1
|
Wang YY, Ye LH, Zhao AQ, Gao WR, Dai N, Yin Y, Zhang X. M6A modification regulates tumor suppressor DIRAS1 expression in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306674. [PMID: 38372700 PMCID: PMC10878024 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
DIRAS family GTPase 1 (DIRAS1) has been reported as a potential tumor suppressor in other human cancer. However, its expression pattern and role in cervical cancer remain unknown. Knockdown of DIRAS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, growth, migration, and invasion of C33A and SiHa cells cultured in vitro. Overexpression of DIRAS1 significantly inhibited the viability and motility of C33A and SiHa cells. Compared with normal cervical tissues, DIRAS1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in cervical cancer tissues. DIRAS1 protein expression was also significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues. In addition, DIRAS1 expression level in tumor tissues was significantly negatively correlated with the pathological grades of cervical cancer patients. DNA methylation inhibitor (5-Azacytidine) and histone deacetylation inhibitor (SAHA) resulted in a significant increase in DIRAS1 mRNA levels in C33A and SiHa cells, but did not affect DIRAS1 protein levels. FTO inhibitor (FB23-2) significantly down-regulated intracellular DIRAS1 mRNA levels, but significantly up-regulated DIRAS1 protein levels. Moreover, the down-regulation of METTL3 and METTL14 expression significantly inhibited DIRAS1 protein expression, whereas the down-regulation of FTO and ALKBH5 expression significantly increased DIRAS1 protein expression. In conclusion, DIRAS1 exerts a significant anti-oncogenic function and its expression is significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cells. The m6A modification may be a key mechanism to regulate DIRAS1 mRNA stability and protein translation efficiency in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lian-Hua Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Qi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ran Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Operating Rooms, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neha, Ranjan P, Das P. Calcimycin mediates apoptosis in breast and cervical cancer cell lines by inducing intracellular calcium levels in a P2RX4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130535. [PMID: 38103757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcimycin (A23187) is a polyether antibiotic and divalent cation ionophore, extracted from Streptomyces chartrecensis. With wide variety of antimicrobial activities, it also exhibits cytotoxicity of tumor cells. Calcimycin exhibit therapeutic potential against tumor cell growth; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Present study explores the mechanism of calcimycin-induced apoptosis cancer cell lines. METHODS Apoptotic induction in a dose-dependent manner were recorded with MTT assays, Phase contrast imaging, wound healing assay, fluorescence imaging by DAPI and AO/EB staining and FACS using cell line model. Mitochondrial potential was analyzed by TMRM assay as Ca2+ signaling is well known to be influenced and synchronized by mitochondria also. RESULTS Calcimycin induces apoptosis in dose dependent manner, also accompanied by increased intracellular calcium-level and expression of purinergic receptor-P2RX4, a ligand-gated ion channel. CONCLUSION Calcimycin tends to increase the intracellular calcium level, mRNA expression of ATP receptor P2RX4, and phosphorylation of p38. Blocking of either intracellular calcium by BAPTA-AM, P2RX4 expression by antagonist 5-BDBD, and phospho-p38 by SB203580, abrogated the apoptotic activity of calcimycin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results show that calcimycin induces apoptosis in P2RX4 and ATP mediated intracellular Ca2+ and p38 MAPK mediated pathway in both the cancer cell lines. This study explored a new mode of action for calcimycin in cancer that could be potentially employed in future studies for cancer therapeutic research. This study disentangles that the calcimycin-induced apoptotic cell death is P2RX4 and ATP involved, intracellular Ca2+ and p38 MAPK mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng X, Zhou T, He Y, Xie Y, Xu Y, Huang W. The role and mechanism of butyrate in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961536. [PMID: 36016798 PMCID: PMC9396028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease and is a major burden on the healthcare system. The current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the progression of DKD recognizes the involvement of oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and fibrosis. Several circulating metabolites that are the end products of the fermentation process, released by the gut microbiota, are known to be associated with systemic immune-inflammatory responses and kidney injury. This phenomenon has been recognized as the “gut–kidney axis.” Butyrate is produced predominantly by gut microbiota fermentation of dietary fiber and undigested carbohydrates. In addition to its important role as a fuel for colonic epithelial cells, butyrate has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity, diabetes, and kidney diseases via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It also acts as an epigenetic regulator by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC), up-regulation of miRNAs, or induction of the histone butyrylation and autophagy processes. This review aims to outline the existing literature on the treatment of DKD by butyrate in animal models and cell culture experiments, and to explore the protective effects of butyrate on DKD and the underlying molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- Tingting Zhou,
| | - Yanqiu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Yumei Xie
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xu,
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- Wei Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue W, Zhu H, Liu H, He H. DIRAS2 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Linked With Immune Infiltrates in Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:799185. [PMID: 35651810 PMCID: PMC9149220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.799185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly malignant skin tumor. DIRAS2 is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene; however, its function in SKCM has not been explored. Methods The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was implemented to investigate the expression of DIRAS2 in SKCM, and plot the survival curve to determine the effect of DIRAS2 on the survival rates of SKCM patients. Then, the correlation between DIRAS2 and tumor immune infiltration was also discussed, and the expression of DIRAS2 and immune infiltration level in SKCM immune cells was determined using TIMER. The top 100 genes most associated with DIRAS2 expression were used for functional enrichment analysis. In order to confirm the anti-cancer effects of DIRAS2 in SKCM in the data analysis, in vitro assays as well as in vivo studies of DIRAS2 on SKCM tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis were conducted. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were employed to study the relationship between DIRAS2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in SKCM. Results DIRAS2 expression was shown to be significantly correlated with tumor grade using univariate logistic regression analysis. DIRAS2 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for SKCM in multivariate analysis. Of note, DIRAS2 expression levels were positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in SKCM. The infiltration of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with the cumulative survival rate of SKCM patients. In vitro experiments suggested that proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of SKCM tumor cells were distinctly enhanced after DIRAS2 knockdown. Furthermore, DIRAS2 depletion promoted melanoma growth and metastasis in vivo. As for the mechanism, silencing DIRAS2 can activate the signal transduction of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion DIRAS2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in cases of SKCM by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It is also associated with immune infiltration in SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Xue
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan City, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongye Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan City, China
| | - Hongxia He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan City, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang B, Ma H, Bian Y. LINC00261 Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Radioresistance by Down-Regulating microRNA-552-3p and Promoting DIRAS1. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8559-8573. [PMID: 34803403 PMCID: PMC8597985 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s332640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal cancer (EC) represents a life-threatening tumor with an ever-increasing incidence rate. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (LINCs) have also become a topic of interest in EC. In a similar light, the current study aimed to investigate the role of LINC00261 in EC radioresistance. METHODS Firstly, radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1-R and TE-5-R were established using TE-1 and TE-5 cells. Subsequently, LINC00261, microRNA (miR)-552-3p, and DIRAS1 expression patterns in EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues and EC cells were evaluated. In addition, survival fraction (SF), colony formation, apoptosis, and γ-H2AX levels were analyzed, followed by the detection of the binding relation between LINC00261 and miR-552-3p and between miR-552-3p and DIRAS1. Lastly, xenograft transplantation was carried out to confirm the effects of LINC00261 on EC radioresistance in vivo. RESULTS LINC00261 and DIRAS1 were poorly-expressed in EC tissues and cells, but miR-552-3p was over-expressed. In EC cells with X-ray radiation, over-expression of LINC00261 reduced SF and cell viability, strengthened γ-H2AX levels, and promoted apoptosis, while all these trends were counteracted by miR-522-3p over-expression or DIRAS1 silencing. Mechanistic investigation further validated the binding relation between LINC00261 and miR-552-3p, and between miR-552-3p and DIRAS1. Moreover, LINC00261 over-expression suppressed tumor growth and reduced EC radioresistance in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings indicated that LINC00261 exerts a suppressive effect on EC radioresistance via the competing endogenous RNA network to sponge miR-552-3p and up-regulate DIRAS1 transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Bian
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rothhammer-Hampl T, Liesenberg F, Hansen N, Hoja S, Delic S, Reifenberger G, Riemenschneider MJ. Frequent Epigenetic Inactivation of DIRAS-1 and DIRAS-2 Contributes to Chemo-Resistance in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205113. [PMID: 34680261 PMCID: PMC8534260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated the genes DIRAS-1 and DIRAS-2 in terms of their regulation and functional relevance in brain tumors (gliomas). We found that in a majority of patients the expression of both genes is strongly downregulated on the mRNA level when comparing tumors with healthy brain tissue. We could show that epigenetic mechanisms account for this downregulation. Both promoter methylation and histone modifications are accountable. We performed experiments in tumor tissues (direct bisulfite sequencing and chromatin-immunoprecipitation) and we treated glioblastoma cell lines in a way to overcome epigenetic inactivation of both genes. When genes were re-expressed, the tumor cells turned out more sensitive to alkylating chemotherapeutic agents such as Lomustin. Changes in intracellular pathways related to p53-mediated DNA damage response may explain for this observation. Abstract We previously reported that DIRAS-3 is frequently inactivated in oligodendrogliomas due to promoter hypermethylation and loss of the chromosomal arm 1p. DIRAS-3 inactivation was associated with better overall survival. Consequently, we now investigated regulation and function of its family members DIRAS-1 and DIRAS-2. We found that DIRAS-1 was strongly downregulated in 65% and DIRAS-2 in 100% of analyzed glioma samples compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue (NNB). Moreover, a significant down-regulation of DIRAS-1 and -2 was detected in glioma data obtained from the TCGA database. Mutational analyses did not reveal any inactivating mutations in the DIRAS-1 and -2 coding regions. Analysis of the DIRAS-1 and -2 promoter methylation status showed significantly higher methylation in IDH-mutant astrocytic and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglial tumors compared to NNB. Treatment of U251MG and Hs683 glioblastoma cells lines with 5-azacytidine led to significant re-expression of DIRAS-1 and -2. For IDH-wild-type primary gliomas, however, we did not observe significantly elevated DIRAS-1 and -2 promoter methylation levels, but still detected strong downregulation of both DIRAS family members. Additional analyses revealed that DIRAS-1 and -2 expression was also regulated by histone modifications. We observed a shift towards promoter heterochromatinization for DIRAS-1 and less promoter euchromatinization for DIRAS-2 in IDH-wild-type glioblastomas compared to controls. Treatment of the two glioblastoma cell lines with a histone deacetylase inhibitor led to significant re-expression of DIRAS-1 and -2. Functionally, overexpression of DIRAS-1 and -2 in glioblastoma cells translated into significantly higher sensitivity to lomustine treatment. Analyses of DNA damage markers revealed that DIRAS-1 and -2 may play a role in p53-dependent response to alkylating chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Rothhammer-Hampl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.R.-H.); (S.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Franziska Liesenberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.L.); (N.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Natalie Hansen
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.L.); (N.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Sabine Hoja
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.R.-H.); (S.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Sabit Delic
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.R.-H.); (S.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.L.); (N.H.); (G.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus J. Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.R.-H.); (S.H.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-9445150
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hydroxychloroquine Potentiates Apoptosis Induced by PPAR α Antagonist in 786-O Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Associated with Inhibiting Autophagy. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6631605. [PMID: 33959154 PMCID: PMC8075691 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major pathological pattern of renal cell carcinoma. The ccRCC cells exhibit a certain degree of inherent drug resistance due to some genetic mutations. In recent years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) antagonists have been reported as a targeted therapeutic drug capable of inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the ccRCC cell line. Autophagy, which can be induced by stress in eukaryotic cells, plays a complex role in the proliferation, survival, and death of tumor cells. In our study, we found that the expression of PPARα was low in highly differentiated ccRCC tissues and 786-O cell line but high in poorly differentiated ccRCC tissues. The level of PPARα expression in ccRCC tissues is correlated to the grade of differentiation, but not to the sex or age of ccRCC patients. The findings also revealed that the PPARα antagonist GW6471 can lower cell viability and induce autophagy in the 786-O ccRCC cell line. This autophagy can be inhibited by hydroxychloroquine. When treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and GW6471, the viability of the 786-O cells was decreased further when compared to the treatment with GW6471 or hydroxychloroquine alone, and apoptosis was promoted. Meanwhile, when human kidney 2 cells were cotreated with hydroxychloroquine and GW6471, cell viability was only slightly influenced. Hence, our finding indicates that the combination of GW6471 and hydroxychloroquine may constitute a novel and potentially effective treatment for ccRCC. Furthermore, this approach is likely to be safe owing to its minimal effects on normal renal tissues.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang W, Fang D, Zhang H, Xue J, Wangchuk D, Du J, Jiang L. Sodium Butyrate Selectively Kills Cancer Cells and Inhibits Migration in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting Thioredoxin-1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4691-4704. [PMID: 32547098 PMCID: PMC7263851 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid which is produced by bacterial fermentation of nondigestible dietary fiber and has been reported to exert anti-tumor effects in many tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) in NaB-induced anti-tumor effect has not been completely clarified. Materials and Methods Effects of NaB on the growth of CRC cell lines HT29 and SW480 were detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. The apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometry, and cell migration was assessed by a Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to test the Trx-1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins level. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) recovery experiment was performed in CRC cells. In addition, mice xenograft model was established to test the effect of NaB on CRC growth in vivo. Further, the effects of NaB on CRC cells with overexpression or knockdown were tested by the CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Results NaB treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and decreased Trx-1 protein expression in CRC cells but not in normal colon epithelial cells. NaB also induced apoptosis, inhibited colony formation, migration and EMT in CRC cells. Besides, NaB increased ROS level in CRC cells and NAC reversed NaB-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, downregulation of Trx-1 significantly enhanced NaB-induced inhibitory effects on cell growth and migration, whereas overexpression of Trx-1 attenuated NaB-induced inhibitory effects on growth and migration in CRC cells. Conclusion These findings indicate that the NaB-mediated anti-tumor effects on CRC cells are related to downregulation of Trx-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoquan Fang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Drugyel Wangchuk
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimei Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim DH, Cha J, Song YW, Woo KM, Jung U. Bone augmentation using small molecules with biodegradable calcium sulfate particles in a vertical onlay graft model in the rabbit calvarium. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1343-1350. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo H. Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal RegenerationYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal RegenerationYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young W. Song
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal RegenerationYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung M. Woo
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of DentistrySeoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ui‐Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal RegenerationYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of the gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component of human physiology. Owing to the use of modern sequencing approaches, the characterisation of the microbiome in healthy individuals and in disease has demonstrated a disturbance of the microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The microbiota establishes a symbiotic crosstalk with their host: commensal microbes benefit from the nutrient-rich environment provided by the gut and the microbiota produces hundreds of proteins and metabolites that modulate key functions of the host, including nutrient processing, maintenance of energy homoeostasis and immune system development. Many bacteria-derived metabolites originate from dietary sources. Among them, an important role has been attributed to the metabolites derived from the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition to intestinal homoeostasis maintenance. SCFA are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and regulate IEC functions through different mechanisms to modulate their proliferation, differentiation as well as functions of subpopulations such as enteroendocrine cells, to impact gut motility and to strengthen the gut barrier functions as well as host metabolism. Recent findings show that SCFA, and in particular butyrate, also have important intestinal and immuno-modulatory functions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and the impact of SCFA on gut functions and host immunity and consequently on human health.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan Y, Li X, Xu Y, Zhao H, Su Z, Lai D, Yang W, Chen S, He Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu G. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 promotes autophagy flux to suppress the development of clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3533-3542. [PMID: 31489722 PMCID: PMC6825007 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment for ccRCC, but targeted biological therapy is required for postoperative recurrent or metastatic ccRCC. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system for misfolded/aggregated proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Defective autophagy is associated with many diseases. Mul1 is a mitochondrion-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and involved in the regulation of divergent pathophysiological processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, and thus affects the development of various diseases including cancers. Whether Mul1 regulates ccRCC development and what is the mechanism remain unclear. Histochemical staining and immunoblotting were used to analyze the levels of Mul1 protein in human renal tissues. Statistical analysis of information associated with tissue microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was conducted to show the relationship between Mul1 expression and clinical features and survival of ccRCC patients. Impact of Mul1 on rates of cell growth and migration and autophagy flux were tested in cultured cancer cells. Herein we show that Mul1 promoted autophagy flux to facilitate the degradation of P62-associated protein aggresomes and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP)-associated lipid droplets and suppressed the growth and migration of ccRCC cells. Levels of Mul1 protein and mRNA were significantly reduced so that autophagy flux was likely blocked in ccRCC tissues, which is potentially correlated with enhancement of malignancy of ccRCC and impairment of patient survival. Therefore, Mul1 may promote autophagy to suppress the development of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Su
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehui Lai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangxing Chen
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhong He
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for the Innovation and Translation of Minimally Invasive Techniques, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for the Innovation and Translation of Minimally Invasive Techniques, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jang B, Yang IH, Cho NP, Jin B, Lee W, Jung YC, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Down-regulation and nuclear localization of survivin by sodium butyrate induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human oral mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2019; 88:160-167. [PMID: 30616788 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that possesses an apoptotic ability. However, the molecular mechanism by which NaBu induces apoptosis in human oral mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a type of salivary gland tumor, remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticancer effects of NaBu and its related molecular mechanisms were determined by trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, live/dead assay, human apoptosis array, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, preparation of nuclear fractions, and nude mice tumor xenograft. RESULTS In this study, we found that NaBu inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in the human oral MEC cell lines MC3 and YD15 with acetylation of histone proteins H2A and H3. NaBu apparently down-regulated survivin protein, as evidenced by the results of the human apoptosis antibody array, and modulated it at the post-translational process. Interestingly, NaBu caused nuclear translocation of survivin protein in both cell lines. NaBu also resulted in decreased expression levels of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein, leading to induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in human oral MEC cell lines. In addition, NaBu administration inhibited tumor growth in vivo at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day, but it did not cause any hepatic or renal toxicity. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of apoptotic actions by NaBu in human oral MEC and the basis of its clinical application for the treatment of human oral MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boonsil Jang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 38063, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and Biodegradable Material, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Pyo Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and Biodegradable Material, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- Chaon, 301-3, 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|