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Gong XX, Cao LH, Ni HX, Zang ZY, Chang H. Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: From clinical evidence to potential mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118179. [PMID: 38636575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, characterized by proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. At present, there are limited clinical interventions aimed at preventing the progression of DN to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, Chinese herbal medicine presents a distinct therapeutic approach that can be effectively combined with conventional Western medicine treatments to safeguard renal function. This combination holds considerable practical implications for the treatment of DN. AIM OF THE STUDY This review covers commonly used Chinese herbal remedies and decoctions applicable to various types of DN, and we summarize the role played by their active ingredients in the treatment of DN and their mechanisms, which includes how they might improve inflammation and metabolic abnormalities to provide new ideas to cope with the development of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the keywords "diabetic nephropathy," "Chinese herbal medicine," "clinical effectiveness," and "bioactive components," we conducted an extensive literature search of several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang database, to discover studies on herbal formulas that were effective in slowing the progression of DN. The names of the plants covered in the review have been checked at MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS This review demonstrates the superior total clinical effective rate of combining Chinese herbal medicines with Western medicines over the use of Western medicines alone, as evidenced by summarizing the results of several clinical trials. Furthermore, the review highlights the nephroprotective effects of seven frequently used herbs exerting beneficial effects such as podocyte repair, anti-fibrosis of renal tissues, and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism through multiple signaling pathways in the treatment of DN. CONCLUSIONS The potential of herbs in treating DN is evident from their excellent effectiveness and the ability of different herbs to target various symptoms of the condition. However, limitations arise from the deficiencies in interfacing with objective bioindicators, which hinder the integration of herbal therapies into modern medical practice. Further research is warranted to address these limitations and enhance the compatibility of herbal therapies with contemporary medical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Gong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Lin-Hai Cao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ni
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zi-Yan Zang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hui Chang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Jia C, Ren C, Zhao X, Zhang X. Niaoduqing alleviates podocyte injury in high glucose model via regulating multiple targets and AGE/RAGE pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1047184. [PMID: 36923354 PMCID: PMC10009170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1047184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of present study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Niaoduqing granules on the treatment of podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods: Active ingredients and related targets of Niaoduqing, as well as related genes of podocyte injury, proteinuria and DN, were obtained from public databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. High glucose (HG) -induced MPC5 cell injury model was treated with the major core active ingredients of Niaoduqing and used to validate the predicted targets and signaling pathways. Results: Totally, 16 potential therapeutic targets were identified by intersecting the targets of Niaoduqing and disease, in which 7 of them were considered as the core targets via PPI network analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway was identified as the most crucial signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that the treatment of Niaoduqing active ingredients significantly protected MPC5 cells from HG-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Niaoduqing could significantly attenuate the HG-induced activation of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, whereas inhibited the over-expression of VEGF-A, ICAM-1, PTGS-2 and ACE in HG-induced MPC5 cells. Conclusion: Niaoduqing might protect against podocyte injury in DN through regulating the activity of AGE/RAGE pathway and expression of multiple genes. Further clinical and animal experimental studies are necessary to confirm present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Ren
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xutao Zhao
- Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhang,
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Li X, Zheng J, Wang J, Tang X, Zhang F, Liu S, Liao Y, Chen X, Xie W, Tang Y. Effects of Uremic Clearance Granules on p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway, Microbial and Metabolic Profiles in End-Stage Renal Disease Rats Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2529-2544. [PMID: 35946040 PMCID: PMC9357387 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhu Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqiang Liao
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yang Tang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Qingnian Road, Suite 23, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
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Comparative Efficacy of Seven Chinese Patent Medicines for Early Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Complement Ther Med 2022; 67:102831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Zheng Y, Wang NS, Liu YN, He LQ, Jian GH, Liu XS, Ni ZH, Cheng XH, Lin HL, Zhou WH, Wang YP, Fang JA, He YN, Yang HT, Zhao LJ, Ding HL, Wang LH, Yu RH, Li WG, Ye ZM, Guo W, Zhan YL, Mao HJ, Hu Z, Yao C, Cai GY, Chen XM. Effects of Niaoduqing Particles () on Delaying Progression of Renal Dysfunction: A Post-trial, Open-Label, Follow-up Study. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:168-174. [PMID: 30467695 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To follow up the participants of the randomized clinical trial "Efficacy and Safety of Niaoduqing Particles () for Delaying Moderate-to-Severe Renal Dysfunction", and assess the long-term effects of Niaoduqing Particles on delaying the progression of renal dysfunction. METHODS Participants, who had previously been randomly assigned to receive Niaoduqing Particles or placebo for 24 weeks (146 cases in each group), were invited to follow-up and all were administered Niaoduqing Particles 5 g thrice daily and 10 g before bedtime for 24 weeks. The primary endpoints were changes in baseline serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after completion of the open-label treatment period. RESULTS After the double-blind period, the median (interquartile range) changes in Scr were 1.1 (-13.0-24.1) and 11.7 (-2.6-42.9) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.008), and the median changes in eGFRs were-0.2 (-4.3-2.7) and-2.21 (-5.7-0.8) mL•min-1•1.73 m-2, respectively (P=0.016). There were significant differences in the double-blind period changes in renal function between groups. After the open-label period, the median changes in Scr were 9.0 (-10.0-41.9) and 17.5 (-6.0-50.0) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups according to baseline grouping, respectively (P=0.214), and the median changes in eGFRs were-2.3 (-6.4-1.9) and-3.7 (-7.5-1.1) mL•min-1•1.73 m-2, respectively (P=0.134). There were no statistical differences in the open-label period changes in renal function between groups. The eGFR reduction of participants who accepted Niaoduqing Particle treatment for 48 weeks was projected to 2.5 mL•min-1•1.73 m-2 per year. CONCLUSION Niaoduqing Particles appear to have long-term efficacy for patients with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction. Although there was no statistical difference, the early use of Niaoduqing Paticles seems to ameliorate the worsening of renal function. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Nian-Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu-Ning Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Qun He
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jian
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Hong-Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing-Ai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Han-Lu Ding
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ren-Huan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Wang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hui-Juan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Wang X, Yu S, Jia Q, Chen L, Zhong J, Pan Y, Shen P, Shen Y, Wang S, Wei Z, Cao Y, Lu Y. NiaoDuQing granules relieve chronic kidney disease symptoms by decreasing renal fibrosis and anemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55920-55937. [PMID: 28915563 PMCID: PMC5593534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NiaoDuQing (NDQ) granules, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used in China for over fourteen years to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of NDQ, we designed an approach incorporating chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, network biology methods, and cellular and molecular biology experiments. A total of 182 active compounds were identified in NDQ granules, and 397 putative targets associated with different diseases were derived through ADME modelling and target prediction tools. Protein-protein interaction networks of CKD-related and putative NDQ targets were constructed, and 219 candidate targets were identified based on topological features. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the candidate targets were mostly related to the TGF-β, the p38MAPK, and the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor signaling pathways, which are known contributors to renal fibrosis and/or renal anemia. A rat model of CKD was established to validate the drug-target mechanisms predicted by the systems pharmacology analysis. Experimental results confirmed that NDQ granules exerted therapeutic effects on CKD and its comorbidities, including renal anemia, mainly by modulating the TGF-β and EPO signaling pathways. Thus, the pharmacological actions of NDQ on CKD symptoms correlated well with in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lichuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Huang YR, Wei QX, Wan YG, Sun W, Mao ZM, Chen HL, Meng XJ, Shi XM, Tu Y, Zhu Q. Ureic clearance granule, alleviates renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation in renal failure rats, compared with enalapril. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1541-1552. [PMID: 25087615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal compound prescription has a unique therapeutic action on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. In clinics, Uremic Clearance Granules (UCG), a compounded Chinese patent medicine, has been frequently used to treat chronic renal failure (CRF) patients for nearly 30 years, however, the deep therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo remain a challenge. This study aims to demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of UCG on renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/Smad signaling activity in vivo, compared with enalapril. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, a sham-operated group (Sham group), a vehicle-intervened group (Vehicle group), a UCG-treated group (UCG group) (5g/kg/day) and an enalapril-treated group (Enalapril group) (20mg/kg/day). The rats with renal failure were induced by adenine (150 mg/kg/day) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and killed on day 35 after the administration. Proteinuria, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), blood biochemical parameters, renal morphological changes, collagen type IV (CIV), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, as well as the key molecular protein expressions in TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathway were observed, respectively. RESULTS Adenine administration and UUO induced severe renal damages, as indicated by renal dysfunction, proteinuria and the marked histopathological injuries in the tubules and interstitium, which were associated with MMP-2/TIMP-1 imbalance and TGF-beta1/Smad signaling activity, as shown by up-regulation of the protein expressions of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptor type I (RI), TGF-beta receptor type II (RII), Smad2/3, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad4, as well as down-regulation of the protein expression of Smad7 in the kidney. UCG treatment, however, significantly not only attenuated renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but also improved the protein expressions of MMP-2, TIMP-1, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta RI, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and Smad7 in the kidney. Besides, the effects of UCG were stronger than those of enalapril partly. CONCLUSION UCG similar to enalapril, is renoprotective via ameliorating renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the renal failure model. The potential mechanisms by which UCG exerts its therapeutical effects in vivo are through promoting ECM degradation and regulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 balance or signaling molecular activity in TGF-beta1/Smad pathway in the kidney. These findings suggest that UCG treatment is undoubtedly useful in preventing the progression of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Huang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Qing-Xue Wei
- Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Mao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Hao-Li Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xian-Jie Meng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xi-Miao Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Guangzhou Consun Drug Research Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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