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Zhao K, Zang W, Nie E. Life cycle, education, and statistical cognitive ability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25755. [PMID: 38370209 PMCID: PMC10869874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
High statistical cognitive ability is an essential factor to achieve high-quality development in the era of artificial intelligence and big data. In this research, we use the machine learning local weighted regression algorithm to analyze the change curve of Chinese statistical cognitive ability throughout the life cycle, as well as the impact of individual education and parental education on statistical cognitive ability of 26,000 individuals from different groups of gender, age, educational background, and family background. All the data analyzed is from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). We find that the statistical cognitive ability curve is inverted U-shaped throughout the life cycle, and the years of education, parental education and individual are proportional to statistical cognitive ability. Keywords: statistical cognitive ability, machine learning, robust locally weighted and smoothing scatterplots, education, life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhao
- Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, China
| | - Wei Zang
- Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, China
| | - Erman Nie
- University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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2
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Friedrich S, Friede T. On the role of benchmarking data sets and simulations in method comparison studies. Biom J 2024; 66:e2200212. [PMID: 36810737 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Method comparisons are essential to provide recommendations and guidance for applied researchers, who often have to choose from a plethora of available approaches. While many comparisons exist in the literature, these are often not neutral but favor a novel method. Apart from the choice of design and a proper reporting of the findings, there are different approaches concerning the underlying data for such method comparison studies. Most manuscripts on statistical methodology rely on simulation studies and provide a single real-world data set as an example to motivate and illustrate the methodology investigated. In the context of supervised learning, in contrast, methods are often evaluated using so-called benchmarking data sets, that is, real-world data that serve as gold standard in the community. Simulation studies, on the other hand, are much less common in this context. The aim of this paper is to investigate differences and similarities between these approaches, to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and ultimately to develop new approaches to the evaluation of methods picking the best of both worlds. To this aim, we borrow ideas from different contexts such as mixed methods research and Clinical Scenario Evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Friedrich
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Awais M, Naqvi SMZA, Zhang H, Li L, Zhang W, Awwad FA, Ismail EAA, Khan MI, Raghavan V, Hu J. AI and machine learning for soil analysis: an assessment of sustainable agricultural practices. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:90. [PMID: 38647622 PMCID: PMC10992573 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural practices help to manage and use natural resources efficiently. Due to global climate and geospatial land design, soil texture, soil-water content (SWC), and other parameters vary greatly; thus, real time, robust, and accurate soil analytical measurements are difficult to be developed. Conventional statistical analysis tools take longer to analyze and interpret data, which may have delayed a crucial decision. Therefore, this review paper is presented to develop the researcher's insight toward robust, accurate, and quick soil analysis using artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) platforms to attain robustness in SWC and soil texture analysis. Machine learning algorithms, such as random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks, can be employed to develop predictive models based on available soil data and auxiliary environmental variables. Geostatistical techniques, including kriging and co-kriging, help interpolate and extrapolate soil property values to unsampled locations, improving the spatial representation of the data set. The false positivity in SWC results and bugs in advanced detection techniques are also evaluated, which may lead to wrong agricultural practices. Moreover, the advantages of AI data processing over general statistical analysis for robust and noise-free results have also been discussed in light of smart irrigation technologies. Conclusively, the conventional statistical tools for SWCs and soil texture analysis are not enough to practice and manage ergonomic land management. The broader geospatial non-numeric data are more suitable for AI processing that may soon help soil scientists develop a global SWC database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Linze Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fuad A Awwad
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A A Ismail
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jiandong Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Kim YH, Kim I, Kim YJ, Kim M, Cho JH, Hong M, Kang KH, Lim SH, Kim SJ, Kim N, Shin JW, Sung SJ, Baek SH, Chae HS. The prediction of sagittal chin point relapse following two-jaw surgery using machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17005. [PMID: 37813915 PMCID: PMC10562368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify critical factors associated with the surgical stability of pogonion (Pog) by applying machine learning (ML) to predict relapse following two-jaw orthognathic surgery (2 J-OGJ). The sample set comprised 227 patients (110 males and 117 females, 207 training and 20 test sets). Using lateral cephalograms taken at the initial evaluation (T0), pretreatment (T1), after (T2) 2 J-OGS, and post treatment (T3), 55 linear and angular skeletal and dental surgical movements (T2-T1) were measured. Six ML modes were utilized, including classification and regression trees (CART), conditional inference tree (CTREE), and random forest (RF). The training samples were classified into three groups; highly significant (HS) (≥ 4), significant (S) (≥ 2 and < 4), and insignificant (N), depending on Pog relapse. RF indicated that the most important variable that affected relapse rank prediction was ramus inclination (RI), CTREE and CART revealed that a clockwise rotation of more than 3.7 and 1.8 degrees of RI was a risk factor for HS and S groups, respectively. RF, CTREE, and CART were practical tools for predicting surgical stability. More than 1.8 degrees of CW rotation of the ramus during surgery would lead to significant Pog relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ji Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mihee Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Shin
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Sung
- Department of Orthodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Chae
- Department of Orthodontics, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chungang University, Gwangmyeong, Korea.
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Vorisek CN, Stellmach C, Mayer PJ, Klopfenstein SAI, Bures DM, Diehl A, Henningsen M, Ritter K, Thun S. Artificial Intelligence Bias in Health Care: Web-Based Survey. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e41089. [PMID: 37347528 PMCID: PMC10337406 DOI: 10.2196/41089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resources are increasingly spent on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for medical applications aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. While the need for transparency and reduction of bias in data and algorithm development has been addressed in past studies, little is known about the knowledge and perception of bias among AI developers. OBJECTIVE This study's objective was to survey AI specialists in health care to investigate developers' perceptions of bias in AI algorithms for health care applications and their awareness and use of preventative measures. METHODS A web-based survey was provided in both German and English language, comprising a maximum of 41 questions using branching logic within the REDCap web application. Only the results of participants with experience in the field of medical AI applications and complete questionnaires were included for analysis. Demographic data, technical expertise, and perceptions of fairness, as well as knowledge of biases in AI, were analyzed, and variations among gender, age, and work environment were assessed. RESULTS A total of 151 AI specialists completed the web-based survey. The median age was 30 (IQR 26-39) years, and 67% (101/151) of respondents were male. One-third rated their AI development projects as fair (47/151, 31%) or moderately fair (51/151, 34%), 12% (18/151) reported their AI to be barely fair, and 1% (2/151) not fair at all. One participant identifying as diverse rated AI developments as barely fair, and among the 2 undefined gender participants, AI developments were rated as barely fair or moderately fair, respectively. Reasons for biases selected by respondents were lack of fair data (90/132, 68%), guidelines or recommendations (65/132, 49%), or knowledge (60/132, 45%). Half of the respondents worked with image data (83/151, 55%) from 1 center only (76/151, 50%), and 35% (53/151) worked with national data exclusively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the perception of biases in AI overall is moderately fair. Gender minorities did not once rate their AI development as fair or very fair. Therefore, further studies need to focus on minorities and women and their perceptions of AI. The results highlight the need to strengthen knowledge about bias in AI and provide guidelines on preventing biases in AI health care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nina Vorisek
- Core Facility Digital Medicine and Interoperability, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Stellmach
- Core Facility Digital Medicine and Interoperability, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Josephine Mayer
- Core Facility Digital Medicine and Interoperability, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Anne Ines Klopfenstein
- Core Facility Digital Medicine and Interoperability, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anke Diehl
- Stabsstelle Digitale Transformation, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Henningsen
- Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thun
- Core Facility Digital Medicine and Interoperability, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Leitgöb H, Prandner D, Wolbring T. Editorial: Big data and machine learning in sociology. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1173155. [PMID: 37229284 PMCID: PMC10203698 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1173155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Leitgöb
- Institute of Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Sociology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Wolbring
- Institute of Labour Market and Socioeconomics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Cummiskey K, Lübke K. Causality in statistics and data science education. ASTA WIRTSCHAFTS- UND SOZIALSTATISTISCHES ARCHIV 2022. [PMCID: PMC9645302 DOI: 10.1007/s11943-022-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Statisticians and data scientists transform raw data into understanding and insight. Ideally, these insights empower people to act and make better decisions. However, data is often misleading especially when trying to draw conclusions about causality (for example, Simpson’s paradox). Therefore, developing causal thinking in undergraduate statistics and data science programs is important. However, there is very little guidance in the education literature about what topics and learning outcomes, specific to causality, are most important. In this paper, we propose a causality curriculum for undergraduate statistics and data science programs. Students should be able to think causally, which is defined as a broad pattern of thinking that enables individuals to appropriately assess claims of causality based upon statistical evidence. They should understand how the data generating process affects their conclusions and how to incorporate knowledge from subject matter experts in areas of application. Important topics in causality for the undergraduate curriculum include the potential outcomes framework and counterfactuals, measures of association versus causal effects, confounding, causal diagrams, and methods for estimating causal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cummiskey
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, 10996 West Point, NY USA
| | - Karsten Lübke
- ifes Institute for Empirical Research & Statistics, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Dortmund, Germany
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Marmolejo-Ramos F, Ospina R, García-Ceja E, Correa JC. Ingredients for Responsible Machine Learning: A Commented Review of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Responsible Machine Learning. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 21:175-185. [PMID: 36160758 PMCID: PMC9483296 DOI: 10.1007/s44199-022-00048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn The hitchhiker’s guide to responsible machine learning, Biecek, Kozak, and Zawada (here BKZ) provide an illustrated and engaging step-by-step guide on how to perform a machine learning (ML) analysis such that the algorithms, the software, and the entire process is interpretable and transparent for both the data scientist and the end user. This review summarises BKZ’s book and elaborates on three elements key to ML analyses: inductive inference, causality, and interpretability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
- Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Raydonal Ospina
- CASTLab, Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 51280-000 Brazil
| | - Enrique García-Ceja
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Juan C. Correa
- CESA Business School, Bogotá, Bogotá, DC, 110231 Colombia
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On the role of data, statistics and decisions in a pandemic. ASTA ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 2022; 106:349-382. [PMID: 35432617 PMCID: PMC8988552 DOI: 10.1007/s10182-022-00439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A pandemic poses particular challenges to decision-making because of the need to continuously adapt decisions to rapidly changing evidence and available data. For example, which countermeasures are appropriate at a particular stage of the pandemic? How can the severity of the pandemic be measured? What is the effect of vaccination in the population and which groups should be vaccinated first? The process of decision-making starts with data collection and modeling and continues to the dissemination of results and the subsequent decisions taken. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of this process and to provide recommendations for the different steps from a statistical perspective. In particular, we discuss a range of modeling techniques including mathematical, statistical and decision-analytic models along with their applications in the COVID-19 context. With this overview, we aim to foster the understanding of the goals of these modeling approaches and the specific data requirements that are essential for the interpretation of results and for successful interdisciplinary collaborations. A special focus is on the role played by data in these different models, and we incorporate into the discussion the importance of statistical literacy and of effective dissemination and communication of findings.
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Goodwin AJ, Eytan D, Dixon W, Goodfellow SD, Doherty Z, Greer RW, McEwan A, Tracy M, Laussen PC, Assadi A, Mazwi M. Timing errors and temporal uncertainty in clinical databases-A narrative review. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:932599. [PMID: 36060541 PMCID: PMC9433547 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.932599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A firm concept of time is essential for establishing causality in a clinical setting. Review of critical incidents and generation of study hypotheses require a robust understanding of the sequence of events but conducting such work can be problematic when timestamps are recorded by independent and unsynchronized clocks. Most clinical models implicitly assume that timestamps have been measured accurately and precisely, but this custom will need to be re-evaluated if our algorithms and models are to make meaningful use of higher frequency physiological data sources. In this narrative review we explore factors that can result in timestamps being erroneously recorded in a clinical setting, with particular focus on systems that may be present in a critical care unit. We discuss how clocks, medical devices, data storage systems, algorithmic effects, human factors, and other external systems may affect the accuracy and precision of recorded timestamps. The concept of temporal uncertainty is introduced, and a holistic approach to timing accuracy, precision, and uncertainty is proposed. This quantitative approach to modeling temporal uncertainty provides a basis to achieve enhanced model generalizability and improved analytical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Goodwin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danny Eytan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - William Dixon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian D. Goodfellow
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zakary Doherty
- Research Fellow, School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert W. Greer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alistair McEwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Tracy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C. Laussen
- Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Azadeh Assadi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mjaye Mazwi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Huang ST, Lederer J. DeepMoM: Robust Deep Learning With Median-of-Means. J Comput Graph Stat 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2022.2090947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Faes L, Sim DA, van Smeden M, Held U, Bossuyt PM, Bachmann LM. Artificial Intelligence and Statistics: Just the Old Wine in New Wineskins? Front Digit Health 2022; 4:833912. [PMID: 35156082 PMCID: PMC8825497 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.833912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Faes
- Medical Retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Medignition Inc., Research Consultants, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Livia Faes
| | - Dawn A. Sim
- Medical Retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van Smeden
- Julius Center for Health Science and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Held
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Bossuyt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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