Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Multiglycoside in Mouse Models of Psoriasis Keratinocytes

Design and Evaluation of Tretinoin Fatty Acid Vesicles for the Topical Treatment of Psoriasis

The goal of the current study was to explore the potential benefits of Tretinoin (Tre) fatty acid vesicles (Tre-FAV) as a prospective antipsoriatic topical delivery system. This promising system can counteract the drug challenges in terms of its extremely low aqueous solubility, instability, skin irritation, and serious systemic adverse effects. Tre-loaded fatty acid vesicles were successfully developed and entirely characterised. The selected formulation was investigated for in vitro release, ex vivo skin retention and psoriasis efficacy studies. The characterisation results of Tre-FAV showed it has a globular shape with a particle size of 126.37 ± 1.290 nm (0.188 ± 0.019 PDI). The entrapment efficiency and zeta potential were discovered to be 84.26 ± 0.816% and -28.9 ± 1.92 mV, respectively. Encapsulation of the drug in the fatty acid vesicles was also strengthened by differential scanning calorimetric and powder FTIR diffraction studies. In vitro release results showed that Tre-FAV significantly increased skin absorption and retention in comparison to the Tre solution. The topical application of Tre-FAV to a mouse model confirmed that it has superior in vivo antipsoriatic properties in terms of well-demarcated papules, erythema and reduced epidermal thickness in comparison to other treatments. The weight of the spleen and the levels of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-6 decreased after treatment. In conclusion, FAV dramatically increased the water solubility and skin permeability of Tre and its anti-psoriasis activity.