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Ma L, Gong Q, Chen Y, Luo P, Chen J, Shi C. Targeting positive cofactor 4 induces autophagic cell death in MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:42-57.e4. [PMID: 36642374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the refractory lymphomas. Currently, the pathogenesis of MYC-expressing DLBCL is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective therapy. We characterized positive cofactor 4 (PC4) as an upstream regulator of c-Myc, and PC4 is overexpressed in DLBCL and is closely related to clinical staging, prognosis, and c-Myc expression. Furthermore, our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that PC4 knockdown can induce autophagic cell death and enhance the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Inhibition of c-Myc-mediated aerobic glycolysis and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway are responsible for the autophagic cell death induced by PC4 knockdown in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay assays, we also found that PC4 exerts its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters. To sum up, our study provides novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of PC4 in MYC-expressing DLBCL and suggests that PC4 may be a promising therapeutic target for MYC-expressing DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Ma L, Gong Q, Liu G, Chen J, Wang Y, luo P, Shi C. Positive Cofactor 4 as a Potential Radiation Biodosimeter for Early Assessment. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221081317. [PMID: 35221823 PMCID: PMC8874181 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During a major radiation event, a large number of people need to be rapidly assessed for radiation damage to ensure effective medical treatment and efficient use of medical resources. However, current techniques cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of large quantities of samples in an emergency. It is essential to develop rapid and accurate radiation biodosimeters in peripheral blood. Here, we identified radiation sensitive genes in mice by RNA sequencing and evaluated their utility as radiation biodosimeters in human cell lines. Mice were subjected to gamma-irradiation with different doses (0–8 Gy, .85 Gy/min), and the tail venous blood was analyzed by RNA sequencing. We have identified 5 genes with significantly differential expression after radiation exposure. We found that positive cofactor 4(PC4) had well correlation with radiation dose in human lymphoblastoid cell line after irradiation. The relative expression of PC4 gene showed a good linear correlation with the radiation dose after 1–5 Gy irradiation (.85 Gy/min). PC4 gene can be rapidly recruited to the DNA damage sites faster than γ-H2AX after radiation in immunofluorescence detection. In conclusion, PC4 may be represented as new radiation biological dosimeter for early assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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3
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Liao F, Chen L, Luo P, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wang Y, He J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu L, Huang Y, Wang H, Jiang Q, Luo M, Gan Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Xie W, Cheng Z, Dai Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yang F, Shi C. PC4 serves as a negative regulator of skin wound healing in mice. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa010. [PMID: 32373645 PMCID: PMC7198317 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) was initially characterized as a multifunctional transcriptional cofactor, but its role in skin wound healing is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of PC4 in skin wound healing through PC4 knock-in mouse model. Methods A PC4 knock-in mouse model (PC4+/+) with a dorsal full-thickness wound was used to investigate the biological functions of PC4 in skin wound healing. Quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the expression of PC4; Sirius red staining and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the change of collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Proliferation and apoptosis were detected using Ki67 staining and TUNEL assay. Primary dermal fibroblasts were isolated from mouse skin to perform cell scratch experiments, cck-8 assay and colony formation assay. Results The PC4+/+ mice were fertile and did not display overt abnormalities but showed an obvious delay in cutaneous healing of dorsal skin. Histological staining showed insufficient re-epithelialization, decreased angiogenesis and collagen deposition, increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in PC4+/+ skin. Our data also showed decreased migration rate and proliferation ability in cultured primary fibroblasts from PC4+/+ mice in vitro. Conclusions This study suggests that PC4 might serve as a negative regulator of skin wound healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jintao He
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wentao Xie
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yali Dai
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jialun Li
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zujuan Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Luo P, Tan X, Luo S, Wang Z, Long L, Wang Y, Liao F, Chen L, Zhang C, He J, Huang Y, Liu Z, Gan Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi C. An NIR‐Fluorophore‐Based Inhibitor of SOD1 Induces Apoptosis by Targeting Transcription Cofactor PC4. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Fengying Liao
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jintao He
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Zujuan Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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Transcriptional positive cofactor 4 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through c-Myc mediated Warburg effect. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:36. [PMID: 30992017 PMCID: PMC6469038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is initially identified as a transcriptional cofactor and has an important role in embryonic development and malignant transformation. However, the clinical significance and the molecular mechanisms of PC4 in breast cancer development and progression are still unknown. Methods We investigated PC4 expression in 114 cases of primary breast cancer and matched normal breast tissue specimens, and studied the impact of PC4 expression as well as the molecular mechanisms of this altered expression on breast cancer growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Results PC4 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer and high PC4 expression was positively correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the gene sets of cell proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were positively correlated with elevated PC4 expression. Consistently, loss of PC4 markedly inhibited the growth and metastasis of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PC4 exerted its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters and inducing Warburg effect. Conclusions Our study reveals for the first time that PC4 promotes breast cancer progression by directly regulating c-Myc transcription to promote Warburg effect, implying a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hu X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Hong CS, Chen W, Shen W, Wang H, He J, Chen P, Zhou Y, Shi C, Chu T. Down regulation of human positive coactivator 4 suppress tumorigenesis and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53210-53225. [PMID: 28881805 PMCID: PMC5581104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary malignant bone tumor with the highest incidence and an extraordinarily poor prognosis and early pulmonary metastasis formation as a frequent occurrence. Transcriptional positive coactivator 4 (PC4) has multiple functions in DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin organization, even in tumorigenesis. However, the precise function of PC4 in osteosarcoma is still unclear and controversial. In this paper we found PC4 was upregulated in patient-derived osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal. Moreover, higher expression of PC4 was correlated with poorer overall survival and advanced clinicopathological tumor staging. Down regulation of PC4 in the highly metastatic osteosarcoma cells reduced the malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Analyzing the downstream genes affected obviously by shPC4 with RNA sequencing, we found knocking down PC4 will inhibit the propensity for lung metastasis through transcriptional suppression of MMPs pathways. Taken together, PC4 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma, especially in preventing lung metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Christopher S Hong
- The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wugui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tongwei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Shi C. Therapeutic Implications of Newly Identified Stem Cell Populations From the Skin Dermis. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1405-22. [PMID: 24972091 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ of the body, is a promising reservoir for adult stem cells. The epidermal stem cells and hair follicle stem cells have been well studied for their important roles in homeostasis, regeneration, and repair of the epidermis and appendages for decades. However, stem cells residing in dermis were not identified until the year 2001, when a variety of stem cell subpopulations have been isolated and identified from the dermis of mammalian skin such as neural crest stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell-like dermal stem cells, and dermal hematopoietic cells. These stem cell subpopulations exhibited capabilities of self-renewing, multipotent differentiating, and immunosuppressive properties. Hence, the dermis-derived stem cells showed extensive potential applications in regenerative medicine, especially for wound healing/tissue repair, neural repair, and hematopoietic recovery. Here we summarized current research on the stem cell subpopulations derived from the dermis and aimed to provide a comprehensive review on their isolation, specific markers, differentiation capacity, and the functional activities in homeostasis, regeneration, and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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A synthetic cantharidin analog for the enhancement of doxorubicin suppression of stem cell-derived aggressive sarcoma. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Cancer stem cells in breast cancer and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 118:241-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Beta2-microglobulin: emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 2008; 14:25-30. [PMID: 19056512 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-microglobulin, a MHC class I subunit, is found to act similarly to a prototypical oncogenic factor capable of stimulating growth and progression of various cancers and plays a key regulatory role in stimulating cancer bone metastasis. Free beta2M in serum or urine has been regarded as an independent biomarker in several cancers. Specific antibodies to beta2M have remarkable tumoricidal activity for both solid tumors and blood malignancies and are shown to be selective to tumor cells, but caused no toxicity in normal cells. These surprising data strongly suggest that beta2M is a promising new therapeutic target for human cancers.
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PC4, a novel marker for stem cell transformation and cancer progression. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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