2
|
Optimal Serum 25(OH)D Level and Vitamin D Intake in Young Korean Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224845. [PMID: 36432534 PMCID: PMC9698687 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status is essential for preventing bone disease. Young Korean women have the highest vitamin D deficiency prevalence compared with other demographic groups. This study aimed to establish the optimal vitamin D intake level for maintaining an adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level by season in young Korean women (mean age: 23.1 years). Each participant (wintertime, n = 101; summertime, n = 117) completed a lifestyle survey, dietary record, bone mineral density, and biochemical tests. Seasonal factors impacting 25(OH)D were identified, vitamin D intake for sufficient 25(OH)D levels was calculated, and the relationship between 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was analyzed. During summertime, 25(OH)D levels were higher than in wintertime (17.9 vs. 15.0 ng/mL). A 1 µg/1000 kcal increase in vitamin D intake increased 25(OH)D levels by 0.170 ng/mL in wintertime and 0.149 ng/mL in summertime. iPTH levels reached a theoretical plateau corresponding to an 18.4 ng/mL 25(OH)D level. The vitamin D intake threshold for maintaining 25(OH)D levels at ≥20 and ≥18.4 ng/mL was ≥10.97 μg/day. For a sufficient level of 25(OH)D in young Korean women, increasing summertime UV irradiation time and increasing vitamin D supplements and vitamin D-containing foods throughout the year is beneficial.
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Kadi H. Prevalence and Determinants of a Blunted Parathyroid Hormone Response in Young Saudi Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5579484. [PMID: 34580590 PMCID: PMC8464415 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among the Saudi population. Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is an appropriate homeostatic response to correct the resultant hypocalcemia. However, not all vitamin D deficiency patients have increased PTH levels. This study determined the prevalence of a blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy young Saudi women and assessed anthropometric and biochemical factors associated with this response by performing a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted at the "Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis research." Overall, 315 women (aged 20-45 years) with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <30 nmol/L) were included. They were divided into two groups according to the laboratory cutoff value of PTH (<7 or ≥7 pmol/L), and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of both groups were compared. Women with a blunted PTH response (n = 62, 19.7%) had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) and smaller waist circumference (P=0.001). They also had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D (P=0.001), corrected serum calcium (P < 0.001), and phosphate (P=0.003) levels than those with an elevated PTH response (n = 253, 80.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that lower BMI (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.949-0.987) and higher 25(OH)D (OR = 1.068; 95% CI: 1.014-1.124) and serum calcium (OR = 8.600; 95% CI: 1.614-45.809) levels were significantly associated with a blunted PTH response (R 2 = 0.178). A blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency is mainly observed among women with lower BMI. Higher serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels and lower BMI were significant predictors of a blunted PTH response, which may indicate that these subjects are adapting to lower 25(OH)D levels and maintaining normal calcium levels without the need to increase PTH secretion. The mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unclear, and future studies to explore these mechanisms are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al Kadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Saleh Y, Al-Daghri NM, Sabico S, Alessa T, Al Emadi S, Alawadi F, Al Qasaabi S, Alfutaisi A, Al Izzi M, Mukhaimer J, Suhaili AR, Reginster JY, Sulimani R. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: consensus statement of the GCC countries' osteoporosis societies under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:109. [PMID: 32700153 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A consensus platform is provided by the experts of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries' respective osteoporosis societies, on which specific guidelines can be developed further for regional use on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Guidance is provided in a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) country setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis, which is an adaptation of the European guidance by Kanis et al., jointly published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). The respective osteoporosis societies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries assembled for a unifying consensus on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women for the region. METHODS The Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases (CBCD) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), in cooperation with the Saudi Osteoporosis Society (SOS), hosted regional experts and respective leaders from different GCC osteoporosis societies, together with an adviser from the ESCEO. An assembly of experts representing the different osteoporosis societies from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait gathered on February 15-16, 2019 in Riyadh, KSA for the formulation of a general osteoporosis consensus for the region. RESULTS The following areas were covered: diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmacological management of osteoporosis; and hip fractures, vitamin D, recommendation on which FRAX tool to follow, and the importance of country-specific FRAX® and fracture liaison services for secondary fracture prevention. CONCLUSIONS A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for regional use in GCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Al-Saleh
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alessa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Samar Al Emadi
- Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riad Sulimani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alyahya KO. Poor dietary consumption and limited sun exposure are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in premenopausal Kuwaiti women: A cross-sectional study. Qatar Med J 2020; 2020:15. [PMID: 32391251 PMCID: PMC7198469 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low serum vitamin D levels are reported constantly among females living in the Arabian Gulf countries, presumably due to their lifestyle, which limits direct sun exposure. Because Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in a wide range of ailments, healthy females with the deficiency might be at risk for developing many health problems. Thus, the aim was to assess lifestyle risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in healthy women in Kuwait. Methods: A total of 104, disease-free, premenopausal women were recruited for assessment of their serum 25OHD and intact PTH levels. Physical examination, blood withdrawal and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the relevant data. Associations were detected statistically using nonparametric tests and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Results: Vitamin D deficiency ( < 25 nmol/L) occurred in 84.6%, and hyperparathyroidism ( ≥ 6.9 pmol/L) occurred in 25% of women, among which all were vitamin D deficient. Significant risk factors of vitamin D deficiency were nondaily milk intake (OR:25, CI%:4.2-147), no fish intake (OR:5, CI%:1-22.8), and no weekend sun exposure (OR:8.2, CI%:1.28-52.6). Having PTH ≥ 6 pmol/L was also associated with a higher likelihood of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is very common in disease-free, premenopausal Kuwaiti women and can be avoided by improving food consumption and obtaining more sun exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khulood Othman Alyahya
- Science Department, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries: an expert consensus summary statement from the GCC vitamin D advisory board. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:35. [PMID: 32124080 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-0709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A summary of recommendations is given within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) setting on the assessment and management of vitamin D deficiency in the region. METHODS An assembly of 11 regional experts gathered to formulate an all-inclusive approach to vitamin D deficiency within GCC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Several gaps were identified before regional guidelines could be developed. These include adequacy and standardization of vitamin D testing, frequency of repeated testing and reference ranges, distinguishing prevention from the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, quality assurance of vitamin D products sold within GCC including contents and origins of products, and cut-points for vitamin D levels in local populations. A platform is created that can be further developed for overall regional implementation.
Collapse
|
7
|
AlQuaiz AM, Kazi A, Youssef RM, Alshehri N, Alduraywish SA. Association between standardized vitamin 25(OH)D and dyslipidemia: a community-based study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:4. [PMID: 31941477 PMCID: PMC6964076 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency associated with dyslipidemia can contribute towards cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have found that Saudi Arabia has a high burden of vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, including total cholesterol, low-density lipids, high-density lipids (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) in apparently healthy Saudi male and female participants aged 30-75 years. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1717 apparently healthy Saudi participants from 18 primary health care centers in Riyadh. Data collectors conducted the interviews, took anthropometric measurements, and collected the blood samples. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence assay method. Lipid panel was measured by a fully automated analyzer using enzymatic methods. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted odds ratio (ORA) of low level of HDL cholesterol in association with 25(OH)D deficiency was 2.1 times higher in males (ORA = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 3.9) and 1.3 times higher in females (ORA = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.9, 1.9). A significant excess odds ratio of high levels of TG in association with 25(OH) D deficiency was observed in females (ORA = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1, 7.9) but not in males. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Low levels of HDL cholesterol in men and high TG levels in women are associated with vitamin D deficiency. The results emphasize the importance of treating vitamin D deficiency in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AlJohara M AlQuaiz
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health Research, King Saud University, PO, Box 231831, Riyadh, 11321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University-Medical College -Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Kazi
- Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health Research, King Saud University, PO, Box 231831, Riyadh, 11321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- King Saud University-Medical College -Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Randa M Youssef
- King Saud University-Medical College -Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alshehri
- King Saud University-Medical College -Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ahmed Alduraywish
- King Saud University-Medical College -Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|