1
|
Chandrasekaran S, Zhang C, Shu Y, Wang H, Chen S, Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison T, Liu Y, Karthik N, Misra R, Deng L, Yin P, Ge Y, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zhang P, Bowen C, Han Z. Advanced opportunities and insights on the influence of nitrogen incorporation on the physico-/electro-chemical properties of robust electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
2
|
Highly Optimized Nitrogen-Doped MWCNTs through In-Depth Parametric Study Using Design of Experiments. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040643. [PMID: 31010018 PMCID: PMC6523270 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The in-situ nitrogen doping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition is investigated employing design of experiments (DoE). The establishment of empirical DoE models allowed for the prediction of product features as a function of process conditions in order to systematically synthesize tailor-made nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The high informative content of this approach revealed effects of individual parameters and their interaction with each other. Hence, new valuable insights into the effect of temperature, injection rate, and carrier gas flow on the doping level were obtained which give motivation to approach further theoretical studies on the doping mechanism. Ultimately, competitive nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube features were optimized and yielded promising combinations of achieved doping level, graphitization, and aspect ratios in comparison to present literature values.
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu L, Zhu G, Ji J, Yadav TP, Chen Y, Yang G, Xu H, Li H. Recyclable Visible Light-Driven O-g-C 3N 4/Graphene Oxide/N-Carbon Nanotube Membrane for Efficient Removal of Organic Pollutants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42427-42435. [PMID: 30444339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants are harmful to human health, which creates a global need for the development of novel and effective materials for efficiently removing contaminants. Accordingly, an efficient visible light-driven heterostructured membrane combined with oxygen-modified monolayer g-C3N4, graphene oxide, and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT) was successfully fabricated through electrostatic interactions and subsequent vacuum filtration. The results suggested that the O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membrane exhibited higher degradation rate than those of O-g-C3N4/GO and pure O-g-C3N4 under visible light exposure. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the introduction of GO and N-CNT, which acted as electronic acceptors for monolayer O-g-C3N4 that effectively inhibited recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the enrichment and degradation rates of O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membranes were demonstrated for tetracycline hydrochloride, which were found to be 96.64 and 94.30%, respectively, and no distinct enrichment or catalytic activity reduction was observed when their reusability was measured. These results suggested that these recyclable O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membranes provide a new strategy for the highly efficient removal of environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| | - Gen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| | - T P Yadav
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi 221005 , India
| | - Yijiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| | - Guohai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Physicochemical properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes from metallocenes and ferrocenyl imidazolium compounds. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
5
|
Hlekelele L, Franklyn PJ, Tripathi PK, Durbach SH. Morphological and crystallinity differences in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapour deposition decomposition of melamine over coal fly ash. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CVD of melamine over waste coal fly ash to form N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) of various morphologies and crystallinities as a function of temperature and % N incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lerato Hlekelele
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
| | - Paul J. Franklyn
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
| | - Pranav K. Tripathi
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
| | - Shane H. Durbach
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
- University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chang YC, Shih YC, Chen JY, Lin GY, Hsu NY, Chou YS, Wang CH. High efficiency of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes on functionalized graphite felt as electrode in vanadium redox flow battery. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-CNT/TA-GF has high efficiency and good stability for VRFB application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jian-Yu Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Atomic Energy Council
- Executive Yuan
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yih Hsu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Atomic Energy Council
- Executive Yuan
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sin Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bulk production of bamboo-shaped multi-walled carbon nanotubes via catalytic decomposition of methane over tri-metallic Ni–Co–Fe catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Yadav RM, Wu J, Kochandra R, Ma L, Tiwary CS, Ge L, Ye G, Vajtai R, Lou J, Ajayan PM. Carbon Nitrogen Nanotubes as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11991-12000. [PMID: 25970133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are essential for broad range of renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries and hydrogen production through water splitting, therefore, tremendous effort has been taken to develop excellent catalysts for these reactions. However, the development of cost-effective and efficient bifunctional catalysts for both reactions still remained a grand challenge. Herein, we report the electrocatalytic investigations of bamboo-shaped carbon nitrogen nanotubes (CNNTs) having different diameter distribution synthesized by liquid chemical vapor deposition technique using different nitrogen containing precursors. These CNNTs are found to be efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. The electrocatalytic activity strongly depends on the nanotube diameter as well as nitrogen functionality type. The higher diameter CNNTs are more favorable for these reactions. The increase in nanotube diameter itself enhances the catalytic activity by lowering the oxygen adsorption energy, better conductivity, and further facilitates the reaction by increasing the percentage of catalytically active nitrogen moieties in CNNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Manohar Yadav
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- ‡Department of Physics, VSSD College, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | - Jingjie Wu
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Raji Kochandra
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lulu Ma
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Liehui Ge
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gonglan Ye
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert Vajtai
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Laser assisted synthesis of carbon nanoparticles with controlled viscosities for printing applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 447:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Li J, Croiset E, Ricardez-Sandoval L. Carbon nanotube growth: First-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo model. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Wu J, Yadav RM, Liu M, Sharma PP, Tiwary CS, Ma L, Zou X, Zhou XD, Yakobson BI, Lou J, Ajayan PM. Achieving Highly Efficient, Selective, and Stable CO2 Reduction on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5364-71. [PMID: 25897553 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in the electrosynthesis of fuels from CO2 is to achieve durable and active performance with cost-effective catalysts. Here, we report that carbon nanotubes (CNTs), doped with nitrogen to form resident electron-rich defects, can act as highly efficient and, more importantly, stable catalysts for the conversion of CO2 to CO. The unprecedented overpotential (-0.18 V) and selectivity (80%) observed on nitrogen-doped CNTs (NCNTs) are attributed to their unique features to facilitate the reaction, including (i) high electrical conductivity, (ii) preferable catalytic sites (pyridinic N defects), and (iii) low free energy for CO2 activation and high barrier for hydrogen evolution. Indeed, DFT calculations show a low free energy barrier for the potential-limiting step to form key intermediate COOH as well as strong binding energy of adsorbed COOH and weak binding energy for the adsorbed CO. The highest selective site toward CO production is pyridinic N, and the NCNT-based electrodes exhibit no degradation over 10 h of continuous operation, suggesting the structural stability of the electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Wu
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ram Manohar Yadav
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mingjie Liu
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pranav P Sharma
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Lulu Ma
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiaolong Zou
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- †Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of heteroatom-containing iron(II) piano-stool complexes for the synthesis of shaped carbon nanomaterials. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Purceno AD, Machado BF, Teixeira APC, Medeiros TV, Benyounes A, Beausoleil J, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL, Lago RM, Serp P. Magnetic amphiphilic hybrid carbon nanotubes containing N-doped and undoped sections: powerful tensioactive nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:294-300. [PMID: 25408246 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, unique amphiphilic magnetic hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized and used as tensioactive nanostructures in different applications. These CNTs interact very well with aqueous media due to the hydrophilic N-doped section, whereas the undoped hydrophobic one has strong affinity for organic molecules. The amphiphilic character combined with the magnetic properties of these CNTs opens the door to completely new and exciting applications in adsorption science and catalysis. These amphiphilic N-doped CNTs can also be used as powerful tensioactive emulsification structures. They can emulsify water/organic mixtures and by a simple magnetic separation the emulsion can be easily broken. We demonstrate the application of these CNTs in the efficient adsorption of various molecules, in addition to promoting biphasic processes in three different reactions, i.e. transesterification of soybean oil, quinoline extractive oxidation with H2O2 and a metal-catalyzed aqueous oxidation of heptanol with molecular oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aluir D Purceno
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Brasil, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Conversion of isopropyl alcohol over Ru and Pd loaded N-doped carbon nanotubes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Oosthuizen RS, Nyamori VO. Heteroatom-containing ferrocene derivatives as catalysts for MWCNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Oosthuizen
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban; 4000; South Africa
| | - Vincent O. Nyamori
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban; 4000; South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qian D, Andrews R, Weisenberger M, Meier MS. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and Y junctions by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1680/nme.12.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
17
|
Huan TN, Van Khai T, Kang Y, Shim KB, Chung H. Enhancement of quaternary nitrogen doping of graphene oxide via chemical reduction prior to thermal annealing and an investigation of its electrochemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31158e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Van Khai T, Na HG, Kwak DS, Kwon YJ, Ham H, Shim KB, Kim HW. Significant enhancement of blue emission and electrical conductivity of N-doped graphene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
19
|
Zhu Z, Wang J, Munir A, Zhou HS. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on bamboo shaped carbon nanotubes/chitosan matrix. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Mabena LF, Sinha Ray S, Mhlanga SD, Coville NJ. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as a metal catalyst support. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-011-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Cui T, Lv R, Huang ZH, Kang F, Wang K, Wu D. Effect of sulfur on enhancing nitrogen-doping and magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:77. [PMID: 21711610 PMCID: PMC3212225 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is introduced as an additive in the growth atmosphere of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the range of 940-1020°C. CNT products with distorted sidewalls can be obtained by S-assisted growth. Moreover, many fascinating CNT structures can also be found in samples grown with S addition, such as bamboo-like CNTs, twisted CNTs, arborization-like CNTs, and bead-like CNTs. Compared with CNTs grown without S, more nitrogen-doping content is achieved in CNTs with S addition, which is beneficial for the properties and applications of nitrogen-doped CNTs. In addition, S can also enhance the encapsulation of ferromagnetic materials and thus improve the soft magnetic properties of CNTs, which is favorable to the applications of CNTs in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing and magnetic data storage areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ruitao Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zheng-hong Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Dehai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles on bamboo shaped carbon nanotubes for ethanol oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Révész Á, Szepes L, Baer T, Sztáray B. Binding Energies and Isomerization in Metallocene Ions from Threshold Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17795-803. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105511t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Révész
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - László Szepes
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Tomas Baer
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nxumalo EN, Letsoalo PJ, Cele LM, Coville NJ. The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Cui T, Lv R, Kang F, Hu Q, Gu J, Wang K, Wu D. Synthesis and enhanced field-emission of thin-walled, open-ended, and well-aligned N-doped carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:941-8. [PMID: 20672122 PMCID: PMC2893853 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thin-walled, open-ended, and well-aligned N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the quartz slides were synthesized by using acetonitrile as carbon sources. As-obtained products possess large thin-walled index (TWI, defined as the ratio of inner diameter and wall thickness of a CNT). The effect of temperature on the growth of CNTs using acetonitrile as the carbon source was also investigated. It is found that the diameter, the TWI of CNTs increase and the Fe encapsulation in CNTs decreases as the growth temperature rises in the range of 780-860°C. When the growth temperature is kept at 860°C, CNTs with TWI = 6.2 can be obtained. It was found that the filed-emission properties became better as CNT growth temperatures increased from 780 to 860°C. The lowest turn-on and threshold field was 0.27 and 0.49 V/μm, respectively. And the best field-enhancement factors reached 1.09 × 105, which is significantly improved about an order of magnitude compared with previous reports. In this study, about 30 × 50 mm2 free-standing film of thin-walled open-ended well-aligned N-doped carbon nanotubes was also prepared. The free-standing film can be transferred easily to other substrates, which would promote their applications in different fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nxumalo EN, Coville NJ. Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review. MATERIALS 2010. [PMCID: PMC5445868 DOI: 10.3390/ma3032141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have become a topic of increased importance in the study of carbonaceous materials. This arises from the physical and chemical properties that are created when N is embedded in a CNT. These properties include modified chemical reactivity and modified conductivity and mechanical properties. A range of methodologies have been devised to synthesize N-CNTs. One of the procedures uses a floating catalyst in which an organometallic complex is decomposed in the gas phase in the presence of a nitrogen containing reactant to give N-CNTs. Most studies have been limited to ferrocene, ring substituted ferrocene and Fe(CO)5. This review covers the synthesis (and properties) of N-CNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials (SCNMs) produced using organometallic complexes. It summarizes the effects that physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, gas flow rates, type and concentration of N source etc. have on the N-CNT type, size and yields as well as the nitrogen content incorporated into the tubes that are produced from organometallic complexes. Proposed growth models for N-CNT synthesis are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil J. Coville
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27 11 717 6738; Fax: +27 11 717 6749
| |
Collapse
|