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Cao Y, Di X, Zhang Q, Li R, Wang K. RBM10 Regulates Tumor Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603932. [PMID: 33718153 PMCID: PMC7943715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is involved in alternative splicing and modifies mRNA post-transcriptionally. RBM10 is abnormally expressed in the lung, breast, and colorectal cancer, female genital tumors, osteosarcoma, and other malignant tumors. It can inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis, and inhibit invasion and metastasis. RBM10 has long been considered a tumor suppressor because it promotes apoptosis through the regulation of the MDM2-p53 negative feedback loop, Bcl-2, Bax, and other apoptotic proteins and inhibits proliferation through the Notch signaling and rap1a/Akt/CREB pathways. However, it has been recently demonstrated that RBM10 can also promote cancer. Given these different views, it is necessary to summarize the research progress of RBM10 in various fields to reasonably analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms, and provide new ideas and directions for the clinical research of RBM10 in various cancer types. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the reasons for these opposing effects on cancer biology, molecular mechanisms, research progress, and clinical value of RBM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Loiselle JJ, Sutherland LC. RBM10: Harmful or helpful-many factors to consider. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3809-3818. [PMID: 29274279 PMCID: PMC5901003 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RBM10 is an RNA binding motif (RBM) protein expressed in most, if not all, human and animal cells. Interest in RBM10 is rapidly increasing and its clinical importance is highlighted by its identification as the causative agent of TARP syndrome, a developmental condition that significantly impacts affected children. RBM10's cellular functions are beginning to be explored, with initial studies demonstrating a tumor suppressor role. Very recently, however, contradictory results have emerged, suggesting a tumor promoter role for RBM10. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on RBM10, and address this dichotomy in RBM10 function. Furthermore, we discuss what may be regulating RBM10 function, particularly the importance of RBM10 alternative splicing, and the relationship between RBM10 and its paralogue, RBM5. As RBM10‐related work is gaining momentum, it is critical that the various aspects of RBM10 molecular biology revealed by recent studies be considered moving forward. It is only if these recent advances in RBM10 structure and function are considered that a clearer insight into RBM10 function, and the disease states with which RBM10 mutation is associated, will be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Loiselle
- Health Sciences North Research Institute (HSNRI), Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Sutherland LC, Thibault P, Durand M, Lapointe E, Knee JM, Beauvais A, Kalatskaya I, Hunt SC, Loiselle JJ, Roy JG, Tessier SJ, Ybazeta G, Stein L, Kothary R, Klinck R, Chabot B. Splicing arrays reveal novel RBM10 targets, including SMN2 pre-mRNA. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:19. [PMID: 28728573 PMCID: PMC5520337 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-017-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RBM10 is an RNA binding protein involved in message stabilization and alternative splicing regulation. The objective of the research described herein was to identify novel targets of RBM10-regulated splicing. To accomplish this, we downregulated RBM10 in human cell lines, using small interfering RNAs, then monitored alternative splicing, using a reverse transcription-PCR screening platform. Results RBM10 knockdown (KD) provoked alterations in splicing events in 10–20% of the pre-mRNAs, most of which had not been previously identified as RBM10 targets. Hierarchical clustering of the genes affected by RBM10 KD revealed good conservation of alternative exon inclusion or exclusion across cell lines. Pathway annotation showed RAS signaling to be most affected by RBM10 KD. Of particular interest was the finding that splicing of SMN pre-mRNA, encoding the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, was influenced by RBM10 KD. Inhibition of RBM10 resulted in preferential expression of the full-length, exon 7 retaining, SMN transcript in four cancer cell lines and one normal skin fibroblast cell line. SMN protein is expressed from two genes, SMN1 and SMN2, but the SMN1 gene is homozygously disrupted in people with spinal muscular atrophy; as a consequence, all of the SMN that is expressed in people with this disease is from the SMN2 gene. Expression analyses using primary fibroblasts from control, carrier and spinal muscle atrophy donors demonstrated that RBM10 KD resulted in preferential expression of the full-length, exon 7 retaining, SMN2 transcript. At the protein level, upregulation of the full-length SMN2 was also observed. Re-expression of RBM10, in a stable RBM10 KD cancer cell line, correlated with a reversion of the KD effect, demonstrating specificity. Conclusion Our work has not only expanded the number of pre-mRNA targets for RBM10, but identified RBM10 as a novel regulator of SMN2 alternative inclusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-017-0096-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Sutherland
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada. .,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Philippe Thibault
- RNomics Platform of Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Durand
- RNomics Platform of Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Elvy Lapointe
- RNomics Platform of Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jose M Knee
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada
| | - Ariane Beauvais
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Irina Kalatskaya
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sarah C Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Julie J Loiselle
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Justin G Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Sarah J Tessier
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Ybazeta
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Roscoe Klinck
- RNomics Platform of Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Département de Microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Loiselle JJ, Roy JG, Sutherland LC. RBM10 promotes transformation-associated processes in small cell lung cancer and is directly regulated by RBM5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180258. [PMID: 28662214 PMCID: PMC5491171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the most aggressive type. At the time of diagnosis, SCLC has usually already metastasized, and an astonishing 95% of patients eventually succumb to the disease. This highlights the need for more effective SCLC screening and treatment options. Interestingly, the earliest and most frequent genetic alteration associated with lung cancers involves a lesion in the region to which the RNA binding protein RBM5 maps. We have recently shown that a decrease in RBM5 expression may be a key step in SCLC development, as RBM5 regulated many transformation-associated processes in SCLC cells. RBM5 is structurally and functionally similar to another RNA binding protein, RBM10. Both proteins have tumor-suppressor properties in a variety of cancer cell lines, and it has been suggested that RBM5 expression can influence RBM10. Due to their similarities, and the recent evidence that RBM10 is mutated in up to 21% of lung cancers, we hypothesized that RBM10 would share RBM5's tumor-suppressor properties in SCLC. Using transcriptome analysis and functional assays, we show, however, that RBM10's function was opposite to what we hypothesized; in the endogenously RBM5-null GLC20 SCLC cell line, RBM10 actually promoted cell proliferation and other transformation-associated processes. Using RNA immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (RIP-Seq) and Western blotting, we demonstrate that RBM5 post-transcriptionally regulated RBM10 expression via direct interaction with specific RBM10 splice variants. We propose a working model describing the impact of this interaction on cellular processes. Our results provide evidence that RBM10 expression, in RBM5-null tumors, may contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Measurement of both RBM10 and RBM5 expression in clinical samples may therefore hold prognostic and/or potentially predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J. Loiselle
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin G. Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie C. Sutherland
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Health Sciences North Research Institute (HSNRI), Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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