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Hu K, Huang MJ, Ling S, Li YX, Cao XY, Chen YF, Lei JM, Fu WZ, Tan BF. LncRNA CASC11 upregulation promotes HDAC4 to alleviate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:758-768. [PMID: 37096653 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are essential to regulate the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was conducted to analyze the functionality of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (lncRNA CASC11) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). CMECs were treated with ox-LDL to induce the CAD cell model. The cellular expression levels of CASC11 and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Cell absorbance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, tube formation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The subcellular localization of CASC11 was examined by the nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assay. The binding of human antigen R (HuR) to CASC11 and HDAC4 was analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation. HDAC4 stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CASC11 was found to be decreased in the CAD cell model. CASC11 upregulation increased cell viability and angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis and inflammation. CASC11 bound to HuR and improved HDAC4 expression. HDAC4 downregulation counteracted the protective role of CASC11 overexpression in CMECs. In summary, CASC11 alleviated ox-LDL-induced injury of CMECs by binding to HuR and stabilizing HDAC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Min-Jiang Huang
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sha Ling
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yu-Xian Li
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Cao
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yue-Fu Chen
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lei
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Bi-Feng Tan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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2
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Song B, Dang H, Dong R. Differential Expression of LOXL1-AS1 in Coronary Heart Disease and its Regulatory Mechanism in ox-LDL-Induced Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:75-87. [PMID: 34633594 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a notable contributor to the burden of human health. Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CHD. This study investigated the expression pattern of lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 in CHD and its regulatory mechanism in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) pyroptosis. METHODS Serum was collected from 62 CHD patients and 62 healthy volunteers for the detection of LOXL1-AS1 expression. The value of LOXL1-AS1 in CHD diagnosis and major cardiovascular adverse event (MACE) prediction was analyzed using the ROC curve. LOXL1-AS1, miR-16-5p, and SNX16 expressions in ox-LDL-treated HCAECs were determined using RT-qPCR. NLPR3, cleaved-caspase-1, and GSDMD-N protein levels were measured using Western blot. IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations were measured using ELISA. The binding relationships between LOXL1-AS1 and miR-16-5p and miR-16-5p and SNX16 were verified. Functional rescue experiment was performed to verify the role of miR-16-5p in HCAEC pyroptosis. RESULTS LOXL1-AS1 was highly expressed in CHD patients. LOXL1-AS1 had diagnostic value for CHD and predictive value for MACE occurrence. ox-LDL-treated HCAECs showed reduced viability, increased IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations, and elevated NLPR3, cleaved-caspase-1, and GSDMD-N levels. LOXL1-AS1 silencing promoted cell viability and reduced pyroptosis. LOXL1-AS1 bound to miR-16-5p and miR-16-5p targeted SNX16. Inhibition of miR-16-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of LOXL1-AS1 silencing on HCAEC pyroptosis. CONCLUSION LOXL1-AS1 was elevated in CHD patients with a good diagnostic value for CHD and predictive value for MACE. LOXL1-AS1 downregulated miR-16-5p expression by binding to miR-16-5p to enhance ox-LDL-induced HCAEC pyroptosis, which may be associated with upregulation of SNX16 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangrong Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Dang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093985. [PMID: 36776394 PMCID: PMC9910335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Baofeng Yang,
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Bai C, Wang J, Li J. Transcription factor GATA1 represses oxidized-low density lipoprotein-induced pyroptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 83:81-92. [PMID: 36120774 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder underly the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial pyroptosis is associated with AS-like diseases and other CVDs. OBJECTIVE This work was designed to expound on the effect of GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA1) on pyroptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) in AS. METHODS HCAECs were treated with oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish HCAEC injury models. Plasmids for overexpressing GATA1 or silencing retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) were transfected into HCAECs. Thereafter, the mRNA levels of GATA1 and RORα in HCAECs were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HCAEC viability was examined using the cell counting kit-8 method. The levels of pyroptosis-related proteins NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved-Caspase-1, N-terminal of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and pyroptosis-related inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were determined using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The targeting relationship between GATA1 and RORα was verified using the chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay. Then, the rescue experiment was conducted to explore the effect of RORα on pyroptosis of ox-LDL-treated HCAECs. RESULTS In ox-LDL-treated HCAECs, GATA1 and RORα expressions were decreased, HCAEC viability was reduced, and the levels of NLRP3, cleaved-Caspase1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18 were elevated. GATA1 overexpression increased HCAEC viability and attenuated pyroptosis. GATA1 bound to the RORα promoter region to stimulate RORα transcription, and RORα suppression facilitated ox-LDL-induced pyroptosis of HCAECs. CONCLUSIONS GATA1 activated RORα transcription and therefore limited pyroptosis of ox-LDL-treated HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lin C, Jiang Z, Cao L, Zou H, Zhu X. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:196. [PMID: 35974386 PMCID: PMC9380340 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease with high mortality, which is featured by inflammation, vascular damage, and aggressive fibrosis. To date, the pathogenesis of SSc remains unclear and effective treatments are still under research. Active NLRP3 recruits downstream proteins such as ASC and caspase-1 and assembles into inflammasome, resulting in excretion of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-18, as well as in pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin D. Various studies demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome might be involved in the mechanism of tenosynovitis, arthritis, fibrosis, and vascular damage. The pathophysiological changes might be due to the activation of proinflammatory Th2 cells, profibrotic M2 macrophages, B cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Here, we review the studies focused on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, its association with innate and adaptive immune cells, endothelium injury, and differentiation of fibroblasts in SSc. Furthermore, we summarize the prospect of therapy targeting NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixing Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Cai Y, Zhou Y, Li Z, Xia P, ChenFu X, Shi A, Zhang J, Yu P. Non-coding RNAs in necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:909716. [PMID: 35990979 PMCID: PMC9386081 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.909716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in the genetic programming and gene regulation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality are rising and have become a primary public health issue that requires immediate resolution through effective intervention. Numerous studies have revealed that new types of cell death, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, play critical cellular roles in CVD progression. It is worth noting that ncRNAs are critical novel regulators of cardiovascular risk factors and cell functions by mediating pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Thus, ncRNAs can be regarded as promising therapeutic targets for treating and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the mediation of ncRNAs on three types of cell death in regulating tissue homeostasis and pathophysiological conditions in CVDs. Although our understanding of ncRNAs remains in its infancy, the studies reviewed here may provide important new insights into how ncRNAs interact with CVDs. This review summarizes what is known about the functions of ncRNAs in modulating cell death-associated CVDs and their role in CVDs, as well as their current limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinxi ChenFu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Ao Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jing Zhang
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Yu
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Ye J, Li L, Wang M, Ma Q, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu J, Li B, Zhang B, Liu H, Sun G. Diabetes Mellitus Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis: The Role of NLRP3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900254. [PMID: 35844498 PMCID: PMC9277049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus, involving a variety of pathogenic factors. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Although the ability of diabetes to promote atherosclerosis has been demonstrated, a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to identifying new targets. NLRP3 plays an important role in both diabetes and atherosclerosis. While the diversity of its activation modes is one of the underlying causes of complex effects in the progression of diabetes and atherosclerosis, it also provides many new insights for targeted interventions in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Haitao Liu,
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Haitao Liu,
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Fang C, Zuo K, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhong J, Xu L, Yang X. Association of plasma Ninjurin-1 and SYNTAX score in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Biochem 2022; 108:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Circ_ROBO2/miR-186-5p/TRIM14 axis regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury. Regen Ther 2022; 20:138-146. [PMID: 35620639 PMCID: PMC9111929 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main risks of death, which is mainly caused by coronary arteries arteriosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have shown important regulatory roles in cardiovascular diseases. We amid to explore the role of circ_ROBO2 in CAD. Methods Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were served as the cellular model of CAD. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assay were performed to detect RNA levels and protein levels, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry was employed for measuring cell apoptosis. Matrigel tube formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis ability. The intermolecular interaction was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays. Results The expression of circ_ROBO2 was upregulated in CAD patients and ox-LDL-induced CMECs. Treatment of ox-LDL suppressed cell proliferation and angiogenic ability as well as promoted the apoptosis of CMECs partly by upregulating circ_ROBO2. MicroRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p) was identified as a target of circ_ROBO2, and circ_ROBO2 knockdown attenuated ox-LDL-induced damage in CMECs by sponging miR-186-5p. Tripartite motif containing 14 (TRIM14) acted as a target of miR-186-5p, and TRIM14 overexpression alleviated miR-186-5p-mediated inhibitory effect on ox-LDL-induced injury in CMECs. Circ_ROBO2 positively regulated TRIM14 expression by sponging miR-186-5p. Conclusion Circ_ROBO2 played a promoting role in ox-LDL-induced CMECs injury by sponging miR-186-5p and regulating TRIM14, providing a promising treatment strategy for CAD.
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Jiang H, Zhou Y, Nabavi SM, Sahebkar A, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J, Ge J. Mechanisms of Oxidized LDL-Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Consequences for the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925923. [PMID: 35722128 PMCID: PMC9199460 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an immuno-metabolic disease involving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, and metabolic dysfunction. There is compelling evidence suggesting numerous modifications including the change of the size, density, and biochemical properties in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within the vascular wall. These modifications of LDL, in addition to LDL transcytosis and retention, contribute to the initiation, development and clinical consequences of atherosclerosis. Among different atherogenic modifications of LDL, oxidation represents a primary modification. A series of pathophysiological changes caused by oxidized LDL (oxLDL) enhance the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaques. OxLDL also promotes the development of fatty streaks and atherogenesis through induction of endothelial dysfunction, formation of foam cells, monocyte chemotaxis, proliferation and migration of SMCs, and platelet activation, which culminate in plaque instability and ultimately rupture. This article provides a concise review of the formation of oxLDL, enzymes mediating LDL oxidation, and the receptors and pro-atherogenic signaling pathways of oxLDL in vascular cells. The review also explores how oxLDL functions in different stages of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Future targeted pathways and therapies aiming at reducing LDL oxidation and/or lowering oxLDL levels and oxLDL-mediated pro-inflammatory responses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter J. Little
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suowen Xu ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-5217
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Jianping Weng ; orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-1697
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Ge ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-6049
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently identified mechanism of programmed cell death related to Caspase-1 that triggers a series of inflammatory reactions by releasing several proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. The process is characterised by the rupture of cell membranes and the release of cell contents through the mediation of gasdermin (GSDM) proteins. GSDMD is an important member of the GSDM family and plays a critical role in the two pathways of pyroptosis. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Recently, it was revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we focus on two types of kidney cells, tubular epithelial cells and renal podocytes, to illustrate the mechanism of pyroptosis in DN and provide new ideas for the prevention, early diagnosis and molecular therapy of DN.
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Kianmehr A, Qujeq D, Bagheri A, Mahrooz A. Oxidized LDL-regulated microRNAs for evaluating vascular endothelial function: molecular mechanisms and potential biomarker roles in atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:40-53. [PMID: 34523391 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1974334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As a simple monolayer, vascular endothelial cells can respond to physicochemical stimuli. In addition to promoting the formation of foam cells, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic process through different mechanisms, including endothelial cell dysfunction. As conserved noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) naturally lie in different genomic positions and post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of many genes. They participate in integrated networks formed under stress to maintain cellular homeostasis, vascular inflammation, and metabolism. These small RNAs constitute therapeutic targets in different diseases, including atherosclerosis, and their role as biomarkers is crucial given their detectability even years before the emergence of diseases. This review was performed to investigate the role of ox-LDL-regulated miRNAs in atherosclerosis, their molecular mechanisms, and their application as biomarkers of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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14
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Guo S, Chen R, Zhang L, Wu M, Wei Y, Dai W, Jiang Y, Kong X. microRNA-22-3p plays a protective role in a murine asthma model through the inhibition of the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β axis. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1829-1838. [PMID: 33932961 DOI: 10.1113/ep089575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does miR-22-3p exert a protective role in asthma? What is the main finding and its importance? Upregulation of miR-22-3p hampered airway inflammation and release of inflammatory cytokines through blocking the activation of the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β signalling pathway in asthma. ABSTRACT Asthma, a great public health burden, is triggered by inflammatory responses in the airways and these are not addressed appropriately by current therapies. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) on the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a murine asthma model challenged by ovalbumin. We first confirmed the downregulation of miR-22-3p in the murine asthma model and bronchial epithelial cells. miR-22-3p remarkably reversed the decline in bronchial epithelial cell viability, enhancement in apoptosis rate and release of inflammatory factors induced by LPS. miR-22-3p targeted and conversely regulated NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). Overexpression of NLRP3 counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-22-3p on inflammatory damage in bronchial epithelial cells through activation of caspase-1/interleukin (IL)-1β. In an in vivo model, overexpression of miR-22-3p significantly attenuated airway obstruction and tissue damage in mice. In summary, our study underscores that miR-22-3p serves both as a negative regulator of the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β axis and as a protective factor against the inflammatory response, suggesting a future therapeutic role in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
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15
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He X, Fan X, Bai B, Lu N, Zhang S, Zhang L. Pyroptosis is a critical immune-inflammatory response involved in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105447. [PMID: 33516832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death activated by various stimuli and is characterized by inflammasome assembly, membrane pore formation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cholesterol crystals, have been shown to promote pyroptosis through several mechanisms that involve ion flux, ROS, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal rupture, Golgi function, autophagy, noncoding RNAs, post-translational modifications, and the expression of related molecules. Pyroptosis of endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can induce plaque instability and accelerate atherosclerosis progression. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroptosis and the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Nanjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- General Surgery, Harbin Changzheng Hospital, 363 Xuan Hua Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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16
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Balla G, Balla J. Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) in Hemolytic and Hemorrhagic Vascular Disorders-Interaction between the Heme Oxygenase and H 2S-Producing Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010047. [PMID: 33374506 PMCID: PMC7793096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial work has established that hemoglobin oxidation and heme release play a pivotal role in hemolytic/hemorrhagic disorders. Recent reports have shown that oxidized hemoglobins, globin-derived peptides, and heme trigger diverse biological responses, such as toll-like receptor 4 activation with inflammatory response, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, differentiation, stress, and even death. Here, we discuss these cellular responses with particular focus on their mechanisms that are linked to the pathological consequences of hemorrhage and hemolysis. In recent years, endogenous gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have gained a lot of interest in connection with various human pathologies. Thus, many CO and H2S-releasing molecules have been developed and applied in various human disorders, including hemolytic and hemorrhagic diseases. Here, we discuss our current understanding of oxidized hemoglobin and heme-induced cell and tissue damage with particular focus on inflammation, cellular metabolism and differentiation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hemolytic/hemorrhagic human diseases, and the potential beneficial role of CO and H2S in these pathologies. More detailed mechanistic insights into the complex pathology of hemolytic/hemorrhagic diseases through heme oxygenase-1/CO as well as H2S pathways would reveal new therapeutic approaches that can be exploited for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-500/55004
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