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Liu C, Shen Y, Tan Q. Diagnostic and prognostic values of MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer: A study based on bioinformatics analysis and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 38:15-24. [PMID: 36448239 DOI: 10.1177/03936155221140421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) associated with both diagnostic and prognostic value in ovarian cancer by meta-analysis and bioinformatics analyses. Methods We investigated the prognostic value of MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. Five databases were used to collect records about MMP-9 expression related to diagnostic and prognostic values in ovarian cancer from inception to June 2022. Using Stata 15.0 software, hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated as the effect index of prognosis. We chose the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) to judge the diagnostic utility of MMP-9 for ovarian cancer. Results A total of 23 studies on prognosis, and five studies on diagnosis were entered into the meta-analysis. These suggest that high MMP-9 expression was detrimental to the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (HR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08∼1.66; P<0.01). High MMP-9 expression increased the risk of tumor stage (OR = 3.66; 95% CI 1.89∼7.07), but was not related to the tumor grade of ovarian cancer ( P>0.05). The pooled analysis of serum MMP-9 diagnosing for ovarian cancer gave the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC the values of 0.72 (95% CI 0.61∼0.81), 0.81 (95% CI 0.77∼0.85), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.81∼0.87), respectively. Conclusion High MMP-9 expression can increase the tumor stage, and a correlation exists between high MMP-9 expression and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Also, serum MMP-9 has a good diagnostic value for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Liu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Hainan general Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Hainan general Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qiyan Tan
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Hainan general Hospital, Haikou, China
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Yin H, Liu Y, Yue H, Tian Y, Dong P, Xue C, Zhao YT, Zhao Z, Wang J. DHA- and EPA-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Suppress Human Lung Carcinoma 95D Cells Metastasis via Activating the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214675. [PMID: 36364935 PMCID: PMC9654432 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic effects of docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) and eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) were explored, and their underlying mechanisms in the human lung carcinoma 95D cells (95D cells) were investigated. After treatment of 95D cells with DHA-PC or EPA-PC, cell biological behaviors such as growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion were studied. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were carried out to assess underlying molecular mechanisms. Results showed that 95D cells proliferation and adherence in the DHA-PC or EPA-PC group were drastically inhibited than the control group. DHA-PC and EPA-PC suppressed the migration and invasion of 95D cells by disrupting intracellular F-actin, which drives cell movement. The protein expression of PPARγ was induced versus the control group. Furthermore, critical factors related to invasion, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), heparanase (Hpa), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were drastically downregulated through the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and cofilin were significantly suppressed via DHA-PC and EPA-PC through the PPARγ/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. DHA-PC and EPA-PC reversed the PPARγ antagonist GW9662-induced reduction of 95D cells in migration and invasion capacity, suggesting that PPARγ was directly involved in the anti-metastasis efficacy of DHA-PC and EPA-PC. In conclusion, DHA-PC and EPA-PC have great potential for cancer therapy, and the antineoplastic effects involve the activation of PPARγ. EPA-PC showed more pronounced antineoplastic effects than DHA-PC, possibly due to the more robust activation of PPARγ by EPA-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yun-Tao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Hainan Huayan Collagen Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 571000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6655-3777 (Z.Z.); +86-532-8203-1967 (J.W.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6655-3777 (Z.Z.); +86-532-8203-1967 (J.W.)
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Rådestad AF, Estekizadeh A, Cui HL, Kostopoulou ON, Davoudi B, Hirschberg AL, Carlson J, Rahbar A, Söderberg-Naucler C. Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and its Immune Response on Survival of Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1292-1300. [PMID: 30172882 PMCID: PMC6121833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in various types of tumors. We studied the prevalence of HCMV in ovarian cancer and its relation to clinical outcome. Paraffin-embedded tissues obtained prospectively from 45 patients with ovarian cancer and 30 patients with benign ovarian cystadenoma were analyzed for expression of HCMV immediate-early protein (IE) and HCMV tegument protein (pp65) by immunohistochemistry. Plasma was analyzed for HCMV serology. HCMV-IgG levels were higher in patients with ovarian cancer or benign cystadenoma than in age-matched controls (P = .002, P < .0001, respectively). HCMV IgM was detected in 12% of ovarian cancer patients and 3% of patients with benign tumors but was absent in controls. In patients with ovarian cancer, higher IgG levels were associated with better outcomes (P = .04). Extensive HCMV-IE protein expression was detected in 75% of ovarian cancers and 26% of benign tumors; pp65 was detected in 67% of ovarian cancers and 14% of benign tumors. A higher grade of HCMV infection was associated with higher stage of disease. Extensive HCMV-pp65 expression was associated with shorter median overall survival than focal expression (39 versus 42.5 months, P = .03). At study closure, 58% of ovarian cancer patients with focal pp65 expression were alive versus 27% of patients with extensive pp65 expression (P = .03). Thus, HCMV proteins are detected at different levels in ovarian tumors and benign cystadenomas. Ovarian cancer patients with focal HCMV-pp65 expression in their tumors and high IgG levels against HCMV lived longer, highlighting a need for in-depth studies of the oncomodulatory role of HCMV in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Flöter Rådestad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atosa Estekizadeh
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huanhuan L Cui
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ourania N Kostopoulou
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liang FR, Hong YH, Ye CC, Deng H, Yuan JP, Hao YF, Wang JH. Molecular characterization and gene expression of cathepsin L in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:280-292. [PMID: 28602734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CatL) has been widely known for its involvement in the innate immunity. However, it still remains poorly understand how CatL modulates the immune system of teleosts. Moreover, the CatL of Nile tilapia (NtCatL) has not been cloned or characterized. In this study, the gene encoding NtCatL was cloned, and was characterized by bioinformatics analysis, heterologous expression and protease activity assay. The coding sequence of NtCatL is 1017 bp in length and encodes 338 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 38.487 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.79. NtCatL possesses the features of a typical cathepsin L, including one signal peptide, one propeptide region, and one papain family cysteine protease domain containing four active site residues (Gln135, Cys141, His281, and Asn305). The prediction of protein-protein interaction shows that NtCatL may interact with some functional proteins for realizing an immune function. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed the widespread transcriptional expression of NtCatL in six tissues of healthy Nile tilapia, and the NtCatL mRNA is significantly up-regulated after Streptococcus agalactiae challenge. These results suggest that NtCatL is likely to be involved in the immune reaction of Nile tilapia. Recombinant proteins from the mature domain (residues 117-337) of NtCatL were obtained by heterologous expression using pET28a and Rosetta (DE3) competent cells. A protein product with the high purity was obtained by using TALON Superflow purification rather than adopting HisTrap HP columns. The protease activity of the recombinant protein was verified by using a substrate hydrolyzing assay. This work has cloned and characterized the CatL from Nile tilapia for the first time, and contributes to elucidating the immunological functions of CatL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rui Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hui Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Shen JD, Cai QF, Yan LJ, Du CH, Liu GM, Su WJ, Ke C, Cao MJ. Cathepsin L is an immune-related protein in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)--Purification and characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:986-995. [PMID: 26549175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L, an immune-related protein, was purified from the hepatopancreas of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatographies of SP-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 HR. Purified cathepsin L appeared as two bands with molecular masses of 28.0 and 28.5 kDa (namely cathepsin La and Lb) on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis revealed that peptide fragments of 95 amino acid residues was high similarity to cathepsin L of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). The optimal temperature and pH of cathepsin L were 35 °C and pH 5.5. Cathepsin L was particularly inhibited by cysteine proteinase inhibitors of E-64 and leupeptin, while it was activated by metalloproteinase inhibitors EDTA and EGTA. The full-length cathepsin L cDNA was further cloned from the hepatopancreas by rapid PCR amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The open reading frame of the enzyme was 981 bp, encoding 327 amino acid residues, with a conserved catalytic triad (Cys134, His273 and Asn293), a potential N-glycosylation site and conserved ERFNIN, GNYD, and GCGG motifs, which are characteristics of cathepsin L. Western blot and proteinase activity analysis revealed that the expression and enzyme activity of cathepsin L were significantly up-regulated in hepatopancreas at 8 h following Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, demonstrating that cathepsin L is involved in the innate immune system of abalone. Our present study for the first time reported the purification, characterization, molecular cloning, and tissue expression of cathepsin L in abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Shen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Cai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Long-Jie Yan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Cui-Hong Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Wen-Jin Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China.
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ZHANG LUOSHENG, WEI LIXIA, SHEN GUANZHU, HE BENFU, GONG WEI, MIN NA, ZHANG LI, DUAN YUXIN, XIE JINGRAN, LUO HUIYAN, GAO XINGWANG. Cathepsin L is involved in proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:468-74. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lęgowska M, Wysocka M, Burster T, Pikuła M, Rolka K, Lesner A. Ultrasensitive internally quenched substrates of human cathepsin L. Anal Biochem 2014; 466:30-7. [PMID: 25151941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Internally quenched cathepsin L (Cat L) substrate ABZ-Bip-Arg-Ala-Gln-Tyr(3-NO2)-NH2 with high specificity constant (kcat/KM=2.6×10(7)M(-1)s(-1)) was synthesized. The resultant compound displayed high selectivity over other members of the cathepsin family (B, S, X, V, C, K, H, F, D, and A). Activity of Cat L at picomolar (pM) concentrations was found using this substrate. Moreover, it was established that the presence of the selective Cat L inhibitor suppressed the proteolysis of the substrate to a non-detectable level. Incubation of the synthesized compound with a cell lysate of healthy and cancer cell lines indicated significant differences in Cat L activity. Based on the obtained results, it is proposed that this substrate could be used for selective monitoring of Cat L activity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lęgowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Timo Burster
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
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Impact of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect and Cathepsins Levels on the Activity of Polymer-Drug Conjugates. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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