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Xia J, Chen C, Sun Y, Li S, Li Y, Cheng BR, Pang Y, Li Y, Li D, Lin Q. Panax quinquefolius saponins and panax notoginseng saponins attenuate myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by reducing excessive mitophagy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01267-z. [PMID: 38713401 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are key bioactive compounds in Panax quinquefolius L. and Panax notoginseng, commonly used in the treatment of clinical ischemic heart disease. However, their potential in mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of combined PQS and PNS administration in myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS To investigate the involvement of HIF-1α/BNIP3 mitophagy pathway in the myocardial protection conferred by PNS and PQS, we employed small interfering BNIP3 (siBNIP3) to silence key proteins of the pathway. H9C2 cells were categorized into four groups: control, H/R, H/R + PQS + PNS, and H/R + PQS + PNS+siBNIP3. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, apoptosis rates determined via flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential assessed with the JC-1 fluorescent probes, intracellular reactive oxygen species detected with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, mitochondrial superoxide production quantified with MitoSOX Red, and autophagic flux monitored with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral vectors. Autophagosomes and their ultrastructure were visualized through transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels were analyzed via real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS PQS + PNS administration significantly increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis, lowered reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial superoxide production, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, and induced autophagic flux. Notably, siBNIP3 intervention did not counteract the cardioprotective effect of PQS + PNS. The PQS + PNS group showed downregulated mRNA expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3, along with reduced HIF-1α protein expression compared to the H/R group. CONCLUSIONS PQS + PNS protects against myocardial H/R injury, potentially by downregulating mitophagy through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Sinai Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100010, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100078, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100078, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100078, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
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Yue TT, Cao YJ, Cao YX, Li WX, Wang XY, Si CY, Xia H, Zhu MJ, Tang JF, Wang H. Shuxuening Injection Inhibits Apoptosis and Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through PI3K/AKT Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:421-432. [PMID: 38153596 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the main components and potential mechanism of Shuxuening Injection (SXNI) in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through network pharmacology and in vivo research. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and PharmMapper databases were used to extract and evaluate the effective components of Ginkgo biloba leaves, the main component of SXNI. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and GeneCards databases were searched for disease targets and obtain the drug target and disease target intersections. The active ingredient-target network was built using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The STRING database, Metascape online platform, and R language were used to obtain the key targets and signaling pathways of the anti-MIRI effects of SXNI. In order to verify the therapeutic effect of different concentrations of SXNI on MIRI in rats, 60 rats were first divided into 5 groups according to random number table method: the sham operation group, the model group, SXNI low-dose (3.68 mg/kg), medium-dose (7.35 mg/kg), and high-dose (14.7 mg/kg) groups, with 12 rats in each group. Then, another 60 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, SXNI group (14.7 mg/kg), SXNI+LY294002 group, and LY294002 group, with 12 rats in each group. The drug was then administered intraperitoneally at body weight for 14 days. The main biological processes were validated using in vivo testing. Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis were used to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SXNI in MIRI rats. RESULTS Eleven core targets and 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were selected. Among these, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) pathway was closely related to SXNI treatment of MIRI. In vivo experiments showed that SXNI reduced the myocardial infarction area in the model group, improved rat heart pathological damage, and reduced the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate (all P<0.01). After SXNI treatment, the p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratios as well as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in cardiomyocytes were increased, while the Bax and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression levels were decreased (all P<0.05). LY294002 partially reversed the protective effect of SXNI on MIRI. CONCLUSION SXNI protects against MIRI by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Yue
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying-Jie Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei-Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Chun-Ying Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Han Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - Jin-Fa Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 451200, China.
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He DW, Liu DZ, Luo XZ, Chen CB, Lu CH, Na N, Huang F. HMGB1-RAGE axis contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulation of cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic mice. Biol Chem 2024; 405:167-176. [PMID: 37768929 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with diabetes are more likely to develop myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MI/RI) during reperfusion therapy. Both HMGB1 and RAGE play important roles in MI/RI. However, the specific mechanisms of HMGB1 associated with RAGE are not fully clarified in diabetic MI/RI. This study aimed to investigate whether the HMGB1-RAGE axis induces diabetic MI/RI via regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A db/db mouse model of MI/RI was established, where anti-HMGB1 antibody and RAGE inhibitor (FPS-ZM1) were respectively injected after 10 min of reperfusion. The results showed that treatment with anti-HMGB1 significantly reduced the infarct size, serum LDH, and CK-MB level. Similar situations also occurred in mice administrated with FPS-ZM1, though the HMGB1 level was unchanged. Then, we found that treatment with anti-HMGB1 or FPS-ZM1 performed the same effects in suppressing the autophagy and apoptosis, as reflected by the results of lower LAMP2 and LC3B levels, increased Bcl-2 level, reduced BAX and caspase-3 levels. Moreover, the Pink1/Parkin levels were also inhibited at the same time. Collectively, this study indicates that the HMGB1-RAGE axis aggravated diabetic MI/RI via apoptosis and Pink1/Parkin mediated autophagy pathways, and inhibition of HMGB1 or RAGE contributes to alleviating those adverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wei He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - De-Zhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuan-Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yihai Avenue, Haikou 570216, Hainan, China
| | - Chuang-Hong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Na
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, No.10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Li H, Jia Y, Yao D, Gao M, Wang L, Liu J. Rhein alleviates myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting mitochondrial division, activating mitochondrial autophagy and suppressing myocardial cell apoptosis through the Drp1/Pink1/Parkin pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:266. [PMID: 38302764 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhein, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response properties, is a beneficial treatment for different pathologies. However, the mechanism by which rhein protects against myocardial ischemic injury is poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS To establish an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat model, we performed left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, AMI, AMI + rhein (AMI + R), and AMI + mitochondrial fission inhibitor (AMI + M). The extent of myocardial injury was evaluated by TTC staining, serum myocardial injury markers, and HE and Masson staining. Cardiac mitochondria ultrastructure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to estimate cell apoptosis. Protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. In vitro, the efficacy of rhein was assessed in H9c2 cells under hypoxic condition. Our results revealed that rats with AMI exhibited increased infarct size and indicators of myocardial damage, along with activation of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, decreased mitophagy and increased apoptosis rates. However, pretreatment with rhein significantly reversed these effects and demonstrated similar efficacy to Mdivi-1. Furthermore, rhein pretreatment protected against myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, as evidenced by decreased Drp1 expression. It also enhanced mitophagy, as indicated by increased expression of Beclin1, Pink1 and Parkin, an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased formation of autolysosomes. Additionally, rhein pretreatment mitigated apoptosis in AMI. These results were also confirmed in vitro in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that rhein pretreatment exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemic injury via the Drp1/Pink1/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhong Shan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhong Shan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Daomin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhong Shan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhong Shan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhong Shan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Xia B, Li Q, Wu J, Yuan X, Wang F, Lu X, Huang C, Zheng K, Yang R, Yin L, Liu K, You Q. Sinomenine Confers Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Preventing Oxidative Stress, Cellular Apoptosis, and Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922484. [PMID: 35837272 PMCID: PMC9274168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid extracted from the root of S. acutum. sinomenine, has been shown to have antiarrhythmic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) ex vivo. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of SIN in an in vivo mouse model of MIRI. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received SIN (80 mg/kg) for 5 days and underwent 30 min of percutaneous occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Results showed that pretreatment with SIN significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and concentrations of markers of cardiac injury and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (FS) in MIRI mice. The SIN pretreatment prevented the MIRI-induced decrease in the expression levels of Bcl-2, increase in the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax, and increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells in ischemic heart tissue. It was also found that pretreatment with SIN prevented the MIRI-induced oxidative stress imbalance in ischemic heart tissue, as shown by the increase in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH) and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and dihydroethidium (DHE) density. Further studies showed that the stimulus of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion caused a remarkable increase in the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in ischemic heart tissue, which was effectively prevented by pretreatment with SIN. These results demonstrate that SIN can attenuate MIRI-induced cardiac injury in vivo by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongzhou People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Liu, ; Qingsheng You,
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Liu, ; Qingsheng You,
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L-Borneol 7-O-[β-D-Apiofuranosyl-(1 6)]-β-D-Glucopyranoside Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Hypoxic/Reoxygenated Injured Myocardial Cells via Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5758303. [PMID: 35600046 PMCID: PMC9119761 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5758303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). L-Borneol 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (LBAG), extracted from the Radix Ophiopogonis, is the main bioactive component that may be exerting cardiovascular protection in AMI. The purpose was to examine the effects of LBAG on myocardial I/R injury (MIRI) in rats and H9c2 cells treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). MIRI was induced through the combination of ischemia with reperfusion for 30 min and 24 h, respectively. LBAG was administered 7 days before vascular ligation. Myocardial function was detected by an electrocardiograph, histological, TTC, and TUNEL staining analyses. The influences of LBAG on the content concentration of cardiac enzymes in the serum were measured by ELISA. Moreover, H9c2 cells were exposed to LBAG or combined with AKT inhibitor (perifosine) and then exposed to H/R for simulating the cardiac injury process. Afterward, cell viability, LDH, CD-KM release, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated by CCK-8 and ELISA assays, flow cytometry, TUNEL, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Additionally, the proteins of apoptosis, autophagy, and PI3K/mTOR pathway were determined by western blotting. In I/R rats, LBAG pretreatment significantly ameliorated cardiac function, as illustrated by reducing the infarct size, myocardial autophagy, and apoptosis levels. In H/R-induced H9c2 cells, LBAG pretreatment significantly decreased cell apoptosis, LC3 II/I, and Beclin 1 levels, elevated the Bcl-2 levels, attenuated LDH, and CD-KM production. Moreover, LBAG pretreatment markedly increased the PI3K/mTOR pathway activation, and the protective influences of LBAG were partly abolished with the AKT inhibitor perifosine treatment. These findings demonstrated the protective functions of LBAG on I/R by regulating apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo by activating the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
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