1
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Yang CJ, Chang HC, Sung PC, Ge MC, Tang HY, Cheng ML, Cheng HT, Chou HH, Lin CY, Lin WR, Lee YS, Hsieh SY. Oral fecal transplantation enriches Lachnospiraceae and butyrate to mitigate acute liver injury. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113591. [PMID: 38153838 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promise in treating human diseases, oral capsule FMT is more accepted and accessible to patients. However, microbe selection in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) through oral administration remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that short-term oral fecal gavage (OFG) alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (AILI) in mice, regardless of the divergent effects of commensal gut microbes. Pasteurized fecal gavage yields similar therapeutic effects. OFG enriches gut Lachnospiraceae and butyrate compared to donor feces. Butyrate mitigates AILI-induced ferroptosis via AMPK-ULK1-p62 signaling to simultaneously induce mitophagy and Nrf2 antioxidant responses. Combined N-acetylcysteine and butyrate administration significantly improves AILI mouse survival rates. These observations indicate the significance of the UGIT in modulating the implanted fecal microbes through oral administration and its potential biological and clinical impacts. Our findings also highlight a possible strategy for applying microbial metabolites to treat acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Cheng Sung
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Cheng Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan; Devision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan; Grandulate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hsue Chou
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou 333, Taiwan; Grandulate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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2
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Chen YC, Liu YJ, Lee CL, Pham KY, Manoharan D, Thangudu S, Su CH, Yeh CS. Engineering H 2 O 2 and O 2 Self-Supplying Nanoreactor to Conduct Synergistic Chemiexcited Photodynamic and Calcium-Overloaded Therapy in Orthotopic Hepatic Tumors. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201613. [PMID: 35879269 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is traditionally ineffective for deeply embedded tumors due to the poor penetration depth of the excitation light. Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) has emerged as a promising mode of PDT without external light. To date, related research has frequently used endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) inside the solid tumor microenvironment to trigger CRET-mediated PDT. Unfortunately, this significantly restricts treatment efficacy and the development of further biomedical applications because of the limited amounts of endogenous H2 O2 and O2 . Herein, a nanohybrid (mSiO2 /CaO2 /CPPO/Ce6: mSCCC) nanoparticle (NP) is designed to achieve synergistic CRET-mediated PDT and calcium (Ca2+ )-overload-mediated therapy. The calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) formed inside mesoporous SiO2 (mSC) with the inclusion of the chemiluminescent agent (CPPO) and photosensitizer (Ce6) self-supplies H2 O2 , O2 , and Ca2+ allowing for the subsequent treatments. The Ce6 in mSCCC NPs is excited by chemical energy in situ following the supply of H2 O2 and O2 to produce singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). The nanohybrid NPs are coated with stearic acid to avoid decomposition during blood circulation through contact with aqueous environment. This nanohybrid shows promising performance in the generation of 1 O2 for external light-free PDT and the release of Ca2+ ions for Ca2+ -overloaded therapy against orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Khang-Yen Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, 530000, Vietnam
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Suresh Thangudu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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3
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Romualdo GR, Leroy K, Costa CJS, Prata GB, Vanderborght B, da Silva TC, Barbisan LF, Andraus W, Devisscher L, Câmara NOS, Vinken M, Cogliati B. In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5583. [PMID: 34771745 PMCID: PMC8582701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies according to the etiology, mainly caused by chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, chronic alcohol consumption, aflatoxin-contaminated food, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. The establishment of HCC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and unravel new molecular drivers of this disease. The ideal model should recapitulate key events observed during hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be translated into clinical practice. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to liver cancer research, only a few anti-HCC drugs are available, and patient prognosis and survival are still poor. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used for translational modeling of HCC with a specific focus on their key molecular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
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4
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Establishment and characterization of immortalized porcine neonatal hepatocytes without the use of viral components. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 56:75-84. [PMID: 31845076 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine hepatocytes are a promising option for xenotransplantation in light of the critical shortage of orthotopic donor livers. Because primary hepatocytes have limited ability to proliferate in vitro, several immortalized hepatocyte lines have been established. However, these cells have typically been generated using a virus-dependent transfection methodology and express viral oncogenes that introduce potential risks in clinical applications. In our study, we established immortalized porcine neonatal hepatocytes by introduction of a plasmid-based hTERT gene expression system by electroporation, without the use of viral components. We detected stable expression of hTERT by RT-PCR and Western blot. The immortalized hepatocytes exhibit a high growth rate, but retain the normal morphology of freshly isolated primary hepatocytes. To date, these immortalized hepatocytes have been expanded for over 80 passages. In addition, no significant differences were detected in glycogen synthesis, secretion of serum albumin, or lipid accumulation between the primary hepatocytes and our immortalized hepatocytes. The cells also exhibit serum-dependent growth and have no capacity for anchorage-independent growth in vitro, demonstrating that they have not been transformed in vitro. Our immortalized porcine hepatocytes will be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of liver disease and developing efficient treatments. Furthermore, these immortalized hepatocytes may provide a safer source of cells for application in xenotransplantation, compared with immortalized cells generated using viral components.
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5
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Pongjantarasatian S, Kadegasem P, Sasanakul W, Sa-ngiamsuntorn K, Borwornpinyo S, Sirachainan N, Chuansumrit A, Tanratana P, Hongeng S. Coagulant activity of recombinant human factor VII produced by lentiviral human F7 gene transfer in immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220825. [PMID: 31381603 PMCID: PMC6681952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, indicating that these cells may be the new target cell of interest to produce biopharmaceuticals. Our group recently established a hMSC-derived immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) that demonstrates several liver-specific phenotypes. However, the ability of imHC to produce coagulation factors has not been characterized. Here, we examined the potential for imHC as a source of coagulation protein production by investigating the ability of imHC to produce human factor VII (FVII) using a lentiviral transduction system. Our results showed that imHC secreted a low amount of FVII (~22 ng/mL) into culture supernatant. Moreover, FVII from the transduced imHC (0.11 ± 0.005 IU/mL) demonstrated a similar coagulant activity compared with FVII from transduced HEK293T cells (0.12 ± 0.004 IU/mL) as determined by chromogenic assay. We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that imHC produced FVII, albeit at a low level, indicating the unique characteristic of hepatocytes. Our study suggests the possibility of using imHC for the production of coagulation proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praguywan Kadegasem
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Werasak Sasanakul
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pansakorn Tanratana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Sato M, Saitoh I, Inada E, Nakamura S, Watanabe S. Potential for Isolation of Immortalized Hepatocyte Cell Lines by Liver-Directed In Vivo Gene Delivery of Transposons in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5129526. [PMID: 31281376 PMCID: PMC6589260 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5129526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of hepatocytes and their culture in vitro represent important avenues to explore the function of such cells. However, these studies are often difficult to perform because of the inability of hepatocytes to proliferate in vitro. Immortalization of isolated hepatocytes is thus an important step toward continuous in vitro culture. For cellular immortalization, integration of relevant genes into the host chromosomes is a prerequisite. Transposons, which are mobile genetic elements, are known to facilitate integration of genes of interest (GOI) into chromosomes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we proposed that a combination of transposon- and liver-directed introduction of nucleic acids may confer acquisition of unlimited cellular proliferative potential on hepatocytes, enabling the possible isolation of immortalized hepatocyte cell lines, which has often failed using more traditional immortalization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Unit, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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7
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Gleich A, Kaiser B, Honscha W, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. Evaluation of the hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 as an in vitro model for bovine biotransformation. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:231-244. [PMID: 30617848 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) in cattle is rather limited. The capability of the bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 to serve as model for biotransformation was evaluated. Gene expression analysis of DMEs was performed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The presence of efflux transporters was visualised by immunocytochemistry, and functional induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A was assessed by the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The production of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RT-PCR revealed the expression of cytochromes 1A1, 1A2, 3A4 and phase II enzymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and GSTM1. Immunofluorescence demonstrated efflux transporters ABCG2 and ABCC1. The EROD assay revealed a dose-dependent CYP1A induction after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). LC-MS/MS analysis of cell culture supernatants showed the production of bile acids including taurocholic acid, tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid. The results strongly suggest the applicability of the cell line BFH12 for subsequent experiments in the emerging field of bovine biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gleich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Kaiser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Yin B, Song Q, Chen L, Li X, Han Y, Wang X, Dai J, Sun X. Establishment of an immortalized intestinal epithelial cell line from tree shrews by lentivirus-mediated hTERT gene transduction. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:107-116. [PMID: 30603916 PMCID: PMC6368523 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has an average lifespan of 4–5 days. Normally, primary intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured for about 15 days in vitro. The aim of this study was to explore methods to isolate and immortalize intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of tree shrews in order to establish a new resource of experimental material and to provide a cell model for drug development and infection mechanism research. Tissue from the small intestine of tree shrews was digested with collagenase XI, neutral protease I, and dithiothreitol. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) was transferred into tree shrew IECs using the pHBLV-CMVIE-ZsGreen-Puro vector. The level of hTERT mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to detect biochemical markers of IECs. The micromorphology of cells was observed with electron microscopy. We then conducted experiments to assess proliferative activity and analyze the karyotype of isolated cells. The results showed the immortalized cell line that we established and screened, maintained the characteristics and biochemical markers of primary IECs. Our results showed that the cell line we established can be considered an alternative cell model for intestinal drug research and for studies on intestinal infection and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yin
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Qingkai Song
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China.
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9
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Li TN, Wu YJ, Tsai HW, Sun CP, Wu YH, Wu HL, Pei YN, Lu KY, Yen TTC, Chang CW, Chan HL, Tao MH, Liou JY, Chang MDT, Su IJ, Wang LHC. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus large surface antigen induces hepatocyte hyperploidy via failure of cytokinesis. J Pathol 2018; 245:502-513. [PMID: 29862509 DOI: 10.1002/path.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an aetiological factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite current antiviral therapies that successfully reduce the viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B, persistent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remains a risk factor for HCC. To explore whether intrahepatic viral antigens contribute directly to hepatocarcinogenesis, we monitored the mitotic progression of HBV-positive cells. Cytokinesis failure was increased in HBV-positive HepG2.2.15 and 1.3ES2 cells, as well as in HuH-7 cells transfected with a wild-type or X-deficient HBV construct, but not in cells transfected with an HBsAg-deficient construct. We show that expression of viral large surface antigen (LHBS) was sufficient to induce cytokinesis failure of immortalized hepatocytes. Premitotic defects with DNA damage and G2 /M checkpoint attenuation preceded cytokinesis in LHBS-positive cells, and ultimately resulted in hyperploidy. Inhibition of polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) not only restored the G2 /M checkpoint in these cells, but also suppressed LHBS-mediated in vivo tumourigenesis. Finally, a positive correlation between intrahepatic LHBS expression and hepatocyte hyperploidy was detected in >70% of patients with chronic hepatitis B. We conclude that HBV LHBS provokes hyperploidy by inducing DNA damage and upregulation of Plk1; the former results in atypical chromatin structures, and the latter attenuates the function of the G2 /M DNA damage checkpoint. Our data uncover a mechanism by which genomic integrity of hepatocytes is disrupted by viral LHBS. These findings highlight the role of intrahepatic surface antigen as an oncogenic risk factor in the development of HCC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cytokinesis
- DNA Damage
- Disease Models, Animal
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/genetics
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/metabolism
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Hepatocytes/transplantation
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Marmota
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ploidies
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Hepatitis Research Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Pei
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tim Ting-Chung Yen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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10
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The fate of hepatocyte cell line derived from a liver injury model with long-term in vitro passage. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Yen TTC, Yang A, Chiu WT, Li TN, Wang LH, Wu YH, Wang HC, Chen L, Wang WC, Huang W, Chang CW, Chang MDT, Shen MR, Su IJ, Wang LHC. Hepatitis B virus PreS2-mutant large surface antigen activates store-operated calcium entry and promotes chromosome instability. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23346-60. [PMID: 26992221 PMCID: PMC5029631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, and two viral products, X and large surface antigen (LHBS), are viral oncoproteins. During chronic viral infection, immune-escape mutants on the preS2 region of LHBS (preS2-LHBS) are gain-of-function mutations that are linked to preneoplastic ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) and early disease onset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we show that preS2-LHBS provoked calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and triggered stored-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The activation of SOCE increased ER and plasma membrane (PM) connections, which was linked by ER- resident stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) protein and PM-resident calcium release- activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1). Persistent activation of SOCE induced centrosome overduplication, aberrant multipolar division, chromosome aneuploidy, anchorage-independent growth, and xenograft tumorigenesis in hepatocytes expressing preS2- LHBS. Chemical inhibitions of SOCE machinery and silencing of STIM1 significantly reduced centrosome numbers, multipolar division, and xenograft tumorigenesis induced by preS2-LHBS. These results provide the first mechanistic link between calcium homeostasis and chromosome instability in hepatocytes carrying preS2-LHBS. Therefore, persistent activation of SOCE represents a novel pathological mechanism in HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ting-Chung Yen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Anderson Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lyu-Han Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei 22180, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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12
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Wang LH, Yen CJ, Li TN, Elowe S, Wang WC, Wang LHC. Sgo1 is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2023-33. [PMID: 25638162 PMCID: PMC4385833 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shugoshin-like protein 1 (Sgo1) is an essential protein in mitosis; it protects sister chromatid cohesion and thereby ensures the fidelity of chromosome separation. We found that the expression of Sgo1 mRNA was relatively low in normal tissues, but was upregulated in 82% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and correlated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein and early disease onset of HCC. The depletion of Sgo1 reduced cell viability of hepatoma cell lines including HuH7, HepG2, Hep3B, and HepaRG. Using time-lapse microscopy, we showed that hepatoma cells were delayed and ultimately die in mitosis in the absence of Sgo1. In contrast, cell viability and mitotic progression of immortalized cells were not significantly affected. Notably, mitotic cell death induced upon Sgo1 depletion was suppressed upon inhibitions of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 and Aurora kinase-B, or the depletion of mitotic arrest deficient-2. Thus, mitotic cell death induced upon Sgo1 depletion in hepatoma cells is mediated by persistent activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Together, these results highlight the essential role of Sgo1 in the maintenance of a proper mitotic progression in hepatoma cells and suggest that Sgo1 is a promising oncotarget for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu-Han Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Université Laval, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Reproduction, Perinatal Health, and Infant Health, Québec, Canada
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Ramboer E, De Craene B, De Kock J, Berx G, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M. Development and characterization of a new human hepatic cell line. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:875-89. [PMID: 26869867 PMCID: PMC4747020 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand and hampered use of primary human hepatocytes for research purposes have urged scientists to search for alternative cell sources, such as immortalized hepatic cell lines. The aim of this study was to develop a human hepatic cell line using the combined overexpression of TERT and the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and mutant isoform CDK4R24C. Following transduction of adult human primary hepatocytes with the selected immortalization genes, cell growth was triggered and a cell line was established. When cultured under appropriate conditions, the cell line expressed several hepatocytic markers and liver-enriched transcription factors at the transcriptional and/or translational level, secreted liver-specific proteins and showed glycogen deposition. These results suggest that the immortalization strategy applied to primary human hepatocytes could generate a novel hepatic cell line that seems to retain some key hepatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramboer
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology research group, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joey De Kock
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology research group, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology research group, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology research group, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology research group, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
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14
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Sakamoto A, Hino S, Nagaoka K, Anan K, Takase R, Matsumori H, Ojima H, Kanai Y, Arita K, Nakao M. Lysine Demethylase LSD1 Coordinates Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1445-56. [PMID: 25649769 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of most cancer cells is the metabolic shift from mitochondrial to glycolytic metabolism for adapting to the surrounding environment. Although epigenetic modification is intimately linked to cancer, the molecular mechanism, by which epigenetic factors regulate cancer metabolism, is poorly understood. Here, we show that lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1, KDM1A) has an essential role in maintaining the metabolic shift in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Inhibition of LSD1 reduced glucose uptake and glycolytic activity, with a concurrent activation of mitochondrial respiration. These metabolic changes coexisted with the inactivation of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, resulting in a decreased expression of GLUT1 and glycolytic enzymes. In contrast, during LSD1 inhibition, a set of mitochondrial metabolism genes was activated with the concomitant increase of methylated histone H3 at lysine 4 in the promoter regions. Consistently, both LSD1 and GLUT1 were significantly overexpressed in carcinoma tissues. These findings demonstrate the epigenetic plasticity of cancer cell metabolism, which involves an LSD1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Anan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takase
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Matsumori
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Ramboer E, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Vinken M. Immortalized Human Hepatic Cell Lines for In Vitro Testing and Research Purposes. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1250:53-76. [PMID: 26272134 PMCID: PMC4579543 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2074-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous shortage of primary human hepatocytes has urged the scientific community to search for alternative cell sources, such as immortalized hepatic cell lines. Over the years, several human hepatic cell lines have been produced, whether or not using a combination of viral oncogenes and human telomerase reverse transcriptase protein. Conditional approaches for hepatocyte immortalization have also been established and allow generation of growth-controlled cell lines. A variety of immortalized human hepatocytes have already proven useful as tools for liver-based in vitro testing and fundamental research purposes. The present chapter describes currently applied immortalization strategies and provides an overview of the actually available immortalized human hepatic cell lines and their in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramboer
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium,
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16
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Chen YC, Chiu WT, Chen JC, Chang CS, Hui-Ching Wang L, Lin HP, Chang HC. The photothermal effect of silica–carbon hollow sphere–concanavalin A on liver cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2447-2454. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We used silica–carbon hollow spheres (SCHSs) as material for thermal production under NIR laser irradiation. Concanavalin A (ConA), a lectin, was applied to enhance binding on the cell surface of liver cancer cells. We demonstrated that ConA conjugated SCHSs killed liver cancer cells efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sheng Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Technology Research
| | - Hsien-Chang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 70101
- Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center
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17
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Eva R, Bram DC, Joery DK, Tamara V, Geert B, Vera R, Mathieu V. Strategies for immortalization of primary hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2014; 61:925-43. [PMID: 24911463 PMCID: PMC4169710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver has the unique capacity to regenerate in response to a damaging event. Liver regeneration is hereby largely driven by hepatocyte proliferation, which in turn relies on cell cycling. The hepatocyte cell cycle is a complex process that is tightly regulated by several well-established mechanisms. In vitro, isolated hepatocytes do not longer retain this proliferative capacity. However, in vitro cell growth can be boosted by immortalization of hepatocytes. Well-defined immortalization genes can be artificially overexpressed in hepatocytes or the cells can be conditionally immortalized leading to controlled cell proliferation. This paper discusses the current immortalization techniques and provides a state-of-the-art overview of the actually available immortalized hepatocyte-derived cell lines and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramboer Eva
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - De Craene Bram
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - De Kock Joery
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Vanhaecke Tamara
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Berx Geert
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rogiers Vera
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Vinken Mathieu
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
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18
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Gene expression pattern of insect fat body cells from in vitro challenge to cell line establishment. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:952-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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20
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Higher-order chromatin regulation and differential gene expression in the human tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin locus in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:1529-41. [PMID: 22354988 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06478-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional context of endogenous chromosomal regions may contribute to the regulation of gene clusters by influencing interactions between transcriptional regulatory elements. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling on spatiotemporal enhancer-promoter interactions in the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/lymphotoxin (LT) gene locus, mediated by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-dependent chromatin insulators. The cytokine genes LTα, TNF, and LTβ are differentially regulated by NF-κB signaling in inflammatory and oncogenic responses. We identified at least four CTCF-enriched sites with enhancer-blocking activities and a TNF-responsive TE2 enhancer in the TNF/LT locus. One of the CTCF-enriched sites is located between the early-inducible LTα/TNF promoters and the late-inducible LTβ promoter. Depletion of CTCF reduced TNF expression and accelerated LTβ induction. After TNF stimulation, via intrachromosomal dynamics, these insulators mediated interactions between the enhancer and the LTα/TNF promoters, followed by interaction with the LTβ promoter. These results suggest that insulators mediate the spatiotemporal control of enhancer-promoter associations in the TNF/LT gene cluster.
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21
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Qu Y, Duan Z, Zhao F, Wei D, Zhang J, Tang B, Li J, Yang C, Mu D. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Upregulation Attenuates Astrocyte Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Survival in the Hypoxic–Ischemic Rat Brain. Stroke 2011; 42:3542-50. [PMID: 21940960 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.626325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is tightly related to the resistance of cells to stress and injury. However, little is known about the roles of TERT in the nervous system. We try to investigate the effects of TERT on the function of astrocytes in developing rat brains subjected to hypoxia–ischemia.
Methods—
TERT expression was detected in rat brains with hypoxia–ischemia. In in vitro study, the function of astrocytes with TERT overexpression was measured, and the effects of astrocyte on neuronal apoptosis were examined. Moreover, overexpression or inhibition of TERT was conducted in vivo by gene transduction. Astrocyte proliferation was examined through Ki67 staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and brain infarct volume calculation were used to detect neuronal injury.
Results—
Both TERT mRNA and protein were upregulated in neurons within 2 days but shifted to astrocytes at Day 3 after hypoxia–ischemia. Astrocyte proliferation was inhibited with TERT overexpression due to the upregulation of cell-cycle regulatory protein p15. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of neurons increased, whereas neurons were cocultured with conditioned media from astrocytes with TERT inhibition compared with TERT overexpression due to the decrease of neurotrophin-3 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Ki67-positive astrocytes and neuronal injury were found to be inhibited in TERT-overexpressing rat brains with hypoxia–ischemia.
Conclusions—
TERT attenuates astrocyte proliferation and promotes neuronal survival in the developing rat brain after hypoxia–ischemia, partly through its enhancement of p15 and neurotrophin-3 expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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