months in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The population doubling time of this cell line was about 20.64 h. The cytogenetic analysis revealed several chromosomal abnormalities with bizarre karyotype. The origin of the cell line was confirmed by PCR amplification of 1086 bp fragment of 16s rRNA using bovine species specific primers. The new cell line would act as in vitro model to study many aspect of cancer biology such as tumor development, differentiation and therapeutics regimen to combat cancer.
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19
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Matsuda Y, Yoshimura H, Ueda J, Naito Z, Korc M, Ishiwata T. Nestin delineates pancreatic cancer stem cells in metastatic foci of NOD/Shi-scid IL2Rγ(null) (NOG) mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:674-85. [PMID: 24412093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a high incidence of hepatic metastases, as well as occasional pulmonary metastases. To delineate the potential role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in PDAC metastasis, human PDAC cells were injected into the spleen of mice. The characteristics and expression of markers associated with CSC and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of metastatic cells that developed in the liver and lung were then compared with parental cells. The metastatic cells were polygonal, and larger than parental cells. Metastatic cells also exhibited decreased proliferation and increased adhesion to extracellular matrices, as well as enhanced migration and invasion in vitro and increased metastatic capacity in vivo. The CSC markers ALDH1A1, ABCG2, and nestin were expressed at high levels in metastatic cells and exhibited changes consistent with EMT (eg, decreased E-cadherin expression). Moreover, metastatic cells readily formed spheres in culture and exhibited an increased side population by flow analysis. Nestin and ABCG2 were also expressed at high levels in metastatic lesions from PDAC patients, and silencing nestin with shRNA in PDAC cells derived from lung metastases resulted in a marked decrease in the capacity of the cells to form spheres and to yield pulmonary or hepatic metastases. Thus, the metastatic potential of human PDAC cells correlates with CSCs and with EMT characteristics and is dependent on nestin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Ueda
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Surgery for Organ and Biological Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Murray Korc
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Steube KG, Koelz AL, Uphoff CC, Drexler HG, Kluess J, Steinberg P. The necessity of identity assessment of animal intestinal cell lines: A case report. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:373-8. [PMID: 22193509 PMCID: PMC3397115 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight intestinal cell lines, established from different animal species were submitted to DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) in order to analyze their species of origin and their microbial contamination. Species identity was determined by PCR targeting mitochondrial genes and hence confirmed by sequencing the amplified PCR products. For three cell lines (CIEB, CLAB, PSI-1) we confirmed the species identity, whereas the species of origin of the three other cell lines (B6, B10XI and IPEC) was not the expected one: B6 and B10XI cells, which were supposed to be of chicken origin were identified as porcine cells. IPEC, allegedly a sub clone of the well-known porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2, was of bovine instead of porcine origin. However, two further IPEC-clones, namely IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2, provided by another source were shown to be derived from the correct species (i.e. pig). Furthermore, six out of these eight cell lines turned out to be highly contaminated with mycoplasma. Alerted by this high incidence of infected and false specified cell lines, we feel obliged to inform all those working with animal intestinal cell lines and we strongly recommend verifying the species identity before using them. Also, the presence of mycoplasma should be tested when taking the cells in culture for the first time, and this mycoplasma control should be repeated at regular time intervals (e.g. every 4 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus G Steube
- Leibniz-Institut, DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany,
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21
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Überprüfung der Spezies und Reinheit von Zelllinien mittels Multiplex-PCR. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-011-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Schlegel M, Ali HS, Stieger N, Groschup MH, Wolf R, Ulrich RG. Molecular identification of small mammal species using novel cytochrome B gene-derived degenerated primers. Biochem Genet 2011; 50:440-7. [PMID: 22193288 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schlegel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, OIE Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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23
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Alcoser SY, Kimmel DJ, Borgel SD, Carter JP, Dougherty KM, Hollingshead MG. Real-time PCR-based assay to quantify the relative amount of human and mouse tissue present in tumor xenografts. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:124. [PMID: 22176647 PMCID: PMC3281124 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xenograft samples used to test anti-cancer drug efficacies and toxicities in vivo contain an unknown mix of mouse and human cells. Evaluation of drug activity can be confounded by samples containing large amounts of contaminating mouse tissue. We have developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay using TaqMan technology to quantify the amount of mouse tissue that is incorporated into human xenograft samples. Results The forward and reverse primers bind to the same DNA sequence in the human and the mouse genome. Using a set of specially designed fluorescent probes provides species specificity. The linearity and sensitivity of the assay is evaluated using serial dilutions of single species and heterogeneous DNA mixtures. We examined many xenograft samples at various in vivo passages, finding a wide variety of human:mouse DNA ratios. This variation may be influenced by tumor type, number of serial passages in vivo, and even which part of the tumor was collected and used in the assay. Conclusions This novel assay provides an accurate quantitative assessment of human and mouse content in xenograft tumors. This assay can be performed on aberrantly behaving human xenografts, samples used in bioinformatics studies, and periodically for tumor tissue frequently grown by serial passage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Y Alcoser
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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24
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Cmarik JL, Troxler JA, Hanson CA, Zhang X, Ruscetti SK. The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line EKVX produces an infectious xenotropic murine leukemia virus. Viruses 2011; 3:2442-61. [PMID: 22355448 PMCID: PMC3280514 DOI: 10.3390/v3122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell lines of the NCI-60 panel represent different cancer types and have been widely utilized for drug screening and molecular target identification. Screening these cell lines for envelope proteins or gene sequences related to xenotropic murine leukemia viruses (X-MLVs) revealed that one cell line, EKVX, was a candidate for production of an infectious gammaretrovirus. The presence of a retrovirus infectious to human cells was confirmed by the cell-free transmission of infection to the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Amplification and sequencing of additional proviral sequences from EKVX confirmed a high degree of similarity to X-MLV. The cell line EKVX was established following passage of the original tumor cells through nude mice, providing a possible source of the X-MLV found in the EKVX cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Cmarik
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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25
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Species identification and authentification of human and rodent cell cultures using polymerase chain reaction analysis of vomeronasal receptor genes. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:553-8. [PMID: 21938467 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture and the use of cell lines are routinely used in basic scientific research. It is therefore imperative for researchers to ensure the origin of the cell lines used and that they are routinely re-analysed for contamination and misidentification. Inter-species contamination is relatively frequent, and the most commonly used cell lines are of human, mouse and rat derivation. We have developed simple species specific primer assays based on genomic sequence differences in vomeronasal receptor gene family members to discriminate between human, mouse and rat DNA using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, these PCR assays are able to identify the species composition within an inter-species mixed population. This approach therefore provides a valuable tool to enable a rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive determination of the authentication and contamination of cell cultures.
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26
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Ma J, Wang PW, Yao D, Wang YP, Yan W, Guan SC. Single-primer PCR correction: a strategy for false-positive exclusion. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:150-9. [PMID: 21308656 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology plays an important role in molecular biology research, but false-positive and nonspecific PCR amplification have plagued many researchers. Currently, research on the optimization of the PCR system focuses on double-primer-based PCR products. This research has shown that PCR amplification based on single-primer binding to the DNA template is an important contributing factor to obtaining false-positive results, fragment impurity, and nonspecific fragment amplification, when the PCR conditions are highly restricted during PCR-based target gene cloning, detection of transgenic plants, simple-sequence repeat marker-assisted selection, and mRNA differential display. Here, we compared single- and double-primer amplification and proposed "single-primer PCR correction"; improvements in PCR that eliminate interference caused by single-primer-based nonspecific PCR amplification were demonstrated and the precision and success rates of experiments were increased. Although for some kinds of experiments, the improvement effect of single-primer PCR correction was variable, the precision and success rate could be elevated at 12-50% in our experiment by this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Biotechnology Center of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
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27
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Estrada J, Li P, Mir B. Multiorgan engraftment of human somatic cells in swine foetuses after intra-blastocyst transplantation. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 46:630-5. [PMID: 21092066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adult human stem cells, mainly from hematopoietic lineage, have been injected into developing pre-immune animal foetuses, and xenogenic engraftment of liver and other organs has been reported. We isolated a rare cell population from adult human liver, fat and skin. Colonies with few cells became visible as early as 2-3 days, and a fully formed colony took 10-14 days to form. These colonies were named as liver-derived cell lines (LDCs), fat-derived cell lines (FDCs) and skin-derived cell lines (SDCs). All these cells express few pluripotency markers like Klf4, c-myc and Sox2. Pig blastocysts were injected with LDCs, FDCs and SDCs and transferred to recipient pigs. We achieved an overall pregnancy rate of 71.4% at day 35. The foetuses were analysed for human cell chimerism in liver, kidney and heart both by RT-PCR and real-time PCR using primers specific to human and pig mitochondrial DNA. The percentage of foetuses showing chimerism was 17.4% (4/23), 12.5% (2/16) and 11.1% (1/9) for LDCs, FDCs and SDCs, respectively. Of these, 42.9% (three out of seven) showed chimerism in liver and 71.4% (five out of seven) showed kidney chimerism. However, we did not detect any chimerism in the heart. The level of chimerism varied and was in the range of one human cell per one hundred thousand to one million pig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Estrada
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Tobe SS, Linacre A. DNA typing in wildlife crime: recent developments in species identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2010; 6:195-206. [PMID: 20526699 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-010-9168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Species identification has become a tool in the investigation of acts of alleged wildlife crimes. This review details the steps required in DNA testing in wildlife crime investigations and highlights recent developments where not only can individual species be identified within a mixture of species but multiple species can be identified simultaneously. 'What species is this?' is a question asked frequently in wildlife crime investigations. Depending on the material being examined, DNA analysis may offer the best opportunity to answer this question. Species testing requires the comparison of the DNA type from the unknown sample to DNA types on a database. The areas of DNA tested are on the mitochondria and include predominantly the cytochrome b gene and the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Standard analysis requires the sequencing of part of one of these genes and comparing the sequence to that held on a repository of DNA sequences such as the GenBank database. Much of the DNA sequence of either of these two genes is conserved with only parts being variable. A recent development is to target areas of those sequences that are specific to a species; this can increase the sensitivity of the test with no loss of specificity. The benefit of targeting species specific sequences is that within a mixture of two of more species, the individual species within the mixture can be identified. This identification would not be possible using standard sequencing. These new developments can lead to a greater number of samples being tested in alleged wildlife crimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanan S Tobe
- Centre for Forensic Science, Strathclyde University, WestCHEM, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Kim W, Kim S, Choi H, Truong ND, Thong LM, Kim JH, Xiao R, Park KK, Seo K, Lee H, Kim BS, Yoo MH, Park C. Discrimination of animal species using polymorphisms of the nuclear gene zinc finger protein 238. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2398-2402. [PMID: 20085280 DOI: 10.1021/jf9036968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We screened 3750 single exonic genes listed in the intronless genes in the eukaryotes (SEGE) database and performed bioinformatic analyses to identify candidate genes for new species-specific markers. A set of PCR primers for the conserved regions of ZNF238 was developed and used to amplify the 823 bp DNA fragment. We compared nucleotide variations of the PCR products among 20 species plus two subspecies of animals, which led to the identification of interspecies nucleotide variations. To establish a simple method for the analysis of species-specific DNA polymorphisms using ZNF238, we developed a PCR-RFLP method using HhaI and HpyCH4IV restriction enzymes for 13 species. For the remaining species, the direct sequencing of PCR products provided additional SNPs, enabling precise species classification. As a result, we report here that a new nuclear DNA marker, ZNF238, can be used to increase the accuracy of species identification among euteleostomi (bony vertebrates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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30
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Ramya R, Nagarajan T, Sivakumar V, Senthilkumar RL, Bala Obulapathi B, Thiagarajan D, Srinivasan VA. Identification of cross-contaminated animal cells by PCR and isoenzyme analysis. Cytotechnology 2009; 61:81-92. [PMID: 20130989 PMCID: PMC2825302 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cell lines have become very popular substrates for the production of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. Characterization of candidate production cell lines is central to ensure product safety and maintenance of consistency in the manufacture of biologicals. Nested PCR and isoenzyme analysis have been used widely to prove the identity and purity of various cell lines and primary cells individually and also after deliberate cross-contamination. The nested PCR based on the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) was found to be more sensitive than isoenzyme analysis in detecting low levels of contaminants (as low as 1%). Interestingly, competition between different co-cultured cell lines has shown in one case that cross-contamination need not always results in a mixed cell population. The nested PCR technique for the Cyt b gene described in this study appears to be a potential replacement for isoenzyme analysis and here we demonstrate the PCR method used is sensitive and reliable for cell line authentication in a simple, rapid and reliable format to help assure the authenticity of cell substrates for the production of safe vaccines and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ramya
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - T. Nagarajan
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - V. Sivakumar
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - R. L. Senthilkumar
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - B. Bala Obulapathi
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - D. Thiagarajan
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
| | - V. A. Srinivasan
- Research and Development Center, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032 India
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31
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Ivory identification by DNA profiling of cytochrome b gene. Int J Legal Med 2008; 123:117-21. [PMID: 18612647 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ivory can be visually identified in its native form as coming from an elephant species; however, determining from which of the three extant elephant species a section of ivory originates is more problematic. We report on a method that will identify and distinguish the protected and endangered elephant species, Elephas maximus or Loxodonta sp. To identify the species of elephant from ivory products, we developed three groups of nested PCR amplifications within the cytochrome b gene that generate amplification products using highly degraded DNA isolated from confiscated ivory samples dating from 1995. DNA from a total of 382 out of 453 ivory samples were successfully isolated and amplified leading to species identification. All sequences were searched against GenBank and found to match with E. maximus and Loxodonta sp. with at least 99% similarity. The samples that were tested came from eight Asian elephants, 14 African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis), and 360 African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana). This study demonstrates a high success rate in species identification of ivory by a nested PCR approach within the cytochrome b gene which provides the necessary information for the protection of endangered species conservation.
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32
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An alternative method to isoenzyme profile for cell line identification and interspecies cross-contaminations: cytochrome b PCR-RLFP analysis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:321-9. [PMID: 18594933 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the major risks in cell culture laboratories is the misidentification and cross-contamination of cell lines. Several methods have been used to authenticate cell lines, including isoenzyme profiling, the test suggested by European Farmacopeia, which is performed at the Tissue Culture Centre in Brescia. However, this method displays several disadvantages, such as high variability and low reproducibility, and it is time consuming and requires high cell concentrations to be performed. Therefore, an alternative method has been developed to confirm the specie of origin of 27 different animal cell cultures. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was optimized, based on the use of a pair of primers that anneal to a portion of the cytochrome b gene in all the species. The amplification product was digested with a panel of six restriction enzymes, and the pattern derived was resolved on 3% high-resolution agarose gel. For 23 species, this protocol produced a unique restriction pattern, and the origin of these animal cells resulted to be confirmed by this analysis. Furthermore, results indicate that cytochrome b PCR-RFLP was able to amplify target sequences using very low amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Its sensitivity in detecting interspecies, cross-contamination was comparable to that of isoenzyme analysis (contaminating DNA should represent at least 10% of the total DNA). For 4 of the 27 species (sheep, dog, Guinea pig, and Rhesus monkey) the observed pattern, even if highly reproducible, showed additional bands; for these species, specific PCR was also performed.
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Liu M, Liu H, Tang X, Vafai A. Rapid identification and authentication of closely related animal cell culture by polymerase chain reaction. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:224-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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