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Wang S, Ji T, Wang L, Qu Y, Wang X, Wang W, Lv M, Wang Y, Li X, Jiang P. Exploration of the mechanism by which Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction inhibits Lps-induced inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36624435 PMCID: PMC9830836 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HQGZWWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulation with significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Through network pharmacology and experimental validation, this study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of HQGZWWD in regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation. METHODS The active components were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), whereas the corresponding targets were obtained from the TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction database. The GeneCards database identified targets associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation. Multiple networks were developed to identify the key compounds, principal biological processes, and pathways of HQGZWWD that regulate macrophage polarization and inflammation. Autodock Vina is utilized to assess the binding ability between targets and active compounds. Finally, confirm the experiment's central hypothesis. Human histiocytic lymphoma (U-937) cells were transformed into M1 macrophages following stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the effect of HQGZWWD drug-containing mouse serum (HQGZWWD serum) on regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation. RESULTS A total of 54 active components and 859 HQGZWWD targets were obtained. There were 9972 targets associated with macrophage polarization and 11,109 targets associated with inflammation. After screening, 34 overlapping targets were identified, of which 5 were identified as central targets confirmed by experiments, including the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAchR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and growth factor beta (TGF-β1). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 34 overlapping targets were enriched in multiple pathways associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation, including the TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that the majority of HQGZWWD's compounds can bind to the target. In vitro experiments, HQGZWWD serum was shown to up-regulate the expression of α7 nAchR, reduce the number of M1 macrophages, stimulate the production of M2 macrophages, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL1-β, and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. CONCLUSION HQGZWWD can regulate the number of M1/M2 macrophages and the level of inflammatory cytokines, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of α7 nAchR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutong Wang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Tianshu Ji
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Lin Wang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Wenting Wang
- grid.464481.b0000 0004 4687 044XNational Clincial Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Mujie Lv
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- grid.479672.9Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011 China
| | - Xiao Li
- grid.479672.9Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011 China
| | - Ping Jiang
- grid.479672.9Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011 China
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Correlation between Palpitations below the Heart in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Autonomic Nerve Function Based on Heart Rate Variability: A Case-Control Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1945488. [PMID: 34754310 PMCID: PMC8572591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1945488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the autonomic nerve rhythm and the correlation between palpitations below the heart (PBTH) and autonomic nerve function in patients with PBTH based on heart rate variability (HRV). Methods The outpatients or ward patients of Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and divided into two groups: the PBTH group and the normal group. The HRV of each group was detected. Single-factor statistical methods, Spearman correlation analysis, and logistic regression were used to describe and analyze the rhythm and characteristics of autonomic nerves in patients with PBTH and the correlation between PBTH and autonomic nerve function. Results (1) In the comparison of HRV in different time periods in the same group, the SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, TP, and HF in the PBTH group at night were significantly higher than those in the daytime (P < 0.01), while the LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than that in the daytime (P < 0.01). (2) In the comparison of HRV between the two groups in the same time period, the RMSSD and pNN50 of the PBTH group during the daytime period were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P < 0.05), and the LF/HF was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). (3) In the Spearman correlation analysis, PBTH was significantly correlated with RMSSD, pNN50, and LF/HF ratio in the daytime period, with correlation coefficients of 0.424, 0.462, and -0.524, respectively (P < 0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of LF/HF ratio during the daytime period was an independent risk factor for PBTH in TCM (OR = 0.474, 95% CI: 0.230-0.977, P < 0.05). Conclusions The changes in parasympathetic nerve function in patients with PBTH have a circadian rhythm, which is characterized by increased activity during the nighttime. At the same time, the autonomic nerve activity of people with PBTH during the daytime is unbalanced, and the decrease of LF/HF ratio during the day is an independent high risk factor for PBTH.
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jiang P, Zhou G, Li Z, Yang J, Li X. Potential mechanisms of Guizhi decoction against hypertension based on network pharmacology and Dahl salt-sensitive rat model. Chin Med 2021; 16:34. [PMID: 33906674 PMCID: PMC8077739 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guizhi decoction (GZD), a classical Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods The active ingredients and corresponding targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets related to hypertension were identified from the CTD, GeneCards, OMIM and Drugbank databases. Multiple networks were constructed to identify the key compounds, hub targets, and main biological processes and pathways of GZD against hypertension. The Surflex-Dock software was used to validate the binding affinity between key targets and their corresponding active compounds. The Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GZD against hypertension. Results A total of 112 active ingredients, 222 targets of GZD and 341 hypertension-related targets were obtained. Furthermore, 56 overlapping targets were identified, five of which were determined as the hub targets for experimental verification, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), C–C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9. Pathway enrichment analysis results indicated that 56 overlapping targets were mainly enriched in several inflammation pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that most active compounds of GZD could bind tightly to the key targets. Experimental studies revealed that the administration of GZD improved blood pressure, reduced the area of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited the expression of IL-6, CCL2, IL-1β, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rats. Conclusion The potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension may be attributed to the regulation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00446-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
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Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang Maintains Cardiac Function during Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Salt-Sensitive Rats by Regulating the Imbalance of Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:9467271. [PMID: 33628295 PMCID: PMC7895587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9467271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The anatomical and functional imbalances of sympathetic nerves are associated with cardiovascular disease progression. Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in eastern Asia for thousands of years. We determined the effect of XQLT in maintaining cardiac function during heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with respect to its neurobiological effects in salt-sensitive rats. Methods Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were fed a high-salt diet to establish an HFrEF model and were divided into model (DS, administered normal saline) and XQL groups (administrated XQLT) randomly, with SS-13BN rats being used as the control. The bodyweight and blood pressure of rats were observed regularly. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were determined to assess cardiac function. The sympathetic tune and myocardial morphological changes were evaluated. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assay the expression of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) were assayed to confirm sympathetic remodeling. The micromorphological changes in cardiac sympathetic nerve endings were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Four weeks after XQLT treatment, cardiac function and bodyweight were higher and blood pressure was lower than that of the DS group. Myocardial noradrenaline (NA) increased, while the plasma NA level decreased significantly. The morphology demonstrated that XQLT significantly alleviated myocardial damage. XQLT decreased the expression of LIF, increased the expression of NGF, enhanced the TH+/GAP43+ and TH+/CHAT + positive nerve fiber density, and improved the TH and GAP43 protein expression, but had no effect on CHAT. Moreover, XQLT improved the micromorphology of sympathetic nerve endings in the myocardium. Conclusion XQLT maintains cardiac function during HFrEF in salt-sensitive rats, in part, by regulating the imbalance of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
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Wang Q, Luo C, Lu G, Chen Z. Effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-p53-Krüppel-like factor 2a pathway in hyperglycemia-induced cardiac remodeling in adult zebrafish. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:320-333. [PMID: 32881390 PMCID: PMC7926222 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a type of myocardial disease. It causes left ventricular hypertrophy, followed by diastolic and systolic dysfunction, eventually leading to congestive heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism still requires further elucidation. Materials and Methods A high‐glucose zebrafish model was constructed by administering streptozocin intraperitoneally to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy and then treated with adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Cardiac structure and function, and protein and gene expression were then analyzed. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) culture in vitro using lentivirus were used for detection of AMPK, p53 and Krüppel‐like factor 2a (klf2a) gene expression. Results In the hyperglycemia group, electrocardiogram findings showed arrhythmia, echocardiography results showed heart enlargement and dysfunction, and many differences, such as increased apoptosis and myocardial fiber loss, were observed. The phospho‐AMPK and klf2a expression were downregulated, and p53 expression was upregulated. Activation of phospho‐AMPK reduced p53 and increased klf2a expression, alleviated apoptosis in CMs and improved cardiac function in the hyperglycemic zebrafish. In vitro knockdown system of AMPK, p53 and klf2a using lentivirus illustrated an increased p53 expression and decreased klf2a expression in CMs by inhibiting AMPK. Repression of p53 and upregulation of klf2a expression were observed, but no changes in the expression of AMPK and its phosphorylated type. Conclusions In the model of streptozocin‐induced hyperglycemia zebrafish, the reduction of phosphorylated AMPK increased p53, which led to KLF2a decrease to facilitate apoptosis of CMs, inducing the cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. These results can be reversed by AMPK activator, which means the AMPK–p53–klf2a pathway might be a potential target for diabetic cardiomyopathy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guizhi Decoction () Inhibits Cholinergic Transdifferentiation by Regulating Imbalance of NGF and LIF in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:188-196. [PMID: 31111424 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the imbalance of anatomical and functional innervation factors of sympathetic nerves, nerve growth factor (NGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in salt-sensitive hypertensive heart failure rats and to explore the effects of treatment with Guizhi Decoction () on sympathetic remodeling by inhibiting cholinergic transdifferentiation. METHODS SS-13BN and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were divided into 3 groups: SS-13BN group (control group, n=9), DS group (model group, n=9) and GS group (Guizhi Decoction, n=9). After 10 weeks of a high-salt diet, the GS group rats were given Guizhi Decoction and other two groups were given saline at an equal volume as a vehicle. After 4 weeks' intragastric administration, rats were executed to detect the relevant indicators. Echocardiography and plasma n-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were used to assess cardiac function. Noradrenaline (NA) levels in the plasma and myocardium were detected to evaluate the sympathetic function. NGF and LIF expression were detected in the myocardium by Western blot or quantitative real-time PCR. Double immunofluorescence or Western blot was used to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) in order to reflect anatomical and functional changes of sympathetic nerves. RESULTS DS group had anatomical and functional deterioration of sympathetic nerves in the decompensation period of heart failure compared with SS-13BN group. Compared with the DS group, Guizhi Decoction significantly decreased the expression of LIF mRNA/protein (P<0.01), increased the expression of NGF (P<0.05 or P<0.01), enhanced the levels of TH+/GAP43+ and TH+/CHAT+ positive nerve fibers (P<0.01), and improved the protein expression of TH and GAP43 in left ventricle, but had no effect on CHAT (P>0.05). Guizhi Decoction inhibited inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition of myocardial injury, increased the content of myocardial NA (P<0.05), reduced the plasma NA level (P<0.01), improved cardiac function (P<0.01), and improved weight and blood pressure to some extent (P<0.05), compared with DS group. CONCLUSIONS Guizhi Decoction could inhibit cholinergic transdifferentiation of sympathetic nerves, improve the anatomical and functional denervation of sympathetic nerves, and delay the progression of decompensated heart failure. The mechanism may be associated with the correction of the imbalance of NGF and LIF.
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Cai P, Peng Y, Chen Y, Li L, Chu W, Wang Y, Wang X. Association of thyroid function with white coat hypertension and sustained hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:674-683. [PMID: 30973206 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - YuXi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Ministry Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital Army Military Medical University Chongqing China
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Panthi S, Jing X, Gao C, Gao T. Yang-warming method in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:424. [PMID: 28841867 PMCID: PMC6389171 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies have suggested the effectiveness of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). There are several principles and methods in Chinese medicine for the treatment of DPN and yang-warming method is one of them. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to review the effectiveness and safety of yang-warming method using yang-warming Chinese medicine (YCM) in the treatment of DPN. METHODS A computer-based search of the articles from January 2001 to April 2016 with Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, Medline, Embase and Cochrane central register of controlled trials as well as manual search of the related articles was conducted. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing yang-warming Chinese medicines with western medicines in the treatment of DPN were considered for the study. The outcome measures were change in the sensory or motor nerve conduction velocity, total efficacy rate evaluated by clinical symptoms improvement, and adverse events. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included articles using Jadad scale and the twelve criteria recommended by Cochrane Back Review Group. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane collaboration. RESULTS A total of 25 articles were taken for the study. Meta-analysis results showed that yang-warming Chinese medicines used in the formula alone or in combination with western medicines improved the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in comparison to western medicines alone (p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in the total efficacy rate between the two groups (p < 0.001). Most of the included studies did not clearly report the adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Yang-warming Chinese medicines alone or in combination with western medicines were apparently better than conventional western medicines in the treatment of DPN. Because of the poor quality of the reported works that were available for the present meta-analysis, it is earlier to claim the superiority of yang-warming method using YCM to western medicines for the treatment of DPN. To support these early findings, further standardized and rigorous RCTs are required.
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Liang FX, Chen ZB, Wu S, Liu JM, Wang JZ, Lu JD, Wang LS, Chen L, Shu Q, Daniela L, Wang L, Wang H, Gerhard L. High-Tech Acupuncture for Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases-A Sino-Austrian Cooperation Research Protocol on Heart Rate Variability. Chin J Integr Med 2017. [PMID: 28634863 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture can not only be used for well-known diseases, but also for so-called modern lifestyle-related diseases. Using innovative methods like e.g. new analyses of heart rate variability (HRV), it is also possible to investigate diseases like burnout syndrome, ie., qi deficiency in Chinese medicine (CM). OBJECTIVE The main object of this research protocol is to perform research on the relationship of burnout syndrome and heart rate (HR) and HRV. METHODS A total of 175 patients with burnout syndrome (qi deficiency syndrome) in five groups and 35 healthy volunteers will be investigated. Based on random numbers generated by computer and concealed in opaque envelops, the patients will be assigned to four acupuncture groups using Zusanli (ST 36) acupuncture stimulation, Guanyuan (CV4) acupuncture stimulation, both points, and both points with Streitberger device respectively, and a moxibustion group using both points mentioned above, with 35 cases in each group. Altogether four different experiments are planned. Experiment 1 includes 70 subjects and is a comparison between a burnout group and a control group (healthy volunteers). The evaluation parameters are different scores and indices of HR and HRV. Experiment 2 includes 140 subjects and compares the efficacy of different acupuncture points. In experiment 3 (105 subjects), acupuncture and moxibustion should be compared to healthy volunteers. Experiment 4 (70 subjects) investigates the long-term therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on the scores of qi deficiency and HR/HRV in qi deficiency patients. In both the acupuncture and moxibustion groups, a total of 10 treatments will be performed. CONCLUSIONS The joint research aims at the scientific evaluation of CM, mainly in the field of HRV. This parameter could be a very good indicator of the state of health and can be inflfluenced by different acupuncture methods, as shown in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Ze-Bin Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Ji-Dong Lu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Lu-Shan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Qing Shu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Litscher Daniela
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center Graz, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Lu Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center Graz, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Litscher Gerhard
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center Graz, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria.
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Yoo SR, Kim Y, Lee MY, Kim OS, Seo CS, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Gyeji-tang water extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of ERK and NF-κB pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:390. [PMID: 27733198 PMCID: PMC5062814 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Gyeji-tang (GJT, Guizhi Tang in Chinese, Keishi-to in Japanese) is a traditional herbal decoction composed of 5 medicinal herbs. GJT has been used to treat the common cold, headaches, and fever in Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a water extract of GJT on inflammatory response using the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to upregulate inflammatory genes. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of GJT for 4 h and stimulated with LPS for an additional 20 h. Productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Protein expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results Treatment with the GJT extract enhanced expression of HO-1 in macrophages without cytotoxicity. GJT extract significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated cells. GJT suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 expression, leading to a decrease in COX-2-derived PGE2 level. In addition, GJT extract prevented phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB translocalization to the nucleus in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion These data suggest that GJT has anti-inflammatory possibly through blocking ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Xiang H, Zhang L, Song J, Fan B, Nie Y, Bai D, Lei H. The Profiling and Identification of the Absorbed Constituents and Metabolites of Guizhi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Urine by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091409. [PMID: 27626411 PMCID: PMC5037689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guizhi decoction (GZD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription consisting of Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Jujubae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, is usually used for the treatment of common colds, influenza, and other pyretic conditions in the clinic. However, the absorbed ingredients and metabolic compounds of GZD have not been reported. In this paper, a method incorporating rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify ingredients after oral administration of GZD. Identification of the primary components in GZD, drug-containing serum and urine samples was carried out in order to investigate the assimilation and metabolites of the decoction in vivo. By comparing the total ion chromatograms (TICs) of GZD, a total of 71 constituents were detected or characterized. By comparing TICs of blank and dosed rat plasma, a total of 15 constituents were detected and identified as prototypes according to their retention time (tR) and MS, MS/MS data. Based on this, neutral loss scans of 80 and 176 Da in samples of rat plasma and urine helped us to identify most of the metabolites. Results showed that the predominant metabolic pathways of (epi) catechin and gallic acid were sulfation, methylation, glucuronidation and dehydroxylation; the major metabolic pathways of flavone were hydrolysis, sulfation and glucuronidation. Furthermore, degradation, oxidation and ring fission were found to often occur in the metabolism process of GZD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Xiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jiannan Song
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bin Fan
- China Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yinglan Nie
- China Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Dong Bai
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Li W, Jiang H, Ablat N, Wang C, Guo Y, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xu J, Zhang K, Ren R, Pu X. Evaluation of the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of the herbal formula Xiaoer Chaigui Tuire Oral Liquid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:290-299. [PMID: 27224674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoer Chaigui Tuire Oral Liquid (XCTOL) is a popular Chinese herbal formula. It is used to treat exogenous fever in children by inducing diaphoresis and clearing interior heat. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of XCTOL in mice and rats, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity study, mice were orally administered 100g/kg body weight XCTOL three times a day. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were recorded for 14 days after treatment. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, rats were orally administered 0, 20 or 80g/kg XCTOL for 30 days. The rats were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight changes were measured every three days, and relative organ weights, hematological parameters, urinalysis results, biochemical parameters and pathology were monitored at the end of treatment. After treatment, a 30-day withdrawal study was conducted. RESULTS In the acute toxicity study, after the mice were administered with 300g/kg (3×100g/kg) XCTOL in the first day, no adverse effects or death were observed in the following 14 days. In the 30-day sub-chronic toxicity study, daily oral administration of 80g/kg XCTOL resulted in significant body weight loss in both male and female rats. In the male rats, the red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) and red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variability (RDW-CV) in the hematological test and total bilirubin (T-Bil) in the blood biochemistry test were significantly increased (RDW-SD, p<0.01; RDW-CV and T-Bil, p<0.05 vs. the control group). In the female rats, the specific gravity of the urinalysis was significantly increased (p<0.05 vs. the control group). Pathological damage was not observed in the main organs in the 80g/kg group. In the 20g/kg group, the lymphocyte % (LYM%) was significantly increased (p<0.05 the control group) in the female rats. CONCLUSIONS The maximum-tolerated dose of XCTOL was greater than 300g/kg in mice. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level was between 20 and 80g/kg body weight for 30 days in rats, which is 2.2-8.8 times higher, respectively, than the dose that has already been used in the clinical practice. Therefore, XCTOL at a dose less than 300g/kg in one day or 20g/kg per day for 30 days is considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Nuramatjan Ablat
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Chen Wang
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Yongfei Guo
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Yi Sun
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Xu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Rutong Ren
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China.
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Semaming Y, Kukongviriyapan U, Kongyingyoes B, Thukhammee W, Pannangpetch P. Protocatechuic Acid Restores Vascular Responses in Rats With Chronic Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin. Phytother Res 2015; 30:227-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoswaris Semaming
- Veterinary Technology Program, Faculty of Technology; Udon Thani Rajabhat University; Udon Thani 41000 Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Bunkerd Kongyingyoes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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