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Kitagawa T, Kawahata H, Kudo S. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Macrophage Properties and Fibrosis in the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in a Carrageenan-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis Rat Model. Cureus 2024; 16:e59246. [PMID: 38813293 PMCID: PMC11134478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is a key pathological change. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) inhibits IFP fibrosis by decreasing the gene expression and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), which is a protein involved in IFP fibrosis in KOA rat models. On the other hand, macrophages play an important role in the progression of fibrosis in various tissues, and LIPUS irradiation suppresses macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secretion. However, whether LIPUS suppresses macrophage polarity and IFP fibrosis in KOA remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of LIPUS on macrophage polarity and IFP fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A KOA model was created by injecting carrageenin into the bilateral knee joints of Wistar rats (eight weeks old). Tissues were harvested over time for histological and molecular biological analysis. The KOA model was also subjected to LIPUS irradiation for two weeks following the injection of carrageenin. RESULTS RM-4-positive cells were widely distributed in IFP two weeks after carrageenin administration, but M2 macrophages were significantly increased, and the Sirius red area was decreased in the LIPUS-irradiated group compared with those in the non-irradiated group. The gene expression of M1 macrophage markers was significantly decreased and that of M2 macrophage markers was significantly increased in the LIPUS-irradiated group. The expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and type 1 collagen was also significantly decreased. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LIPUS may serve as a novel approach for the treatment of KOA through its effect on M1 macrophages and suppression of TGF-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, JPN
- Department of Rehabilitation, Higashiosaka Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Hirohisa Kawahata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, JPN
- Inclusive Medical Sciences Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, JPN
| | - Shintarou Kudo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, JPN
- Inclusive Medical Sciences Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, JPN
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Xu Q, Wu H, Zhu H, Lu C, Tao J, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Grain-sized moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) promotes hepatic autophagy in rats with hyperlipidemia by regulating the ULK1 and TFEB expression through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15316. [PMID: 37144182 PMCID: PMC10151263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grain-sized moxibustion is an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia, but how it regulates dyslipidemia and liver lipid deposits still needs to be fully understood. This study explored the molecular biological mechanism of grain-sized moxibustion to regulate hepatic autophagy in hyperlipidemic rats by affecting ULK1 and TFEB through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic rats were divided into the HFD group, HFD + Statin group, HFD + CC + Moxi group, and grain-sized moxibustion intervention group (HFD + Moxi group). The control (Blank) group consisted of normal rats without any intervention. Grain-sized moxibustion and drug interventions were initiated eight weeks after high-fat diet induction and continued for ten weeks. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), were measured after treatment. Hepatic steatosis and the expression of LC3I, LC3II, p62, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, ULK1, p-ULK1, and TFEB in the liver were analyzed. Results Compared with the HFD group, grain-sized moxibustion improved hyperlipidemia and hepatocyte steatosis, increased the LC3, p-AMPK, p-ULK1, and nuclear TFEB expression in the liver, but decreased the p62 and p-mTOR expression. Conclusion Grain-sized moxibustion at ST36 acupoints could regulate the blood lipid level of SD rats with hyperlipidemia, increase the expression level of ULK1 and TFEB by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in liver tissues, and initiate the transcription of autophagy genes such as LC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Huanxi Wu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chengxuan Lu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiangjia Tao
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ziqiu Zhou
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
- Corresponding author.Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
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Liu FS, Li Y, Guo XS, Liu RC, Zhang HY, Li Z. Advances in traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:851-860. [PMID: 36312004 PMCID: PMC9606791 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that often causes multiple systemic complications that have become a major international public health problem. Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the severe and frequent chronic complications of DM due to vascular lesions and neuropathy. DF ulcers (DFU) affect approximately 15% of people with DM and are the leading cause of death and disability. The prevalence and recurrence of DF are worrisome, and morbidity and mortality are also on the rise, which poses a substantial socioeconomic burden. Treating DF is difficult for clinicians and requires multidisciplinary cooperation, combining local and systemic therapy to reduce amputation and case-fatality rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has received extensive attention due to noticeable therapeutic effects and few adverse reactions. In recent years, research on DF treatment by TCM has been increasing, and further progress has been made. TCM includes oral medication, injectable preparations, and adjuvant therapy. This article reviews the relevant research on TCM-related adjuvant therapy for DF. We describe current progress in TCM in terms of external application, acupuncture, massage, acupoint injection, foot bath, fumigation, and moxibustion, as well as the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Shun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xian-Shan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Chen Liu
- Binhai College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Hong-Ya Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Yangpu District Control and Prevention Center, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
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Cai HQ, Lin XY, Chen HY, Zhang X, Lin YY, Pan SN, Qin MX, Su SY. Direct moxibustion exerts an analgesic effect on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy by increasing autophagy via the Act A/Smads signaling pathway. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2545. [PMID: 35315239 PMCID: PMC9014986 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct moxibustion (DM) is reported to be useful for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), but the analgesic mechanism remains unknown. Autophagy plays a protective role in neuronal apoptosis, Act A/Smads signaling pathway has been confirmed to be associated with the activation of autophagy. The study aimed to explore the effect of DM on autophagy in rats with CSR and the involvement of Act A/Smads signaling pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into Sham, CSR, CSR + DM, CSR + DM + 3-MA (PI3K inhibitor), and CSR + DM + SB (Act A inhibitor) group. Three days after establishment of CSR model with a fish line inserted under the axilla of the nerve roots, DM at Dazhui (GV14) was performed six times once for seven consecutive days. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of the neuronal autophagy molecule LC3II/I, Atg7, and Act A/Smads signaling molecule Act A, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3. Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expression was measured by real time PCR. RESULTS DM improved the pain threshold and motor function of CSR rats and promoted the expression of Act A, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, LC3II/I, and Atg7 in the entrapped-nerve root spinal dorsal horn. DM reduced the expression of Bax mRNA and decreased the number of apoptotic neurons. 3-MA and Act A inhibitor SB suppressed the expression of above-mentioned proteins and reduced the protective effect of DM on apoptotic neurons. CONCLUSION DM exerts analgesic effects by regulating the autophagy to reduce cell apoptosis and repair nerve injury, and this feature may be related to the Act A/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qian Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Ying Lin
- Department of First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shan-Na Pan
- Department of First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Qin
- Department of First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Su
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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Zeng L, Guo J, Du P, Yu S, Yin H. Transcriptome sequencing reveals core regulation modules and gene signatures of Zusanli acupoints in response to different moxibustion warm stimulation in adjuvant arthritis rat. Hereditas 2022; 159:15. [PMID: 35193709 PMCID: PMC8862468 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of moxibustion in treating rheumatoid arthritis is recognized, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize the molecular map and potential key genes in the process of different moxibustion warm at Zusanli acupoint treatment of adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. Methods AA rat model was induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and then accessed by foot swelling and thermal hyperalgesia test. Transcriptome sequencing, series test of cluster (STC) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used in this study. Results CFA-induced inflammation, foot swelling, and pain in AA rats were significantly improved by moxibustion warm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in nine different comparison groups and a total of 4535 DEGs were identified, and these DEGs were preferentially clustered in inflammatory and immune-related pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway. Only 1 DEG of heat shock protein 90, alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 (Hsp90aa1) was shared in comparison groups of model with moxibustion treatment. STC analysis also revealed that Hsp90aa1 was increased in AA model, but decreased after 37 °C moxibustion intervention, and constantly decreased after 42 °C moxibustion treatment. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes enriched in inflammatory and immune-related pathways. Moreover, WGCNA identified that violet module was positively correlated with model temperature while negatively correlated with control, and the paleturquoise module was positively correlated with model. The violet and paleturquoise module gene were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway. Importantly, Hsp90aa1 also played a central role in the violet module by interacting with multiple proteins. Conclusions Moxibustion warm improved AA in rat, and we obtained the transcriptome profile and excavate a critical gene of Hsp90aa1, and provided insight into gene signatures for moxibustion warm at Zusanli acupoint in AA rat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00221-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Center Hospital of QiongLai City, Chengdu, 611530, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Center Hospital of QiongLai City, Chengdu, 611530, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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Xiang W, Jiang J, Hu T, Deng X, Chen C, Chen Z. The efficacy and safety of moxibustion for pressure injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28734. [PMID: 35147097 PMCID: PMC8830830 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure injury is an important global health issue characterized by the high incidence, rapid progression, and difficult healing. How to perform timely treatment and care have been the current focus and challenge for health care professionals. Moxibustion can improve skin microcirculation, promote blood circulation, activate tissue cells, inhibit, and kill bacteria on the wounded surface, thus promoting wound healing. However, the clinically reported efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of pressure injuries varies a lot and lacks evidence-based medical evidence. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion on the treatment of pressure injuries. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the moxibustion for pressure injury published before January 2022 will be searched in online databases, including the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. References of eligible literatures will be manually reviewed. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment will be independently performed by 2 reviewers, and meta-analysis of relevant data will be conducted using Stata14.0 software. RESULTS The study will provide a high-quality convincing assessment of efficacy and safety of moxibustion for pressure injury. CONCLUSION The results of this study will provide the latest evidence support for judging the efficacy and safety of moxibustion on the treatment of pressure injury. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T543Y.
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Topical Applications of Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Accelerates Acute Cutaneous Wound Healing in Murine Model. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:812-818. [PMID: 32418180 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether topical applications of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) can accelerate acute cutaneous wound healing (WH) in a murine model. METHODS Keratinocyte viability and in vitro wound closure were assessed in keratinocyte cultures. Effects of topical TASE (0.5 μg/mL of allicin in 97% ethanol) on acute cutaneous WH were determined in a murine model of acute cutaneous wound. Twelve mice were alternately assigned to the vehicle- and TASE-treated groups (n=6 per group). Expression levels of mRNA for keratinocyte differentiation marker-related proteins (filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin) and lipid synthetic enzymes (elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4), fatty acid synthase (FA2H), 3-hydroxy- 3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoA), and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)) were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on day 3 and 8 after wounding, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates were measured in wounded areas. RESULTS TASE accelerated WH both in vivo (40% vs. 22% reduction in wound area, P<0.01) and in vitro (90% vs. 65% reduction in wound area, P<0.01). Moreover, topical applications of TASE upregulated the expression levels of epidermal mRNA for ELOVL4, HMGCoA, SPT, filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin (P<0.05 vs. vehicle-treated controls) on day 3 after wounding. Likewise, TASE significantly lowered TEWL rates in comparison with vehicle alone on day 8 (33.06±2.09 g/(m2·h) vs. 24.60±2.04 g/(m2·h), P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Topical applications of TASE stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and formation of epidermal permeability barrier function, leading to acceleration of acute cutaneous WH. Topical products containing TASE could be used to manage acute cutaneous WH.
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