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Carazzo CA, Peletti-Figueiró M, Fontana Nicoletti N, Scariot FJ, Echeverrigaray S, Falavigna A. Genotoxic parameters of human degenerated intervertebral discs are linked to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:310-319. [PMID: 35380199 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a prevalent disorder that brings great incapacity and morbidity to the world's population. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. DNA damage can influence this process, but so far, there have been few studies to evaluate this topic and its true importance in DDD, as well as whether there is a relation between degeneration grade and DNA damage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of damage to the DNA and the relation to the severity of DDD and measure its response to this insult compared to live/dead cell parameters and reactive oxygen species activity in human discs. METHODS An experimental study was performed with 15 patients with grade IV or V Pfirrmann classification who underwent spinal surgery. Five patients were operated on two levels, resulting in 20 samples that were submitted to the comet assay to measure DNA damage. Of these, six samples were submitted to flow cytometry, and apoptosis, necrosis, cell membrane integrity, intracellular esterase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase 3 and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. RESULTS All samples had DNA damage, and the average of index damage (ID) was 78.1 (SD±65.11) and frequency damage (FD) was 49.3% (SD±26.05%). There was no statistical difference between the Pfirrmann grades and genotoxic damage. Likewise, all samples that underwent flow cytometry showed apoptosis and ROS to many different degrees. CONCLUSIONS DNA damage occurs in high-grade degeneration of human discs and contributes to activation of the apoptosis pathway and ROS production that can accelerate disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando J Scariot
- Enology and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Echeverrigaray
- Enology and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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2
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Chromobox homolog 4 overexpression inhibits TNF-α-induced matrix catabolism and senescence by suppressing activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1021-1029. [PMID: 35880565 PMCID: PMC9828005 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is featured as enhanced catabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP), in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-related cell senescence is involved. Chromobox homolog protein 4 (CBX4) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and shows promising therapeutic potential. Thus, in the present study, we explore the role of CBX4 in IDD. Immunohistochemistry staining reveals that CBX4 expression is decreased in severe degenerative NP tissues compared to mild degenerative tissues, and real-time PCR and western blot analysis results show that CBX4 expression is downregulated under TNF-α stimulation in NP cells. siRNA and adenoviruses are used to knockdown or overexpress CBX4, respectively. The results demonstrate that CBX4 knockdown augments the catabolism of ECM in human NP cells, while CBX4 overexpression in rat NP cells restores the ECM degradation induced by TNF-α, as illustrated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, transcriptome sequencing results reveal the regulatory effect of CBX4 on the cell cycle, and further western blot analysis and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay indicate that CBX4 overexpression alleviates cell senescence in the presence of TNF-α. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p65, which indicates the activation of NF-κB signaling, is measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay, and the results reveal that CBX4 overexpression reduces the TNF-α-induced increase in the p-p65/p65 ratio. In addition, the effect of CBX4 overexpression in NP cells is suppressed by NF-κB agonist. In summary, our results indicate that CBX4 overexpression can suppress TNF-α-induced matrix catabolism and cell senescence in the NP by inhibiting NF-κB activation. This study may provide new approaches for preventing and treating IDD.
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van Wijnen AJ, Bagheri L, Badreldin AA, Larson AN, Dudakovic A, Thaler R, Paradise CR, Wu Z. Biological functions of chromobox (CBX) proteins in stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment, cancer and development. Bone 2021; 143:115659. [PMID: 32979540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory proteins support mammalian development, cancer, aging and tissue repair by controlling many cellular processes including stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment and senescence in both skeletal and non-skeletal tissues. We review here our knowledge of epigenetic regulatory protein complexes that support the formation of inaccessible heterochromatin and suppress expression of cell and tissue-type specific biomarkers during development. Maintenance and formation of heterochromatin critically depends on epigenetic regulators that recognize histone 3 lysine trimethylation at residues K9 and K27 (respectively, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), which represent transcriptionally suppressive epigenetic marks. Three chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX1, CBX3 or CBX5) associated with the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) complex are methyl readers that interpret H3K9me3 marks which are mediated by H3K9 methyltransferases (i.e., SUV39H1 or SUV39H2). Other chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 and CBX8) recognize H3K27me3, which is deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2; a complex containing SUZ12, EED, RBAP46/48 and the methyl transferases EZH1 or EZH2). This second set of CBX proteins resides in PRC1, which has many subunits including other polycomb group factors (PCGF1, PCGF2, PCGF3, PCGF4, PCGF5, PCGF6), human polyhomeotic homologs (HPH1, HPH2, HPH3) and E3-ubiquitin ligases (RING1 or RING2). The latter enzymes catalyze the subsequent mono-ubiquitination of lysine 119 in H2A (H2AK119ub). We discuss biological, cellular and molecular functions of CBX proteins and their physiological and pathological activities in non-skeletal cells and tissues in anticipation of new discoveries on novel roles for CBX proteins in bone formation and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amr A Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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Zhao XN, Bai ZZ, Li CH, Sheng CL, Li HY. The NK-1R Antagonist Aprepitant Prevents LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in RAW264.7 Macrophages. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1943-1952. [PMID: 32546961 PMCID: PMC7246327 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s244099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The macrophage is one of the most important types of immune cells that protect against harmful stimuli. Macrophage activation plays a pivotal role in the progression and development of various inflammatory diseases. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Aprepitant is a kind of NK-1R antagonist. The purpose of this study is to determine the protective effect of aprepitant in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Methods We examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of aprepitant in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages by using real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. We also assessed cellular oxidative stress signaling by measuring the levels of cellular MDA, total ROS, and NADPH oxidase expression. Cellular NO production was measured by DAF-FM DA staining. The inhibitory effect of aprepitant against NF-κB signaling was evaluated by luciferase assay and Western blot analysis. Results The expression of NK-1R is increased in LPS-induced macrophages, suggesting a potential role of the receptor in the inflammatory response. We show that aprepitant protects macrophages against oxidative stress by reducing the generation of ROS and the expression of NOX-4. Furthermore, aprepitant inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors by mediating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion The NK-1R receptor antagonist aprepitant acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, indicating that the blockage of the NK-1R pathway in macrophages has the potential to suppress inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Zhao
- Department of Infectious, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zi Bai
- Department of Infectious, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- Department of Infectious, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Lun Sheng
- Department of Infectious, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Infectious, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Luo W, Bei C, Kong J, Zhang S, Fu Y, Li D, Tan S. Correlations between chromobox homolog 8 and key factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:340. [PMID: 31889893 PMCID: PMC6916084 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, especially in China, with high metastasis and poor prognosis. Recently, as the core component of the polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), chromobox protein homolog 8 (CBX8) is considered as an oncogene and prognostic marker in HCC. Methods A tissue microarray of 166 paired HCC and adjacent non-tumor samples were collected to identify the relationship between CBX8 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated proteins by Spearman correlation analysis. Knock-down of CBX8 in HCC cells was conducted to detect the biologic functions of CBX8 in HCC metastasis. Results We found out that CBX8 was over-expressed in HCC and its expression was closely related to the metastasis of HCC patients. In addition, knock-down of CBX8 was found to inhibit the invasion and migration ability of HCC cells. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between expression of CBX8 and EMT associated proteins both in HCC cells and tumor tissues. Conclusions Our results indicate that CBX8 promotes metastasis of HCC by inducing EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- 2Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Bei
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Kong
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Di Li
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, 541004 Guangxi People's Republic of China
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Geyer KK, Munshi SE, Whiteland HL, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Phillips DW, Hoffmann KF. Methyl-CpG-binding (SmMBD2/3) and chromobox (SmCBX) proteins are required for neoblast proliferation and oviposition in the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007107. [PMID: 29953544 PMCID: PMC6023120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While schistosomiasis remains a significant health problem in low to middle income countries, it also represents a recently recognised threat to more economically-developed regions. Until a vaccine is developed, this neglected infectious disease is primarily controlled by praziquantel, a drug with a currently unknown mechanism of action. By further elucidating how Schistosoma molecular components cooperate to regulate parasite developmental processes, next generation targets will be identified. Here, we continue our studies on schistosome epigenetic participants and characterise the function of a DNA methylation reader, the Schistosoma mansoni methyl-CpG-binding domain protein (SmMBD2/3). Firstly, we demonstrate that SmMBD2/3 contains amino acid features essential for 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) binding and illustrate that adult schistosome nuclear extracts (females > males) contain this activity. We subsequently show that SmMBD2/3 translocates into nuclear compartments of transfected murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and recombinant SmMBD2/3 exhibits 5mC binding activity. Secondly, using a yeast-two hybrid (Y2H) screen, we show that SmMBD2/3 interacts with the chromo shadow domain (CSD) of an epigenetic adaptor, S. mansoni chromobox protein (SmCBX). Moreover, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) mediated co-localisation of Smmbd2/3 and Smcbx to mesenchymal cells as well as somatic- and reproductive- stem cells confirms the Y2H results and demonstrates that these interacting partners are ubiquitously expressed and found within both differentiated as well as proliferating cells. Finally, using RNA interference, we reveal that depletion of Smmbd2/3 or Smcbx in adult females leads to significant reductions (46-58%) in the number of proliferating somatic stem cells (PSCs or neoblasts) as well as in the quantity of in vitro laid eggs. Collectively, these results further expand upon the schistosome components involved in epigenetic processes and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SmMBD2/3 and/or SmCBX biology could prove useful in the development of future schistosomiasis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin K. Geyer
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina E. Munshi
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Whiteland
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Narcis Fernandez-Fuentes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan W. Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Karl F. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Zou M, Li J, Wang B, Zhang Q, Liu F, Lü G. LncRNA H19 targets miR-22 to modulate H 2 O 2 -induced deregulation in nucleus pulposus cell senescence, proliferation, and ECM synthesis through Wnt signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29520849 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to low back pain. During IDD progression, ROS can be produced in the form of H2 O2 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in response to elevated cytokines, leading to subsequent alternations of cell fate and metabolic processes. Genetic factors are considered as main contributors to IDD pathopoiesis. Herein, we investigated the detailed function and mechanism of H19, one of the most up-regulated lncRNAs in IDD specimens, in H2 O2 -induced cell senescence model in NPCs. H19 could accelerate H2 O2 -induced degenerative changes by promoting cell senescence, increasing ADAMTS-5 and MMPs protein levels and Collagen I content, as well as suppressing NPC proliferation through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, miR-22, a direct target of H19, could bind to the 3'UTR of LEF1 to inhibit its expression and reverse the effect of H19 on NPCs, thus inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, H19 acts as a ceRNA to compete with LEF1 for miR-22, thus modulating downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling in NPCs; H19/miR-22/LEF1 might be a novel target for improving H2 O2 -induced NPC senescence and treatment for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Lü
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Tao L, Zhao S, Qiu S. MicroRNA-125b-1-3p mediates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats by targeting teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2627-2633. [PMID: 29456666 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between Teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3 (TSHZ3) and the nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs in rats. TSHZ3 was identified from the differentially expressed micro (mi)RNAs in the expression profile of GSE63492 by identifying the overlapped target genes of microRNA (miR)-125b-1-3p across different databases. TSHZ3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an miR-125b-1-3p inhibitor were used for gene silencing and gene silencing efficiency was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was performed to detect the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and B1 and the proteins associated with DNA damage in NP. The results revealed that in normal NPs, the expression of TSHZ3 increased following the inhibition of miR-125b-1-3p and in DNA damaged NPs, the expression of TSHZ3 was associated with the degree of DNA damage. The present study demonstrated that TSHZ3, as a target gene of miR-125b-1-3p, may serve a protective role in intervertebral disc degeneration and that this protective function may be inhibited by high levels of miR-125b-1-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shui Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Ren D, Ma W, Guo B, Wang S. Aloperine attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via anti-apoptotic activity and suppression of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:315-320. [PMID: 28123508 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloperine is an alkaloid that exerts significant inhibitive effects on acute inflammation and Type III and IV hypersensitivity caused by a variety of inflammatory agents. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the protective effect of aloperine attenuates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury, and to identify the underlying mechanisms involved. Nucleus pulposus cells were extracted from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, and incubated with fresh medium containing 200 µM H2O2 for 24 h. In the study, treatment with aloperine significantly increased cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in H2O2-treated nucleus pulposus cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 10 and 100 nM aloperine significantly inhibited H2O2-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 activities, and significantly increased the H2O2-reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in nucleus pulposus cells (all P<0.01). However, aloperine treatment (10 and 100 nM) significantly reduced the H2O2-induced caspase-9 activity in nucleus pulposus cells. Furthermore, addition of 10 and 100 nM aloperine significantly suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression levels in H2O2-treated nucleus pulposus cells. In conclusion, the protective effect of aloperine attenuated H2O2-induced injury via hyperproliferation, its anti-apoptotic activity and suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Weisong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Shunyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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Ma RG, Zhang Y, Sun TT, Cheng B. Epigenetic regulation by polycomb group complexes: focus on roles of CBX proteins. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:412-28. [PMID: 24793759 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) complexes are epigenetic regulatory complexes that conduct transcriptional repression of target genes via modifying the chromatin. The two best characterized forms of PcG complexes, polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), are required for maintaining the stemness of embryonic stem cells and many types of adult stem cells. The spectra of target genes for PRCs are dynamically changing with cell differentiation, which is essential for proper decisions on cell fate during developmental processes. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are canonical components in PRC1, responsible for targeting PRC1 to the chromatin. Recent studies highlight the function specifications among CBX family members in undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells, which reveal the interplay between compositional diversity and functional specificity of PRC1. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about targeting and functional mechanisms of PRCs, emphasizing the recent breakthroughs related to CBX proteins under a number of physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-gang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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