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Zahid S, Dafre AL, Currais A, Yu J, Schubert D, Maher P. The Geroprotective Drug Candidate CMS121 Alleviates Diabetes, Liver Inflammation, and Renal Damage in db/db Leptin Receptor Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6828. [PMID: 37047807 PMCID: PMC10095029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
db/db mice, which lack leptin receptors and exhibit hyperphagia, show disturbances in energy metabolism and are a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The geroneuroprotector drug candidate CMS121 has been shown to be effective in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and aging through the modulation of metabolism. Thus, the hypothesis was that CMS121 could protect db/db mice from metabolic defects and thereby reduce liver inflammation and kidney damage. The mice were treated with CMS121 in their diet for 6 months. No changes were observed in food and oxygen consumption, body mass, or locomotor activity compared to control db/db mice, but a 5% reduction in body weight was noted. Improved glucose tolerance and reduced HbA1c and insulin levels were also seen. Blood and liver triglycerides and free fatty acids decreased. Improved metabolism was supported by lower levels of fatty acid metabolites in the urine. Markers of liver inflammation, including NF-κB, IL-18, caspase 3, and C reactive protein, were lowered by the CMS121 treatment. Urine markers of kidney damage were improved, as evidenced by lower urinary levels of NGAL, clusterin, and albumin. Urine metabolomics studies provided further evidence for kidney protection. Mitochondrial protein markers were elevated in db/db mice, but CMS121 restored the renal levels of NDUFB8, UQCRC2, and VDAC. Overall, long-term CMS121 treatment alleviated metabolic imbalances, liver inflammation, and reduced markers of kidney damage. Thus, this study provides promising evidence for the potential therapeutic use of CMS121 in treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Zahid
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alcir L. Dafre
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Mechanisms of Dangua Recipe in Improving Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders Based on Transcriptomics. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:130-137. [PMID: 34755288 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of Dangua Recipe (DGR) in improving glycolipid metabolism based on transcriptomics. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose level were divided into 3 groups according to a random number table, including a conventional diet group (Group A), a DGR group (Group B, high-calorie diet + 20.5 g DGR), and a high-calorie fodder model group (Group C). After 12 weeks of intervention, the liver tissue of rats was taken. Gene sequence and transcriptional analysis were performed to identify the key genes related to glycolipid metabolism reflecting DGR efficacy, and then gene or protein validation of liver tissue were performed. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) proteins in liver tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, fatty acid synthase (FASN) protein was detected by Western blot, and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5)-mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the functional verification was performed on the diabetic model rats by Nampt blocker (GEN-617) injected in vivo. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were detected. RESULTS Totally, 257 differential-dominant genes of Group A vs. Group C and 392 differential-dominant genes of Group B vs. Group C were found. Moreover, 11 Gene Ontology molecular function terms and 7 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways owned by both Group A vs. Group C and Group C vs. Group B were confirmed. The liver tissue target validation showed that Nampt, FASN, PEPCK protein and FABP5-mRNA had the same changes consistent with transcriptome. The in vivo functional tests showed that GEN-617 increased body weight, HbA1c, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats (P<;0.05 or P<;0.01); while all the above-mentioned levels (except triglyceride) were decreased significantly by GEN-617 combined with DGR intervention (P<;0.05 or P<;0.01). CONCLUSION Nampt activation was one of the mechanisms about DGR regulating glycolipid metabolism.
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Stadlbauer V, Lanzerstorfer P, Neuhauser C, Weber F, Stübl F, Weber P, Wagner M, Plochberger B, Wieser S, Schneckenburger H, Weghuber J. Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation: High Throughput or High Content? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217964. [PMID: 33120934 PMCID: PMC7662403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in combination with insulin resistance, novel compounds to efficiently treat this pandemic disease are needed. Screening for compounds that induce the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues is an innovative strategy. Here, we compared the applicability of three fluorescence microscopy-based assays optimized for the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in simple cell systems. An objective-type scanning total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy approach was shown to have high sensitivity but only moderate throughput. Therefore, we implemented a prism-type TIR reader for the simultaneous analysis of large cell populations grown in adapted microtiter plates. This approach was found to be high throughput and have sufficient sensitivity for the characterization of insulin mimetic compounds in live cells. Finally, we applied confocal microscopy to giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) formed from GLUT4-expressing cells. While this assay has only limited throughput, it offers the advantage of being less sensitive to insulin mimetic compounds with high autofluorescence. In summary, the combined implementation of different fluorescence microscopy-based approaches enables the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation with high throughput and high content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Weber
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Flora Stübl
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Petra Weber
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
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