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Multitech-Based Study on Medicinal Material Basis and Action Mechanism of Herbal Formula Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao Capsule in Treatment of Osteoarthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6986372. [PMID: 36110195 PMCID: PMC9470326 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6986372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Currently, osteoarthritis (OA) is thought to be the most prevalent chronic joint disease worldwide. The epidemiology of this disorder is complex, and the treatment is challenging. Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao (XLGB) capsule, a herbal compound preparation, is widely used for the treatment of bone disorders, including OA. Although its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in clinical trials and practice, the underlying medicinal constituents and mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the medicinal constituents and mechanism of XLGB for OA treatment. The phytochemical constituents in XLGB capsule were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the medicinal constituents and therapeutic mechanism for OA treatment were deduced by network analysis, and the deduced mechanism was validated by in vitro experiment. As a result, a total of 55 constituents were detected in XLGB extract, in which 16 constituents were screened out for target collection. Based on the analysis of target profile, XLGB targets showed a high degree of similarity with OA targets. Network analysis revealed that XLGB had a holistic effect of multiple active constituents on multiple targets and pathways. The core targets of XLGB were presumed to be MAPKs, PI3K, AKT, BCL2, RELA, TNF, NOS2, and so on, and the mechanism was speculated to mainly inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response through JNK and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling cascades. Finally, in vitro study confirmed that XLGB extract protected ATDC5 cells against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced apoptosis and inflammatory response, and these effects were supposed to be involved in the inhibition of JNK and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways. Our study could provide a scientific basis for further research and clinical use of XLGB capsule.
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Li Z, Qu B, Wu X, Chen H, Wang J, Zhou L, Wu X, Zhang W. Methodology improvement for network pharmacology to correct the deviation of deduced medicinal constituents and mechanism: Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115058. [PMID: 35114343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Network pharmacology is extremely adaptive for investigating traditional ethnic drugs, especially the herbal medicines. However, challenges still hang over many related studies due to the limitations in the methodology of conventional network pharmacology. AIM OF THE STUDY Our work was aimed to investigate the methodology limitations of conventional network pharmacology with Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao (XLGB) as a representative, meanwhile, propose the strategies for coping with these issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Predicted phytochemical constituents formed virtual XLGB. The constituents in realistic XLGB samples was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to correct the constituent deviation resulted from virtual prediction. Multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative target data were used to reveal the relation of target profile between drug and disease. The key constituents and targets were screened and compared between virtual and realistic XLGB through network analysis. After enrichment analysis, reversing network pharmacology was performed to exclude weak targets and re-construct the interaction from key pathways to key targets. Finally, the core constituents and action mechanism of XLGB were deduced. RESULTS Significant deviation of phytochemical constituents was found between virtual and realistic XLGB. As expected, this deviation led to a cascade of deviation ranging from deduced key constituents to key targets and key pathways. Moreover, many key KEGG pathways were enriched and screened out, however, they were almost irrelevant to the studied disease. These results systemically illustrated the limitations in the methodology of conventional network pharmacology. Importantly, the strategies for coping with these limitations were proposed, such as high-throughput detection of the realistic samples, multivariate analysis of target profile and combined enrichment analysis. Finally, based on the improved network pharmacology, the medicinal constituents and mechanism of XLGB against osteoarthritis were effectively deduced. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlighted the necessity and proposed the strategies for improving the methodology of conventional network pharmacology. The corrected results from improved network pharmacology provided promising directions for future research on XLGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Biao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Luo MH, Zhao JL, Xu NJ, Xiao X, Feng WX, Li ZP, Zeng LF. Comparative Efficacy of Xianling Gubao Capsules in Improving Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839885. [PMID: 35250888 PMCID: PMC8895757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical efficacy of Xianling Gubao capsule (XLGB) and its combination therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) was systematically evaluated by frequency-based network meta-analysis. METHODS We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify clinical trials of XLGB for the treatment of PMOP from the establishment of each database to November 22, 2021. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by using the risk of bias assessment tool version 2.0 (Rob 2.0) recommended by Cochrane. Stata 14.0 was applied for statistical analysis of the data, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the intervention measures of each outcome index. RESULTS This study included 22 clinical trials (including 19 RCTs and 3 non-RCTs) involving 12 drug therapies. According to the results of the network meta-analysis and SUCRA, the best three interventions for improving lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) are XLGB+BP+calcium (83.7%), XLGB+BP (68.5.7%) and XLGB+VD (67.1%). XLGB+calcium was the best combination regimen for improving femoral neck BMD and increasing bone Gla protein (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents in serum. The SUCRA values of XLGB+calcium for improving the three outcome indicators were 68.0%, 59.5% and 82.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this network meta-analysis show that combined application of XLGB can effectively improve BMD and serum BGP and ALP compared to calcium alone, VD or BP. In the future, multicenter, large-sample and double-blind clinical RCTs should be carried out to supplement and verify the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-hui Luo
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-long Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-jun Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-xuan Feng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-ping Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-ping Li, ; Ling-feng Zeng,
| | - Ling-feng Zeng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-ping Li, ; Ling-feng Zeng,
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Song Z, Li Z, Wen X, Liu R, Tian X. UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously determining nucleosides and methyl-nucleosides in liver mRNA of Epimedin C-induced liver injury mouse model. Chin Med 2021; 16:91. [PMID: 34548079 PMCID: PMC8454167 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epimedin C, one of the main active ingredients of Epimedium, has been reported to have potential hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of Epimedin C-induced liver injury has not been studied. mRNA methylation, mainly including N6-methyladenosine and N5-methylcytidine, is implicated in the regulation of many biological processes and diseases. The study of quantifying mRNA methylation alterations in Epimedin C-induced liver injury mice may contribute to clarify the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity. Therefore, an analysis method needs to be established to determine nucleoside and methyl-nucleoside levels in liver mRNA. Methods An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine six nucleosides (adenosine, uridine, cytidine, guanosine, N6-methyladenosine and N5-methylcytidine) in liver mRNA. Besides, the Epimedin C-induced liver injury mouse model was studied by intragastrical administration Epimedin C at a daily dose of 10 or 40 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The nucleoside samples of the mice liver mRNA were prepared and separated on an UPLC column using 0.1% formic acid water and methanol after enzymatic digestion. Then the sample was detected by a Qtrap 6500 mass spectrometer. Results In this method, calibration curves of the six nucleosides showed good linearity over their concentration ranges. The linear ranges were 40–20,000 pg/mL for adenosine, cytidine, N6-methyladenosine and N5-methylcytidine, 0.2–100 ng/mL for guanosine, and 2–1000 ng/mL for uridine. Epimedin C-induced liver injury mouse model was successfully established,which could be proved by the elevation of serum aminotransferase levels, and the increased inflammatory cell infiltration as well as vacuolar degeneration in liver. The N6-methyladenosine and N5-methylcytidine levels, and the ratios of N6-methyladenosine to adenosine and N5-methylcytidine to cytidine of the mice liver mRNA were all significantly increased after Epimedin C treatment. Conclusion The established method was successfully applied to the determination of six nucleosides levels in liver mRNA of the Epimedin C-induced liver injury mice model and the control group. The results indicated that mRNA methylation might be associated with Epimedin C-induced liver injury. This study will facilitate the mechanism research on the hepatotoxicity of Epimedin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Yang W, Zhu W, Yang Y, Guo M, Qian H, Jiang W, Chen Y, Lian C, Xu Z, Bai H, Chen T, Zhang J. Exosomal miR-100-5p inhibits osteogenesis of hBMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs by suppressing the BMPR2/Smad1/5/9 signalling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:390. [PMID: 34256859 PMCID: PMC8278698 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a common, progressive, and refractory orthopaedic disease. Decreased osteogenesis and angiogenesis are considered the main factors in the pathogenesis of NONFH. We aimed to figure out whether exosomes and exosomal miRNA from necrotic bone tissues of patients with NONFH are involved in the pathogenesis of NONFH and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Methods RT-PCR and western blotting (WB) were used to detect the expression of osteogenic, adipogenic, and angiogenic markers. ALP staining and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Oil Red O staining was performed to assess the adipocyte deposition. A tube formation assay was used to study angiogenesis of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). H&E staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to detect the effect of the NONFH exosomes in vivo. MicroRNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulators in the NONFH exosomes. The target relationship between miR-100-5p and BMPR2 was predicted and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay and WB. Results The NONFH exosomes reduced the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs. In addition, the injection of the NONFH exosomes caused thinning and disruption of bone trabeculae in the femoral heads of rats. MiR-100-5p expression was upregulated in the NONFH exosomes and inhibited the osteogenesis of hBMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs by targeting BMPR2 and suppressing the BMPR2/SMAD1/5/9 signalling pathway. Silencing miR-100-5p expression rescued the reduction in osteogenesis and angiogenesis caused by the NONFH exosomes by activating the BMPR2/SMAD1/5/9 signalling pathway. Conclusion The NONFH exosomal miR-100-5p can lead to NONFH-like damage by targeting BMPR2 and suppressing the BMPR2/SMAD1/5/9 signalling pathway, which may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02438-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengjie Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zijie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haobo Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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