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Zhao Y, Liu H, Fan M, Miao Y, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. G protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates cell proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells via MEK/ERK&PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2027-2037. [PMID: 35659445 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2083708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland of mammals possesses the specific function of synthesizing, secreting, and delivering milk. Notably, mammary epithelial cells are considered to be central to control the expansion and remodeling of mammary gland into a milk-secretory organ. And the biological function of mammary gland is mainly regulated by the endocrine system, especially for estrogen. G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen membrane receptor, mediates estrogen-induced functions of physiology and pathophysiology. However, the relationship between estrogen/GPR30 signaling and proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells (gMECs) is still unclear. Herein, estrogen promoted cell proliferation than control, as evidence by upregulation of cell numbers, BrdU-positive cell counts, and cell viability. Of note, these activities were all obviously reduced by treatment with GPR30 antagonist G15, yet GPR30 agonist G1 increased cell proliferation than control. Further, GPR30 silencing inhibited cell proliferation than negative control. This inhibition was accompanied by a G2/M phase arrest and downregulation of cell cycle regulators. Meanwhile, estrogen increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Further, the protein level of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT was enhanced by GPR30 agonist G1 but inhibited by GPR30 antagonist G15 and GPR30 silencing. Importantly, MEK inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor decreased the expression of cell cycle regulators, and repressed estrogen-induced and G1-driven promotion of cell proliferation, suggesting that estrogen regulated cell proliferation of gMECs through mechanisms involving cell cycle, dependent of GPR30 and MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This may provide a strong theoretical basis for researching estrogen sustained-release drugs promoting breast development and improving lactation performance.Abbreviations: gMECs, goat mammary epithelial cells; E2, 17β-estradiol; GPR30, G protein-coupled receptor 30; shRNA, small hairpin RNA; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, proteinkinase B; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zhao Y, Meng K, Yan Y, Miao Y, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. Inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of acinus-like structure formation from goat mammary epithelial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:676-684. [PMID: 34312803 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells have been suggested to be central to control the expansion and remodeling of mammary gland. Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates cell fate in animals throughout their life span, and represents indispensable roles in tissue homeostasis, cell renewal, and regeneration in organs. Here, we utilized the small molecule 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and investigated whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulated the proliferation and acinus-like structure formation of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). We showed that isolated GMECs displayed the typical epithelial cobblestone morphology and expressed specific markers of mammary epithelial cells. BIO inhibited the proliferation of GMECs and decreased the expression of proliferation marker c-myc and cell cycle protein cyclin D1. However, the ability of GMECs to form spheroids was accelerated, and the level of E-cadherin mRNA was upregulated with BIO treatment. E-cadherin showed a bright cytomembrane with DMSO treatment, yet E-cadherin was present in cytomembrane and cytoplasm in GMECs with BIO treatment. Meanwhile, BIO increased the protein level of β-catenin and enhanced the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus in GMECs. Furthermore, the mRNA level of Axin2 was also upregulated. This study suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may play an important role in the proliferation and the acinus-like formation of GMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yutong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao Y, Yang Z, Miao Y, Fan M, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of goat mammary epithelial cells via NF-κB signalling pathway. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1137-1144. [PMID: 34021926 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most frequent clinical diseases in dairy animals. Epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promote the process of mastitis. Oestrogen deficiency is disadvantaged of many tissue inflammation and regeneration, while exogenous oestrogen treatment can reverse these effects. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a membrane estrogen receptor. However, the potential effects of oestrogen via GPER1 on EMT in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are still unclear. Here, this study discovered that the activation of GPER1 by oestrogen could inhibit the EMT in GMECs via NF-κB signalling pathway. The activation of GPER1 by oestrogen inhibited the EMT accompanied by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of transcription factors including Snail1 and ZEB1 was decreased. Further, like to oestrogen, GPER1 agonist G1 repressed the EMT progression. Conversely, GPER1 antagonist G15 reversed all these features induced by oestrogen. What's more, GPER1 silencing with shRNA promoted GMECs undergoing EMT. Additionally, oestrogen increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, which then decreased the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway activity. Taken, GPER1 may act as a suppressor through the regulation of EMT to prevent the development of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenshan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Xu P, Fotina H, Fotina T, Wang S. In vitro culture and evaluation of bovine mammary epithelial cells from Ukraine dairy cows. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:65-71. [PMID: 34149858 PMCID: PMC8195298 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2020.37714.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) have been widely-used over the years as models to understand the physiological function of mammary disease. AIMS This study aimed to establish a culture system and elucidate the unique characteristics of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) from the milk of Ukraine Holstein dairy cows in order to develop a general in vitro model. METHODS The milk from a three-year-old lactating dairy cow was used as a source of the epithelial cell, characteristics of BMECs were examined using real time cell assay (RTCA), immunocytochemistry (ICC), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot (WB). RESULTS The results showed that BMECs can be recovered from milk, grown in culture, and exhibit the characteristic cobblestone morphology of epithelial cells. CONCLUSION The established BMECs retained MEC characteristics and secreted β-caseins even when grew on plastic substratum. Thus, the established cell line had normal morphology, growth characteristics, as well as secretory characteristics, and it could be considered as a model system and useful tool for understanding the biology of dairy cow mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Xu
- Department of Veterinary Expertise, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 453003 Xinxiang, China
- Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Animals’ Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40021 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, 453003 Xinxiang, China
| | - H. Fotina
- Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Animals’ Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40021 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - T. Fotina
- Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Animals’ Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40021 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Veterinary Expertise, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 453003 Xinxiang, China
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Xu W, Chen Q, Jia Y, Deng J, Jiang S, Qin G, Qiu Q, Wang X, Yang X, Jiang H. Isolation, characterization, and SREBP1 functional analysis of mammary epithelial cell in buffalo. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12997. [PMID: 31373025 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Compared to cow milk, buffalo milk contains more protein, fat, and vitamin. Buffalo milk is an ideal food in human life. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), an important transcription factor, regulates the expression and activity of enzyme and protein involved in milk fat synthesis to influence on the synthesis and secretion of triglyceride in mammary epithelial cells. In the present study, we successfully isolated buffalo mammary epithelial cell by using enzymatic digestion, and then described the growth characteristics and expression characteristics of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, we cloned the SREBP1 gene from total RNA isolated from milk fat globule and analyzed the function of the SREBP1 gene. After infected with shRNA-SREBP1 lentiviral particle and treated with fatty acid, the expression trend of ACACA, FABP3, FAS, SCD, ERK1, ERK2, PPARy, and Insigl genes was consistent with the expression trend of SREBP1 gene. These results suggested that SREBP1 gene is a central transcription factor in regulating milk fat synthesis and SREBP1 gene may act on ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathway to regulate the expression of PPARy gene. The current study will provide a theoretical basis for further reveal the molecular mechanism of milk fat synthesis in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study aim to separate and analysis characterization of mammary epithelial cell in buffalo. Compared to cow milk, buffalo milk contains more protein, fat, and vitamin. Buffalo milk is an ideal food in human life. This study will provide a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of milk fat synthesis in buffalo mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinhai Jia
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jixian Deng
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shiqiang Jiang
- The General Station of Guangxi Animal Husbandry, Nanning, China
| | - Guangsheng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning, China
| | - Qingqing Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Shandilya UK, Sharma A, Sodhi M, Kapila N, Kishore A, Mohanty A, Kataria R, Malakar D, Mukesh M. Matrix-based three-dimensional culture of buffalo mammary epithelial cells showed higher induction of genes related to milk protein and fatty acid metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:232-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Sharma
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Neha Kapila
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Amit Kishore
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Ashok Mohanty
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Ranjit Kataria
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Dhruva Malakar
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
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Sharma N, Kim JH, Sodhi SS, Luong DH, Kim SW, Oh SJ, Jeong DK. Differentiation dynamics of mammary epithelial stem cells from Korean holstein dairy cattle under ECM-free conditions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2633-54. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.1003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang L, Ren C, You J, Fan Y, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Wang F, Huang M. A novel fluorescence reporter system for the characterization of dairy goat mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fu M, Chen Y, Xiong X, Lan D, Li J. Establishment of mammary gland model in vitro: culture and evaluation of a yak mammary epithelial cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113669. [PMID: 25479378 PMCID: PMC4257549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish yak mammary epithelial cells (YMECs) for an in vitro model of yak mammary gland biology. The primary culture of YMECs was obtained from mammary gland tissues of lactating yak and then characterized using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Whether foreign genes could be transfected into the YMECs were examined by transfecting the EGFP gene into the cells. Finally, the effect of Staphylococcus aureus infection on YMECs was determined. The established YMECs retained the mammary epithelial cell characteristics. A spontaneously immortalized yak mammary epithelial cell line was established and could be continuously subcultured for more than 60 passages without senescence. The EGFP gene was successfully transferred into the YMECs, and the transfected cells could be maintained for a long duration in the culture by continuous subculturing. The cells expressed more antimicrobial peptides upon S.aureus invasion. Therefore, the established cell line could be considered a model system to understand yak mammary gland biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrong Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
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Construction of a recombinant human insulin expression vector for mammary gland-specific expression in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mammary epithelial cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5891-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma N, Jeong DK. Stem cell research: a novel boulevard towards improved bovine mastitis management. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:818-29. [PMID: 23983615 PMCID: PMC3753446 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry is a multi-billion dollar industry catering the nutritional needs of all age groups globally through the supply of milk. Clinical mastitis has a severe impact on udder tissue and is also an animal welfare issue. Moreover, it significantly reduces animal value and milk production. Mammary tissue damage reduces the number and activity of epithelial cells and consequently contributes to decreased milk production. The high incidence, low cure rate of this highly economic and sometimes deadly disease is an alarming for dairy sector as well as policy makers. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and their stem cells are very important in milk production and bioengineering. The adult mammary epithelium consists of two main cell types; an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells, which produce the milk during lactation, and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells resting on a basement membrane, which are responsible for pushing the milk through the ductal network to the teat cistern. Inner layer of columner/luminal cells of bovine MECs, is characterized by cytokeratin18, 19 (CK18, CK19) and outer layer such as myoepithelial cells which are characterized by CK14, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and p63. Much work has been done in mouse and human, on mammary gland stem cell research, particularly in cancer therapy, but stem cell research in bovine is still in its infancy. Such stem/progenitor cell discoveries in human and mouse mammary gland bring some hope for application in bovines. These progenitors may be therapeutically adopted to correct the structural/cytological defects in the bovine udder due to mastitis. In the present review we focused on various kinds of stem/progenitor cells which can have therapeutic utility and their possibilities to use as a potential stem cell therapy in the management of bovine post-mastitis damage in orders to restore milk production. The possibilities of bovine mammary stem cell therapy offers significant potential for regeneration of tissues that can potentially replace/repair diseased and damaged tissue through differentiation into epithelial, myoepithelial and/or cuboidal/columnar cells in the udder with minimal risk of rejection and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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