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Zhang M, Xu Z, Shao L, Wang J, He Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. D-pinitol ameliorated H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and prolonged the lifespan by IIS pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109755. [PMID: 37734471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
D-pinitol (DP) has been extensively regarded as the main active component of legumes for anti-aging. In this study, we intended to explore the anti-aging mechanism of DP, utilizing computer modeling techniques. The results demonstrated that DP significantly delayed H2O2-induced cellular senescence. Model PC12 cells treated with DP exhibited increased cell viability, increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), and reduced ROS and MDA levels. Furthermore, DP was discovered to have a positive effect on healthy longevity. In C. elegans, DP treatment enhanced lifespan, stress capacity, antioxidant capacity (T-SOD/CAT/GSH-Px/MDA/ROS), and altered aging-related indicators of lipofuscin accumulation, pharyngeal pump rate, motility, and reproduction. Moreover, DP could reduce the toxicity Aβ in transgenic C. elegans CL4176, CL2355, and CL2331. Further mechanistic studies indicated DP increased transcription factor (daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1) expression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. As expected, DP also extended the downstream target genes of the three transcription factors (sod-3, ctl-1, ctl-2, gst-4, hsp-16.1, and hsp-16.2). Further mutant lifespan experiments, network pharmacology, and molecular docking revealed that DP might be life-extending through the IIS pathway. DP deserves extensive investigation and development as a potential anti-aging drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liangyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jilite Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Hetao College, Inner Mongolia Bayannur, China
| | - Zouyan He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yumei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
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Ha NY, Jeong H, Lee H, Ko SJ, Park JW, Kim J. Safety and effectiveness of traditional herbal medicine Siho-sogan-san in functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116518. [PMID: 37127143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Functional dyspepsia (FD), a chronic upper gastrointestinal syndrome, seriously affects the quality of life of patients and poses a significant economic burden. Since the pathological mechanisms of FD have not been fully elucidated, conventional therapies such as prokinetics, proton pump inhibitors, and antidepressants have some limitations. Siho-sogan-san (SHS) is commonly used as a therapeutic alternative in traditional medicine; however, scientific and clinical evidence supporting its application in FD remains insufficient. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of SHS and in combined with Western medicine (WM) for the treatment of FD. METHODS Eleven databases, including EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on FD published before December 31, 2022. After two independent reveiwers sceened and selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical data was pooled and synthesized via Review Manager software. The outcome parameters included total clinical effectiveness rate (TCE), time for symptom improvement, levels of motilin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and adverse events. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 12 studies that included 867 participants comparing WM with SHS or combination therapy (SHS plus WM) were identified. Through a meta-analysis of five studies including 363 patients, SHS compared with WM showed a positive result in safely increasing TCE [risk ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22 to 1.51, P < 0.00001]. The time for symptom improvement, including abdominal pain, belching, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension, was significantly more shortened in the combination therapy than WM group. Furthermore, combination therapy resulted in greater secretion of motilin than WM alone [mean difference = 67.95, 95% CI 39.52 to 96.39, P < 0.00001]. No remarkable difference was observed in CRH levels between the combination therapy and WM groups. For a subgroup analysis, the administration of SHS based on the type of pattern identification (PI) showed larger effect size than in the group that do not consider PI. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SHS and combination therapy can be considered effective and safe options for the treatment of FD. However, owing to the low quality of the included studies, more well-designed investigational studies and RCTs with longer treatment and follow-up period are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Ha
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haein Jeong
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanul Lee
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hu L, Wang J, Zhao X, Cai D. Mechanism of saikogenin G against major depressive disorder determined by network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30193. [PMID: 36042622 PMCID: PMC9410695 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many classic decoctions of Chinese medicine including Radix Bupleuri are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). Saikosaponin D is a representative bioactive ingredient discovered in Radix Bupleuri. The mechanism of saikogenin G (SGG) as a metabolite in MDD remains unclear to date. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of SGG in treating MDD with network pharmacology. We evaluated the drug likeness of SGG with SwissADME web tool and predicted its targets using the SwissTargetPrediction and PharmMapper. MDD-related targets were identified from the following databases: DisGeNET, DrugBank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and GeneCards. The common targets of SGG and MDD were imported to the STRING11.0 database, and then a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment were analyzed with DAVID 6.8 database. The molecular weight of SGG was 472.7 g/mol, the topological polar surface area was 69.92 A2 <140 A2, the octanol/water partition coefficient (Consensus LogP0/W) was 4.80, the rotatable bond was 1, the hydrogen bond donors was 3, and the hydrogen bond acceptors was 4. A total of 322 targets of SGG were obtained and there were 1724 MDD-related targets. A total of 78 overlapping genes were selected as targets of MDD treatment including albumin, insulin-like growth factor I, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis suggested that proteoglycans in cancer, pathways in cancer, prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, central carbon metabolism in cancer, estrogen, PI3K-Akt, ErbB, Rap1, and prolactin signaling pathways played an important role(P < .0001). This study showed that SGG exhibits good drug-like properties and elucidated the potential mechanisms of SGG in treating MDD with regulating inflammation, energy metabolism, monoamine neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, phosphocreatine-creatine kinase circuits, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Hu, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 121 DaXue Street, Jinzhong 030619, China (e-mail: )
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Donghui Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Xiao YG, Wu HB, Chen JS, Li X, Qiu ZK. Exploring the Potential Antidepressant Mechanisms of Pinellia by Using the Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1071-1094. [PMID: 35230627 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 350 million people worldwide suffered from depression, but less than half of the patients received effective and regular treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) such as pinellia has been proven effective for antidepressant treatment with fewer side effects. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we use the methods of network pharmacology and molecular docking to analyze the effective monomer components of pinellia and reveal the involved signaling pathways to produce antidepressant effects. TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and TCMID databases were utilized to analyze the bioactive ingredients and target genes derived from pinellia via the screening the molecular weight (MW), oral bioavailability (OB), blood-brain barrier (BBB) and drug similarity (DL). OMIM, TTD, DisGeNET, GeneCards and DrugBank databases were used to obtain key genes of depression. Then, the networks of protein-protein interaction (PPI) and "medicine-ingredients-targets-pathways" were built. The target signaling pathways were enriched by GO and KEGG by using R language. Furthermore, bioactive ingredients binding of the targets were verified by molecular docking. Nine active monomer ingredients and 96 pivotal gene targets were selected from pinellia. 10,124 disease genes and 87 drug-disease intersecting genes were verified. GO analysis proposed that the receptor activity of neurotransmitter, postsynaptic neurotransmitter, G protein-coupled neurotransmitter, and acetylcholine through the postsynaptic membrane could be modulated by pinellia. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that pinellia influenced depression-related neural tissue interaction, cholinergic synapse, serotonin activated synapse and calcium signaling pathway. Besides, the reliability and accuracy of results obtained from the indirect network pharmacology were validated by molecular docking. The bioactive components of pinellia made significant antidepressant effects by regulating the key target genes/proteins in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Xiao
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Biao Wu
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Sheng Chen
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Kun Qiu
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Shi Y, Chen M, Zhao Z, Pan J, Huang S. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses of Mechanisms Underlying Effects of the Cyperi Rhizoma- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Herb Pair on Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5704578. [PMID: 34976096 PMCID: PMC8716227 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5704578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the Cyperi Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair (CCHP) against depression using a network pharmacology approach. METHODS A network pharmacology approach, including screening of active compounds, target prediction, construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA), were used to explore the mechanisms of CCHP against depression. RESULTS Twenty-six active compounds and 315 and 207 targets of CCHP and depression, respectively, were identified. The PPI network suggested that AKT1, IL-6, TP53, DRD2, MAPK1, NR3C1, TNF, etc., were core targets. GO enrichment analyses showed that positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, plasma membrane, and protein binding were of great significance. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, and mTOR signaling pathway were important pathways. Molecular docking results revealed good binding affinities for the core compounds and core targets. MD simulations and MMPBSA validated that quercetin can stably bind to 6hhi. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CCHP against depression involve multiple components, targets, and pathways, and these findings will promote further research on and clinical application of CCHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juhua Pan
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shijing Huang
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Zhang S, Lu Y, Chen W, Shi W, Zhao Q, Zhao J, Li L. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Evidence: PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway is Involved in the Antidepressive Roles of Chaihu Shugan San. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3425-3441. [PMID: 34385814 PMCID: PMC8353879 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s315060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) is a common antidepressant prescription in traditional Chinese medicines. However, its active ingredients and mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the potential active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of CSS for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Active compounds in CSS were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Compound-related targets were retrieved using the SwissTargetPrediction database. MDD-related targets were determined using DisGeNET, Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank databases. The common targets of active compounds in CSS and MDD were retained to construct a compound-MDD target network. Then, functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis were performed to identify hub targets and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, hub-targeted genes and pathways were validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice with or without CSS treatment. The affinities between the active compounds in CSS and hub-targeted genes were evaluated by molecular docking. Results Network pharmacology analysis revealed 24 potential targets for treatment of MDD by CSS. Functional enrichment analysis showed that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was likely to be evidently affected by CSS in the treatment of MDD. In vivo experiments showed that CSS could improve depressive-like behaviors and promote neurogenesis in CUMS mice. Furthermore, CSS could increase phosphorylated (p) PI3K/PI3K and pAKT/AKT levels and decrease the pGSK3β/GSK3β level in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. The active compounds mainly included quercetin and luteolin, which showed good docking scores targeting the PI3K protein. Conclusion This network pharmacological and experimental study highlights that the PI3K/AKT pathway is the potential mechanism by which CSS is involved in MDD treatment. Quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are probable active compounds in CSS, and these results might provide valuable guidance for further studies of MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
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Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Chaihu-Shugan-San in Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3670309. [PMID: 33062007 PMCID: PMC7533014 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3670309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers endangering women's health all over the world. Traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly recognized as a possible complementary and alternative therapy for breast cancer. Chaihu-Shugan-San is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is extensively used in clinical practice. Its therapeutic effect on breast cancer has attracted extensive attention, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Chaihu-Shugan-San in the treatment of breast cancer by network pharmacology. The results showed that 157 active ingredients and 8074 potential drug targets were obtained in the TCMSP database according to the screening conditions. 2384 disease targets were collected in the TTD, OMIM, DrugBank, GeneCards disease database. We applied the Bisogenet plug-in in Cytoscape 3.7.1 to obtain 451 core targets. The biological process of gene ontology (GO) involves the mRNA catabolic process, RNA catabolic process, telomere organization, nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process, heterocycle catabolic process, and so on. In cellular component, cytosolic part, focal adhesion, cell-substrate adherens junction, and cell-substrate junction are highly correlated with breast cancer. In the molecular function category, most proteins were addressed to ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding, protein domain specific binding, and Nop56p-associated pre-rRNA complex. Besides, the results of the KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways mainly involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, transcriptional dysregulation, endocrine resistance, and viral infection. In conclusion, the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu-Shugan-San is the result of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway interaction. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu-Shugan-San and has certain reference value for the development and application of new drugs.
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Exploring Mechanism of Key Chinese Herbal Medicine on Breast Cancer by Data Mining and Network Pharmacology Methods. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:919-926. [PMID: 32572780 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the key Chinese Herbal Medicines (KCHMs) against breast cancer by data mining, and analyze the potential mechanism of KCHMs using network pharmacology method. METHODS Clinical prescriptions consisted of CHMs for treating breast cancer were screened, and then Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was applied to obtain the KCHMs. Subsequently, active ingredients and corresponding target genes of KCHMs were searched by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database, and target genes of breast cancer were collected using OMIM and MalaCards. After that, the overlapping target genes of KCHMs and breast cancer were screened, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. In addition, a network of "KCHMs-active ingredients-breast cancer-targets" was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to reveal the action mechanism of KCHMs. RESULTS A total of 7 KCHMs were identified, whose active ingredients include quercetin, luteolin, nobiletin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and be-ta-sitosterol, etc. Based on protein-protein interaction analysis, core targets were ESR1, MYC, CCND1, EGFR, CASP3, ERBB2, etc. Several KEGG pathways (e.g, PI3K-Akt, p53, ErbB, and HIF-1 signaling pathways) were found. CONCLUSION Based on the combination of the data mining method and network pharmacology approach, the therapeutic effect of KCHMs on breast cancer may be realized by acting on target genes and signaling pathways related to the formation and progression of breast cancer.
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