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Development of an in vitro tissue culture system for hammer coral (Fimbriaphyllia ancora) ovaries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24338. [PMID: 34934168 PMCID: PMC8692509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro gonad culture systems have proven useful to investigate intrinsic mechanisms of sexual reproduction in animals. Here we describe development of an in vitro culture method for coral ovaries. Mesenterial tissues containing both ovaries and mesenterial filaments were microscopically isolated from the scleractinian coral, Fimbriaphyllia ancora, and culture conditions were optimized. M199 diluted 10× (10% M199, pH 8.1) and supplemented with 25 mM HEPES and the antibiotics, ampicillin, penicillin and streptomycin, supported oocyte survival and maintained the structural integrity of ovaries during short-term culture (~ 6 days). Addition of a commercial antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Anti-Anti) and fetal bovine serum adversely affected ovary maintenance and caused tissue disintegration. Characterization of cultured ovaries showed that there is no difference in cell proliferation of ovarian somatic cells between culture Days 1 and 6. Moreover, the presence of oogonia and expression of a major yolk protein, vitellogenin, were confirmed in ovaries cultured for 6 days. This system will be useful for studying effects of a wide range of substances on coral oogenesis.
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Quesada-Díaz E, Figueroa-Delgado P, García-Rosario R, Sirfa A, García-Arrarás JE. Dedifferentiation of radial glia-like cells is observed in in vitro explants of holothurian radial nerve cord. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 364:109358. [PMID: 34537226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among animal phyla, some of the least studied nervous systems are those of the phylum Echinodermata. Part of the problem lies in that most of their nervous components are embedded in the body wall that has calcareous skeletal components. NEW METHOD We have developed a novel technique for the successful isolation of the radial nerve cords (RNCs) and an in vitro system where the isolated RNCs can be cultured and are amenable to experimental manipulation. Here we use this system to isolate the RNC of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima as a way to extend our studies on its regeneration capabilities. RESULTS The RNCs can be isolated from the surrounding tissues by collagenase treatment. The explants obtained following enzymatic dissociation can be kept in culture for up to 2 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical studies show that the explants maintain a stable number of cells with little proliferation or apoptosis throughout the culture incubation period. The main change observed in RNCs in vitro is a progressive dedifferentiation of radial glia-like cells. This dedifferentiation corresponds to the first step in the regeneration response to injury that has been described in vivo. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS There are no existing methods to isolate and culture echinoderm radial nerve cord. CONCLUSIONS The described protocol provides a unique tool to obtain easily accessible RNC from holothurians to perform cellular, biochemical, and genomic experiments in the echinoderm nervous system without interference of adjacent tissues. The technique provides a unique opportunity to study the dedifferentiation response associated with the regeneration of the nervous system in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raúl García-Rosario
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA
| | - Angel Sirfa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA
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Fricano C, Röttinger E, Furla P, Barnay-Verdier S. Cnidarian Cell Cryopreservation: A Powerful Tool for Cultivation and Functional Assays. Cells 2020; 9:E2541. [PMID: 33256018 PMCID: PMC7761476 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarian primary cell cultures have a strong potential to become a universal tool to assess stress-response mechanisms at the cellular level. However, primary cell cultures are time-consuming regarding their establishment and maintenance. Cryopreservation is a commonly used approach to provide stable cell stocks for experiments, but it is yet to be established for Cnidarian cell cultures. The aim of this study was therefore to design a cryopreservation protocol for primary cell cultures of the Cnidarian Anemonia viridis, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant, enriched or not with fetal bovine serum (FBS). We determined that DMSO 5% with 25% FBS was an efficient cryosolution, resulting in 70% of post-thaw cell survival. The success of this protocol was first confirmed by a constant post-thaw survival independently of the cell culture age (up to 45 days old) and the storage period (up to 87 days). Finally, cryopreserved cells displayed a long-term recovery with a maintenance of the primary cell culture parameters and cellular functions: formation of cell aggregates, high viability and constant cell growth, and unchanged intrinsic resistance to hyperthermal stress. These results will further bring new opportunities for the scientific community interested in molecular, cellular, and biochemical aspects of cnidarian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Fricano
- CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, F-06107 Nice, France; (C.F.); (E.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Eric Röttinger
- CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, F-06107 Nice, France; (C.F.); (E.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Furla
- CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, F-06107 Nice, France; (C.F.); (E.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, F-06107 Nice, France; (C.F.); (E.R.); (P.F.)
- Sorbonne Université, UFR 927, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
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Ferrario C, Sugni M, Somorjai IML, Ballarin L. Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587320. [PMID: 33195242 PMCID: PMC7606891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of regenerative phenomena seen in adult metazoans, as well as their underlying mechanistic bases, are still far from being comprehensively understood. Reviewing both ultrastructural and molecular data, the present work aims to showcase the increasing relevance of invertebrate deuterostomes, i.e., echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates, as invaluable models to study cellular aspects of adult regeneration. Our comparative approach suggests a fundamental contribution of local dedifferentiation -rather than mobilization of resident undifferentiated stem cells- as an important cellular mechanism contributing to regeneration in these groups. Thus, elucidating the cellular origins, recruitment and fate of cells, as well as the molecular signals underpinning tissue regrowth in regeneration-competent deuterostomes, will provide the foundation for future research in tackling the relatively limited regenerative abilities of vertebrates, with clear applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Ferrario
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- GAIA 2050 Center, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ildiko M. L. Somorjai
- The Willie Russel Laboratories, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Messinetti S, Mercurio S, Parolini M, Sugni M, Pennati R. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on early stages of two marine invertebrates with different feeding strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1080-1087. [PMID: 29146202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, microplastics represent one of the main threats to marine ecosystems, being able to affect organisms at different stages of their life cycle and at different levels of the food web. Although the presence of plastic debris has been reported in different habitats and the ability to ingest it has been confirmed for different taxa, few studies have been performed to elucidate the effects on survival and development of marine animals. Thus, we explored the effects of different environmental concentrations of polystyrene microbeads on the early stages of two invertebrate species widespread in the Mediterranean shallow waters: the pelagic planktotrophic pluteus larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the filter-feeding sessile juveniles of the ascidian Ciona robusta. We evaluated the effects on larvae and juvenile development and determined the efficiency of bead ingestion. The feeding stages of both species proved to be extremely efficient in ingesting microplastics. In the presence of microbeads, the metamorphosis of ascidian juveniles was slowed down and development of plutei altered. These results prompted the necessity to monitor the populations of coastal invertebrates since microplastics affect sensitive stages of life cycle and may have consequences on generation recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Messinetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercurio
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Pennati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ventura P, Toullec G, Fricano C, Chapron L, Meunier V, Röttinger E, Furla P, Barnay-Verdier S. Cnidarian Primary Cell Culture as a Tool to Investigate the Effect of Thermal Stress at Cellular Level. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:144-154. [PMID: 29313151 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global change, symbiotic cnidarians are largely affected by seawater temperature elevation leading to symbiosis breakdown. This process, also called bleaching, is triggered by the dysfunction of the symbiont photosystems causing an oxidative stress and cell death to both symbiont and host cells. In our study, we wanted to elucidate the intrinsic capacity of isolated animal cells to deal with thermal stress in the absence of symbiont. In that aim, we have characterized an animal primary cell culture form regenerating tentacles of the temperate sea anemone Anemonia viridis. We first compared the potential of whole tissue tentacle or separated epidermal or gastrodermal monolayers as tissue sources to settle animal cell cultures. Interestingly, only isolated cells extracted from whole tentacles allowed establishing a viable and proliferative primary cell culture throughout 31 days. The analysis of the expression of tissue-specific and pluripotency markers defined cultivated cells as differentiated cells with gastrodermal origin. The characterization of the animal primary cell culture allowed us to submit the obtained gastrodermal cells to hyperthermal stress (+ 5 and + 8 °C) during 1 and 7 days. Though cell viability was not affected at both hyperthermal stress conditions, cell growth drastically decreased. In addition, only a + 8 °C hyperthermia induced a transient increase of antioxidant defences at 1 day but no ubiquitin or carbonylation protein damages. These results demonstrated an intrinsic resistance of cnidarian gastrodermal cells to hyperthermal stress and then confirmed the role of symbionts in the hyperthermia sensitivity leading to bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ventura
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - G Toullec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - C Fricano
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - L Chapron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - V Meunier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - E Röttinger
- CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - P Furla
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - S Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Antilles, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (EPS-IBPS), Paris, France.
- UMR 7138 "Evolution Paris Seine", Symbiose Marine Team, Paris, France.
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Rodríguez-Iglesias B, Novella-Maestre E, Herraiz S, Díaz-García C, Pellicer N, Pellicer A. New methods to improve the safety assessment of cryopreserved ovarian tissue for fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1493-502.e1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Echinoderm regeneration: an in vitro approach using the crinoid Antedon mediterranea. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:189-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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