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Zhang H, Song Y, Liang Z, Zhang X, Xu B, Guo J. A novel Sn/SnO/graphene triple core-shell heterogeneous catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang X, Li Y, Yu H, Gui X, Wang H, Huang H, Peng F. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxidation of Cyclohexane by Filling with Fe, Ni, and FeNi alloy Nanowires. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fe-, Ni-, and alloyed FeNi-filled carbon nanotubes (Fe@CNT, Ni@CNT, and FeNi@CNT) were prepared by a general strategy using a mixture of xylene and dichlorobenzene as carbon source, and ferrocene, nickelocene, and their mixture as catalysts. By tailoring the composition of the carbon precursor, the filling ratio and the wall thickness of metal@CNT could be controlled. For the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane in liquid phase with molecular oxygen as oxidant, the highest activity was obtained over Fe@CNT synthesized from pure dichlorobenzene. However, Ni filling did not improve the activity of CNTs. The effects of metal filling, wall thickness, and defects on catalytic activity were investigated to determine the structure–activity relationship of the filled CNTs. The enhanced catalytic performance can be attributed to a combined contribution of thin walls of CNTs and confined electron-donating metals, which are favourable to electron transfer on the surfaces of CNTs. The modification of the electronic structure of CNTs upon Fe and Ni fillers insertion was elucidated through density functional theory calculations.
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Catalytically active single-atom niobium in graphitic layers. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1924. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Van Hooijdonk E, Bittencourt C, Snyders R, Colomer JF. Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:129-52. [PMID: 23504581 PMCID: PMC3596098 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses and summarizes recent studies on the functionalization of carbon nanotubes oriented perpendicularly to their substrate, so-called vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). The intrinsic properties of individual nanotubes make the VA-CNTs ideal candidates for integration in a wide range of devices, and many potential applications have been envisaged. These applications can benefit from the unidirectional alignment of the nanotubes, the large surface area, the high carbon purity, the outstanding electrical conductivity, and the uniformly long length. However, practical uses of VA-CNTs are limited by their surface characteristics, which must be often modified in order to meet the specificity of each particular application. The proposed approaches are based on the chemical modifications of the surface by functionalization (grafting of functional chemical groups, decoration with metal particles or wrapping of polymers) to bring new properties or to improve the interactions between the VA-CNTs and their environment while maintaining the alignment of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Van Hooijdonk
- Research center in Physics of Matter and Radiation, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Materia Nova Research Center, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Colomer
- Research center in Physics of Matter and Radiation, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Qian D, Andrews R, Weisenberger M, Meier MS. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and Y junctions by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1680/nme.12.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Wei J, Lv R, Guo N, Wang H, Bai X, Mathkar A, Kang F, Zhu H, Wang K, Wu D, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM. Preparation of highly oxidized nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:155601. [PMID: 22437078 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/15/155601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A method for the preparation of highly oxidized nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) from KMnO(4) + H(2)SO(4) solution is described. The atomic ratio of C/O in oxidized N-CNTs is as low as 1.2. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that about 75% of the carbon atoms are oxidized and bound to oxygen-containing functional groups. The oxidation reaction mainly occurs at the outer sidewalls, which destroys the graphene stack to an sp(3)-rich structure and helps to preserve the tubular structure of the inner N-CNTs. The oxidized N-CNTs show an energy gap of ~2.1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Murugaraj P, Mainwaring DE, Al Kobaisi M, Siegele R. Stable doped sp2 C-hybrid nanostructures by reactive ion beam irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32714g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mis-Fernández R, Rios-Soberanis CR, Arenas-Alatorre J, Azamar-Barrios JA. Synthesis of carbon nanostructures from residual solids waste tires. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Q, Huang JQ, Zhao MQ, Qian WZ, Wei F. Carbon nanotube mass production: principles and processes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:864-89. [PMID: 21732544 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Cui T, Lv R, Huang ZH, Kang F, Wang K, Wu D. Effect of sulfur on enhancing nitrogen-doping and magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:77. [PMID: 21711610 PMCID: PMC3212225 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is introduced as an additive in the growth atmosphere of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the range of 940-1020°C. CNT products with distorted sidewalls can be obtained by S-assisted growth. Moreover, many fascinating CNT structures can also be found in samples grown with S addition, such as bamboo-like CNTs, twisted CNTs, arborization-like CNTs, and bead-like CNTs. Compared with CNTs grown without S, more nitrogen-doping content is achieved in CNTs with S addition, which is beneficial for the properties and applications of nitrogen-doped CNTs. In addition, S can also enhance the encapsulation of ferromagnetic materials and thus improve the soft magnetic properties of CNTs, which is favorable to the applications of CNTs in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing and magnetic data storage areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ruitao Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zheng-hong Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Dehai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Prasek J, Drbohlavova J, Chomoucka J, Hubalek J, Jasek O, Adam V, Kizek R. Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis—review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou K, Huang JQ, Zhang Q, Wei F. Multi-Directional Growth of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Over Catalyst Film Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:1555-60. [PMID: 21076673 PMCID: PMC2956049 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The structure of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) severely depends on the properties of pre-prepared catalyst films. Aiming for the preparation of precisely controlled catalyst film, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed to deposit uniform Fe(2)O(3) film for the growth of CNT arrays on planar substrate surfaces as well as the curved ones. Iron acetylacetonate and ozone were introduced into the reactor alternately as precursors to realize the formation of catalyst films. By varying the deposition cycles, uniform and smooth Fe(2)O(3) catalyst films with different thicknesses were obtained on Si/SiO(2) substrate, which supported the growth of highly oriented few-walled CNT arrays. Utilizing the advantage of ALD process in coating non-planar surfaces, uniform catalyst films can also be successfully deposited onto quartz fibers. Aligned few-walled CNTs can be grafted on the quartz fibers, and they self-organized into a leaf-shaped structure due to the curved surface morphology. The growth of aligned CNTs on non-planar surfaces holds promise in constructing hierarchical CNT architectures in future. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11671-010-9676-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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