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Li H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Xie A. Abnormal eye movements in Parkinson's disease: From experimental study to clinical application. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 115:105791. [PMID: 37537120 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that integrates a series of motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms, making early recognition challenging. The exploration of biomarkers is urgently required. Abnormal eye movements in PD have been reported to appear in a variety of ways since eye tracking technology was developed, such as decreased saccade amplitude, extended saccade latency, and unique saccade patterns. Non-invasive, objective and simple eye tracking has the potential to provide effective biomarkers for the PD diagnosis, progression and cognitive impairment, as well as ideas for research into the occurrence and treatment strategy of motor symptoms. In this review, we introduced the fundamental eye movement patterns and typical eye movement paradigms (such as fixation, pro-saccade, anti-saccade, smooth tracking, and visual search), summarized the symptoms of various ocular motor abnormalities in PD, and discussed the research implications of oculomotor investigation to the pathogenesis of PD and related motor symptoms, as well as the clinical implications as biomarkers and its inspiration on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; The Cerebral Vascular Disease Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Reiner J, Franken L, Raveh E, Rosset I, Kreitman R, Ben-Ami E, Djaldetti R. Oculometric measures as a tool for assessment of clinical symptoms and severity of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1241-1248. [PMID: 37553460 PMCID: PMC10480268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of oculometric measures (OM) are widely described in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, knowledge of correlations between abnormal OM, disease severity and clinical assessment in PD patients is still lacking. To evaluate these correlations, PD patients (215 patients, mean age 69 ± 9.1 years, 79 females) with severe (H&Y > 3) and mild to moderate (H&Y ≤ 2) disease, and 215 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients were evaluated using MDS-UPDRS and an oculometric test using computer vision and deep learning algorithms. Comparisons of OM between groups and correlations between OM and MDS-UPDRS scores were calculated. Saccadic latency (ms) was prolonged in patients with severe compared with mild to moderate disease (pro-saccades: 267 ± 69 vs. 238 ± 53, p = 0.0011; anti-saccades: 386 ± 119 vs. 352 ± 106, p = 0.0393) and in patients with mild to moderate disease versus healthy subjects (pro-saccades: 238 ± 53 vs. 220 ± 45, p = 0.0003; anti-saccades: 352 ± 106 vs. 289 ± 71, p < 0.0001). Error rate (%) was higher among patients with severe (64.06 ± 23.08) versus mild to moderate disease (49.84 ± 24.81, p = 0.0001), and versus healthy subjects (49.84 ± 24.81 vs. 28.31 ± 21.72, p = 0.00001). Response accuracy (%) was lower for patients with severe (75.66 ± 13.11) versus mild to moderate disease (79.66 ± 13.56, p = 0.0462), and versus healthy subjects (79.66 ± 13.56 vs. 90.27 ± 8.79, p < 0.0001). Pro- and anti-saccadic latency, error rate and accuracy were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores (r = 0.32, 0.28, 0.36 and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001) and similar correlations were found with its axial subscore (R = 0.38, 0.29, 0.44, and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001). Several OM were different in patients under levodopa treatment. OM worsened as PD severity increases, and were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores. Using OM can be implemented for PD patients' assessment as a tool to follow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Franken
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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de Villers-Sidani É, Voss P, Guitton D, Cisneros-Franco JM, Koch NA, Ducharme S. A novel tablet-based software for the acquisition and analysis of gaze and eye movement parameters: a preliminary validation study in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1204733. [PMID: 37396780 PMCID: PMC10310943 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1204733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that eye movements can reflect certain aspects of brain function and inform on the presence of neurodegeneration is not a new one. Indeed, a growing body of research has shown that several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, present characteristic eye movement anomalies and that specific gaze and eye movement parameters correlate with disease severity. The use of detailed eye movement recordings in research and clinical settings, however, has been limited due to the expensive nature and limited scalability of the required equipment. Here we test a novel technology that can track and measure eye movement parameters using the embedded camera of a mobile tablet. We show that using this technology can replicate several well-known findings regarding oculomotor anomalies in Parkinson's disease (PD), and furthermore show that several parameters significantly correlate with disease severity as assessed with the MDS-UPDRS motor subscale. A logistic regression classifier was able to accurately distinguish PD patients from healthy controls on the basis of six eye movement parameters with a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.86. This tablet-based tool has the potential to accelerate eye movement research via affordable and scalable eye-tracking and aid with the identification of disease status and monitoring of disease progression in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne de Villers-Sidani
- Innodem Neurosciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Voss
- Innodem Neurosciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Guitton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J. Miguel Cisneros-Franco
- Innodem Neurosciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nils A. Koch
- Innodem Neurosciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhou MX, Wang Q, Lin Y, Xu Q, Wu L, Chen YJ, Jiang YH, He Q, Zhao L, Dong YR, Liu JR, Chen W. Oculomotor impairments in de novo Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:985679. [PMID: 36437987 PMCID: PMC9682176 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.985679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reliable electrophysiological indicators are urgently needed in the precise evaluation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is still elusive whether oculomotor performance is impaired or has clinical value in early PD. This study aims to explore oculomotor performance in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD and its correlation with clinical phenotype. Methods Seventy-five patients with de novo PD, 75 patients with essential tremor (ET), and 46 gender-and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent oculomotor test via videonystagmography. Visually guided saccade latency, saccadic accuracy and gain in smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) at three frequencies of the horizontal axis were compared among the three groups. Patients with PD also received detailed motor and non-motor evaluation by serial scales. The association between key oculomotor parameters and clinical phenotypes were explored in PD patients. Results Both de novo PD and ET patients showed prolonged saccadic latency and decreased saccadic accuracy relative to HCs. SPEM gain in PD was uniformly reduced at each frequency. SPEM gain at 0.4 Hz was also decreased in ET compared with HCs. However, there was no significant difference of oculomotor parameters between de novo PD and ET patients. Furthermore, prolonged saccadic latency was correlated with long disease duration, whereas decreased SPEM gain was associated with severe motor symptoms in de novo PD patients. Conclusion Ocular movements are impaired in de novo, drug naïve PD patients; these changes could be indicators for disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Han Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Rong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Ren Liu,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wei Chen,
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Waldthaler J, Stock L, Student J, Sommerkorn J, Dowiasch S, Timmermann L. Antisaccades in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:628-642. [PMID: 33742354 PMCID: PMC8592977 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of eye-tracking tasks as potential biomarkers for motor or cognitive disease burden in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been subject of debate for many years. Several studies suggest that the performance in the antisaccade task may be altered in patients with PD and associated with motor disease severity or executive dysfunction. In this meta-analysis, random effects models were used to synthesize the existing evidence on antisaccade error rates and latency in PD. Furthermore, meta-regressions were performed to assess the role of motor and cognitive disease severity, dopaminergic medication and methodological factors. Additionally, the impact of acute levodopa administration and activation of deep brain stimulation was evaluated in two separate sub-analyses.This meta-analysis confirms that antisaccade latency and error rate are significantly increased in PD. Disease duration, Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale score and Hoehn and Yahr stage mediate the effect of PD on antisaccade latency with higher motor burden being associated with increased antisaccade latency.Acute administration of levodopa had no significant effects on antisaccade performance in a small number of eligible studies. Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus, on the other hand, may alter the speed accuracy trade-off supporting an increase of impulsivity following deep brain stimulation in PD.According to the results of the meta-analysis, antisaccade latency may provide a potential marker for disease severity and progression in PD which needs further confirmation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Waldthaler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
- CMBB - Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Stock
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Justus Student
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Sommerkorn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dowiasch
- CMBB - Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany
- CMBB - Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Zhou H, Wang X, Ma D, Jiang Y, Li F, Sun Y, Chen J, Sun W, Pinkhardt EH, Landwehrmeyer B, Ludolph A, Zhang L, Zhao G, Wang Z. The differential diagnostic value of a battery of oculomotor evaluation in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02184. [PMID: 34056874 PMCID: PMC8323034 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonism is still challenging, and the diagnostic biomarkers of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the combined eye movement tests in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and those with MSA. METHODS We enrolled 96 PD patients, 33 MSA patients (18 with MSA-P and 15 with MSA-C), and 40 healthy controls who had their horizontal ocular movements measured. The multiple-step pattern of memory-guided saccade (MGS), the hypometria/hypermetria of the reflexive saccade, the abnormal saccade in smooth pursuit movement (SPM), gaze-evoked nystagmus, and square-wave jerks in gaze-holding test were qualitatively analyzed. The reflexive saccadic parameters and gain of SPM were also quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS The MGS test showed that patients with either diagnosis had a significantly higher incidence of multiple-step pattern compared with controls (68.6%, 65.2%, and versus. 2.5%, p < .05, in PD, MSA, versus. controls, respectively). The reflexive saccade test showed that MSA patients showing a prominent higher incidence of the abnormal saccade (63.6%, both hypometria and hypermetria) than that of PD patients and controls (33.3%, 7.5%, respectively, hypometria) (p < .05). The SPM test showed PD patients had mildly decreased gain among whom 28.1% presenting "saccade intrusions"; and that MSA patients had the significant decreased gain with 51.5% presenting "catch-up saccades"(p < .05). Only MSA patients showed gaze-evoked nystagmus (24.2%), square-wave jerks (6.1%) in gaze-holding test (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS A panel of eye movements tests may help to differentiate PD from MSA. The combined presence of hypometria and hypermetria in saccadic eye movement, the impaired gain of smooth pursuit movement with "catch-up saccades," gaze-evoked nystagmus, square-wave jerks in gaze-holding test, and multiple-step pattern in MGS may provide clues to the diagnosis of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchuang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wunderlich J, Behler A, Dreyhaupt J, Ludolph AC, Pinkhardt EH, Kassubek J. Diagnostic value of video-oculography in progressive supranuclear palsy: a controlled study in 100 patients. J Neurol 2021; 268:3467-3475. [PMID: 33744980 PMCID: PMC8357639 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The eponymous feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is oculomotor impairment which is one of the relevant domains in the Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria. Objective We aimed to investigate the value of specific video-oculographic parameters for the use as diagnostic markers in PSP. Methods An analysis of video-oculography recordings of 100 PSP patients and 49 age-matched healthy control subjects was performed. Gain of smooth pursuit eye movement and latency, gain, peak eye velocity, asymmetry of downward and upward velocities of saccades as well as rate of saccadic intrusions were analyzed. Results Vertical saccade velocity and saccadic intrusions allowed for the classification of about 70% and 56% of the patients, respectively. By combining both parameters, almost 80% of the PSP patients were covered, while vertical velocity asymmetry was observed in approximately 34%. All parameters had a specificity of above 95%. The sensitivities were lower with around 50–60% for the velocity and saccadic intrusions and only 27% for vertical asymmetry. Conclusions In accordance with oculomotor features in the current PSP diagnostic criteria, video-oculographic assessment of vertical saccade velocity and saccadic intrusions resulted in very high specificity. Asymmetry of vertical saccade velocities, in the opposite, did not prove to be useful for diagnostic purposes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10522-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Behler
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar H Pinkhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Tsitsi P, Benfatto MN, Seimyr GÖ, Larsson O, Svenningsson P, Markaki I. Fixation Duration and Pupil Size as Diagnostic Tools in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:865-875. [PMID: 33612496 PMCID: PMC8150520 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual and oculomotor problems are very common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and by using eye-tracking such problems could be characterized in more detail. However, eye-tracking is not part of the routine clinical investigation of parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE To evaluate gaze stability and pupil size in stable light conditions, as well as eye movements during sustained fixation in a population of PD patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS In total, 50 PD patients (66% males) with unilateral to mild-to-moderate disease (Hoehn & Yahr 1-3, Schwab and England 70-90%) and 43 HC (37% males) were included in the study. Eye movements were recorded with Tobii Pro Spectrum, a screen-based eye tracker with a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the strength of association of eye-movement measures with diagnosis. RESULTS Median pupil size (OR 0.811; 95% CI 0.666-0.987; p = 0.037) and longest fixation period (OR 0.798; 95% CI 0.691-0.921; p = 0.002), were the eye-movement parameters that were independently associated with diagnosis, after adjustment for sex (OR 4.35; 95% CI 1.516-12.483; p = 0.006) and visuospatial/executive score in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (OR 0.422; 95% CI 0.233-0.764; p = 0.004). The area under the ROC curve was determined to 0.817; 95% (CI) 0.732-0.901. CONCLUSION Eye-tracking based measurements of gaze fixation and pupil reaction may be useful biomarkers of PD diagnosis. However, larger studies of eye-tracking parameters integrated into the screening of patients with suspected PD are necessary, to further investigate and confirm their diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tsitsi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustaf Öqvist Seimyr
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Larsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Region Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Markaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Region Stockholm, Sweden
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Frei K. Abnormalities of smooth pursuit in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Clin Park Relat Disord 2020; 4:100085. [PMID: 34316663 PMCID: PMC8299966 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2020.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of saccades, vergence and smooth pursuit have been found in PD. SPEM abnormalities in PD consist of reduced gain and saccadic pursuit. PD patients have normal SPEM interspersed with catch up and anticipatory saccades. SP may reflect an inability to inhibit extraneous saccades or be a sign of executive dysfunction. Degeneration of SNr in PD may be reason behind SPEM abnormalities in PD.
Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormalities are commonly seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both reduced speed and saccades seen during SPEM, also known as saccadic pursuit (SP), have been studied in PD. A comprehensive literature review analyzed 26 studies of SPEM and PD. It appears that a greater proportion of PD patients have SPEM abnormalities consisting of reduced SPEM gain and/or SP compared to the normal population. It is not clear whether SPEM abnormalities are present early in the disease or begin sometime during disease progression. SPEM abnormalities may be correlated with disease severity but do not fluctuate or respond to dopaminergic medication in the same manner as other motor symptoms in PD. SPEM in PD is composed of normal SPEM interspersed with SP composed of both catch up and anticipatory saccades. This differs from other neurodegenerative disorders and may be related to an inability to inhibit extraneous saccades or to increased distraction reflecting executive dysfunction. Because the basal ganglia are involved in SPEM physiology, degeneration of the SNr neurons in PD may explain abnormal SPEM in this disorder. Since dementia, aging and medication effects influence SPEM, they should be controlled for in future studies of SPEM in PD. SP is easily detected on clinical exam and may be a biomarker for the disease or for disease progression. Oculomotor testing can be an important part of the Parkinson’s exam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frei
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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10
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Godfrey M, Singh KD. Measuring robust functional connectivity from resting-state MEG using amplitude and entropy correlation across frequency bands and temporal scales. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117551. [PMID: 33186722 PMCID: PMC7836237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MRVE measures the dynamic variability of MEG signals at a range of temporal scales. MRVE correlation and AEC detected robust resting state functional connectivity. The most robust patterns were found for fS=75Hz MRVE correlation and beta band AEC. Connectivity strength negatively correlates with local MRVE at fine time scales. Eye movement affects resting state connectivity measurements across frequencies.
Recent studies have shown how MEG can reveal spatial patterns of functional connectivity using frequency-specific oscillatory coupling measures and that these may be modified in disease. However, there is a need to understand both how repeatable these patterns are across participants and how these measures relate to the moment-to-moment variability (or ‘irregularity) of neural activity seen in healthy brain function. In this study, we used Multi-scale Rank-Vector Entropy (MRVE) to calculate the dynamic timecourses of signal variability over a range of temporal scales. The correlation of MRVE timecourses was then used to detect functional connections in resting state MEG recordings that were robust over 183 participants and varied with temporal scale. We compared these MRVE connectivity patterns to those derived using the more conventional method of oscillatory amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) using methods designed to quantify the consistency of these patterns across participants. Using AEC, the most consistent connectivity patterns, across the cohort, were seen in the alpha and beta frequency bands. At fine temporal scales (corresponding to ‘scale frequencies, fS = 30-150Hz), MRVE correlation detected mostly occipital and parietal connections. These showed high similarity with the networks identified by AEC in the alpha and beta frequency bands. The most consistent connectivity profiles between participants were given by MRVE correlation at fS = 75Hz and AEC in the beta band. The physiological relevance of MRVE was also investigated by examining the relationship between connectivity strength and local variability. It was found that local activity at frequencies fS≳ 10Hz becomes more regular when a region exhibits high levels of resting state connectivity, as measured by fine scale MRVE correlation (fS∼ 30-150Hz) and by alpha and beta band AEC. Analysis of the EOG recordings also revealed that eye movement affected both connectivity measures. Higher levels of eye movement were associated with stronger frontal connectivity, as measured by MRVE correlation. More eye movement was also associated with reduced occipital and parietal connectivity strength for both connectivity measures, although this was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Godfrey
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Krish D Singh
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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11
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A convolutional oculomotor representation to model parkinsonian fixational patterns from magnified videos. Pattern Anal Appl 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10044-020-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Amphetamine-induced alteration to gaze parameters: A novel conceptual pathway and implications for naturalistic behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101929. [PMID: 33091542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical, pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal monoamine (primarily dopaminergic) systems, producing alterations to key brain regions which manifest as stereotyped ridged behaviour which occurs under both acute and chronic dosing schedules and persists beyond detoxification. Despite evidence of amphetamine-induced visual attentional dysfunction, no conceptual synthesis has yet captured how characteristic pharmaco-behavioural processes are critically implicated via these pathways, nor described the potential implications for safety-sensitive behaviours. Drawing on known pathomechanisms, we propose a cross-disciplinary, novel conceptual functional system framework for delineating the biobehavioural consequences of amphetamine use on visual attentional capacity and discuss the implications for functional and behavioural outcomes. Specifically, we highlight the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on visual information processing for timely execution of visually-guided movements. Following this, we highlight the potential impact on safety-sensitive, but common behaviours, such as driving a motor vehicle. The close pathophysiological relationship between oculomotor control and higher-order cognitive processes further suggests that dynamic measurement of movement related to the motion of the eye (gaze behaviour) may be a simple, effective and direct measure of behavioural performance capabilities in naturalistic settings. Consequently, we discuss the potential efficacy of ocular monitoring for the detection and monitoring of driver states for this drug user group, and potential wider application. Significance statement: We propose a novel biochemical-physiological-behavioural pathway which delineates how amphetamine use critically alters oculomotor function, visual-attentional performance and information processing capabilities. Given the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on these processes, we recommend oculography as a novel means of detecting and monitoring gaze behaviours during naturalistic tasks such as driving. Real-word examination of gaze behaviour therefore present as an effective means to detect driver impairment and prevent performance degradation due to these drugs.
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13
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Dijkstra F, Viaene M, De Volder I, Fransen E, Cras P, Crosiers D. Polysomnographic phenotype of isolated REM sleep without atonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2508-2515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Gorges M, Müller HP, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Storch A, Dodel R, Hilker-Roggendorf R, Berg D, Kunz MS, Kalbe E, Baudrexel S, Kassubek J. Structural brain signature of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease: DTI-based evidence from the LANDSCAPE study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419843447. [PMID: 31205489 PMCID: PMC6535714 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419843447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nonmotor symptom spectrum of Parkinson’s disease (PD) includes progressive cognitive decline mainly in late stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to map the patterns of altered structural connectivity of patients with PD with different cognitive profiles ranging from cognitively unimpaired to PD-associated dementia. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological data from the observational multicentre LANDSCAPE study were analyzed. A total of 134 patients with PD with normal cognitive function (56 PD-N), mild cognitive impairment (67 PD-MCI), and dementia (11 PD-D) as well as 72 healthy controls were subjected to whole-brain-based fractional anisotropy mapping and covariance analysis with cognitive performance measures. Results: Structural data indicated subtle changes in the corpus callosum and thalamic radiation in PD-N, whereas severe white matter impairment was observed in both PD-MCI and PD-D patients including anterior and inferior fronto-occipital, uncinate, insular cortices, superior longitudinal fasciculi, corona radiata, and the body of the corpus callosum. These regional alterations were demonstrated for PD-MCI and were more pronounced in PD-D. The pattern of involved regions was significantly correlated with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) total score. Conclusions: The findings in PD-N suggest impaired cross-hemispherical white matter connectivity that can apparently be compensated for. More pronounced involvement of the corpus callosum as demonstrated for PD-MCI together with affection of fronto-parieto-temporal structural connectivity seems to lead to gradual disruption of cognition-related cortico-cortical networks and to be associated with the onset of overt cognitive deficits. The increase of regional white matter damage appears to be associated with the development of PD-associated dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Richard Dodel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf
- Klinik für Neurologie und Klinische Neurophysiologie, Klinikum Vest, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Recklinghausen, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Kunz
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Baudrexel
- Department of Neurology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, RKU, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm 89081, Germany
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15
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Larrazabal A, García Cena C, Martínez C. Video-oculography eye tracking towards clinical applications: A review. Comput Biol Med 2019; 108:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Sprenger A, Hanssen H, Hagedorn I, Prasuhn J, Rosales RL, Jamora RDG, Diesta CC, Domingo A, Klein C, Brüggemann N, Helmchen C. Eye movement deficits in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism are related to striatal degeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 61:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Filippi M, Sarasso E, Agosta F. Resting-state Functional MRI in Parkinsonian Syndromes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:104-117. [PMID: 30838308 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used to study abnormal patterns of functional connectivity at rest in patients with movement disorders such as idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonisms. Methods This manuscript provides an educational review of the current use of resting-state fMRI in the field of parkinsonian syndromes. Results Resting-state fMRI studies have improved the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying motor and non-motor symptom development and progression in movement disorders. Even if its inclusion in clinical practice is still far away, resting-state fMRI has the potential to be a promising biomarker for early disease detection and prediction. It may also aid in differential diagnosis and monitoring brain responses to therapeutic agents and neurorehabilitation strategies in different movement disorders. Conclusions There is urgent need to identify and validate prodromal biomarkers in PD patients, to perform further studies assessing both overlapping and disease-specific fMRI abnormalities among parkinsonian syndromes, and to continue technical advances to fully realize the potential of fMRI as a tool to monitor the efficacy of chronic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sarasso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Laboratory of Movement Analysis San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
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18
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Commisso B, Ding L, Varadi K, Gorges M, Bayer D, Boeckers TM, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J, Müller OJ, Roselli F. Stage-dependent remodeling of projections to motor cortex in ALS mouse model revealed by a new variant retrograde-AAV9. eLife 2018; 7:36892. [PMID: 30136928 PMCID: PMC6125125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of motoneurons in the primary motor cortex (pMO) and in spinal cord. However, the pathogenic process involves multiple subnetworks in the brain and functional MRI studies demonstrate an increase in functional connectivity in areas connected to pMO despite the ongoing neurodegeneration. The extent and the structural basis of the motor subnetwork remodeling in experimentally tractable models remain unclear. We have developed a new retrograde AAV9 to quantitatively map the projections to pMO in the SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model. We show an increase in the number of neurons projecting from somatosensory cortex to pMO at presymptomatic stages, followed by an increase in projections from thalamus, auditory cortex and contralateral MO (inputs from 20 other structures remains unchanged) as disease advances. The stage- and structure-dependent remodeling of projection to pMO in ALS may provide insights into the hyperconnectivity observed in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lingjun Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Varadi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Bayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Gorges M, Müller HP, Kassubek J. Structural and Functional Brain Mapping Correlates of Impaired Eye Movement Control in Parkinsonian Syndromes: A Systems-Based Concept. Front Neurol 2018; 9:319. [PMID: 29867729 PMCID: PMC5949537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human oculomotor system by eye movement recordings provides an approach to behavior and its alterations in disease. The neurodegenerative process underlying parkinsonian syndromes, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multisystem atrophy (MSA) changes structural and functional brain organization, and thus affects eye movement control in a characteristic manner. Video-oculography has been established as a non-invasive recording device for eye movements, and systematic investigations of eye movement control in a clinical framework have emerged as a functional diagnostic tool in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Disease-specific brain atrophy in parkinsonian syndromes has been reported for decades, these findings were refined by studies utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and task-based/task-free functional MRI—both MRI techniques revealed disease-specific patterns of altered structural and functional brain organization. Here, characteristic disturbances of eye movement control in parkinsonian syndromes and their correlations with the structural and functional brain network alterations are reviewed. On this basis, we discuss the growing field of graph-based network analysis of the structural and functional connectome as a promising candidate for explaining abnormal phenotypes of eye movement control at the network level, both in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Barlow RL, Gorges M, Wearn A, Niessen HG, Kassubek J, Dalley JW, Pekcec A. Ventral Striatal D2/3 Receptor Availability Is Associated with Impulsive Choice Behavior As Well As Limbic Corticostriatal Connectivity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:705-715. [PMID: 29554302 PMCID: PMC6030945 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens shell is associated with highly impulsive behavior in rats as measured by premature responses in a cued attentional task. However, it is unclear whether dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens is equally linked to intolerance for delayed rewards, a related form of impulsivity. METHODS We investigated the relationship between D2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens and impulsivity in a delay-discounting task where animals must choose between immediate, small-magnitude rewards and delayed, larger-magnitude rewards. Corticostriatal D2/3 receptor availability was measured in rats stratified for high and low impulsivity using in vivo [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography and ex vivo [3H]raclopride autoradiography. Resting-state functional connectivity in limbic corticostriatal networks was also assessed using fMRI. RESULTS Delay-discounting task impulsivity was inversely related to D2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens core but not the dorsal striatum, with higher D2/3 binding in the nucleus accumbens shell of high-impulsive rats compared with low-impulsive rats. D2/3 receptor availability was associated with stronger connectivity between the cingulate cortex and hippocampus of high- vs low-impulsive rats. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that delay-discounting task impulsivity is associated with low D2/3 receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens core. Thus, two related forms of waiting impulsivity-premature responding and delay intolerance in a delay-of-reward task-implicate an involvement of D2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. This dissociation may be causal or consequential to enhanced functional connectivity of limbic brain circuitry and hold relevance for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction, and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Barlow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Discovery Research, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, RKU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alfie Wearn
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Discovery Research, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heiko G Niessen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, RKU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Discovery Research, Biberach an der Riss, Germany,Correspondence: Anton Pekcec, DVM, PhD, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Discovery Research, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany ()
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21
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Regional microstructural damage and patterns of eye movement impairment: a DTI and video-oculography study in neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes. J Neurol 2017; 264:1919-1928. [PMID: 28762086 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic alterations of eye movement control are a common feature of neurodegenerative parkinsonism, including Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Regional microstructural alterations as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been reported in PD, PSP, and MSA. Therefore, we investigated the specific association between eye movement disturbances and microstructural impairment in these diseases. Video-oculographic recordings of smooth pursuit and visually guided reactive saccades as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) maps computed from whole-brain DTI data were analyzed for 36 PD, 30 PSP, 18 MSA patients, and 23 matched healthy control subjects. In PSP, peak eye velocity was pathologically slowed compared to controls (p < 0.001) and correlated significantly with microstructural impairment in the midbrain (p < 0.001, corrected). Smooth pursuit eye movements were substantially disturbed in MSA mainly by characteristic 'catch-up' saccades resulting in significantly reduced pursuit gain (p < 0.001, corrected), and the shape of saccadized pursuit in MSA was significantly correlated with FA reductions in the middle cerebral peduncle (p < 0.001, FDR corrected). The prevalence of saccadic intrusions as a measure for inhibitory control was significantly increased in PD compared with controls (p < 0.001), but was uncorrelated with FA in cortical and subcortical white matter. Eye movement disturbances in PSP and MSA-but not in PD-are associated with diagnosis-specific regional microstructural alterations in the white matter. The non-invasive quantified oculomotor function analysis can give clues to the underlying structural connectivity network pathology and underpins its role as a technical marker in PSP and MSA.
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22
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Mastrandrea R, Gabrielli A, Piras F, Spalletta G, Caldarelli G, Gili T. Organization and hierarchy of the human functional brain network lead to a chain-like core. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4888. [PMID: 28687740 PMCID: PMC5501790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a paradigmatic example of a complex system: its functionality emerges as a global property of local mesoscopic and microscopic interactions. Complex network theory allows to elicit the functional architecture of the brain in terms of links (correlations) between nodes (grey matter regions) and to extract information out of the noise. Here we present the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data from forty healthy humans at rest for the investigation of the basal scaffold of the functional brain network organization. We show how brain regions tend to coordinate by forming a highly hierarchical chain-like structure of homogeneously clustered anatomical areas. A maximum spanning tree approach revealed the centrality of the occipital cortex and the peculiar aggregation of cerebellar regions to form a closed core. We also report the hierarchy of network segregation and the level of clusters integration as a function of the connectivity strength between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Mastrandrea
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, piazza S. Ponziano 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gabrielli
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, piazza S. Ponziano 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy.,Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC) - CNR, UoS Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Enrico Fermi Center, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 305, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 305, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tx, USA
| | - Guido Caldarelli
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, piazza S. Ponziano 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy.,Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC) - CNR, UoS Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Gili
- Enrico Fermi Center, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 305, 00179, Rome, Italy
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23
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Vaca-Palomares I, Coe BC, Brien DC, Campos-Romo A, Munoz DP, Fernandez-Ruiz J. Voluntary saccade inhibition deficits correlate with extended white-matter cortico-basal atrophy in Huntington's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017. [PMID: 28649493 PMCID: PMC5472191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit automatic versus voluntary saccade commands in demanding situations can be impaired in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). These deficits could result from disruptions in the interaction between basal ganglia and the saccade control system. To investigate voluntary oculomotor control deficits related to the cortico-basal circuitry, we evaluated early HD patients using an interleaved pro- and anti-saccade task that requires flexible executive control to generate either an automatic response (look at a peripheral visual stimulus) or a voluntary response (look away from the stimulus in the opposite direction). The impairments of HD patients in this task are mainly attributed to degeneration in the striatal medium spiny neurons leading to an over-activation of the indirect-pathway thorough the basal ganglia. However, some studies have proposed that damage outside the indirect-pathway also contribute to executive and saccade deficits. We used the interleaved pro- and anti-saccade task to study voluntary saccade inhibition deficits, Voxel-based morphometry and Tract-based spatial statistic to map cortico-basal ganglia circuitry atrophy in HD. HD patients had voluntary saccade inhibition control deficits, including increased regular-latency anti-saccade errors and increased anticipatory saccades. These deficits correlated with white-matter atrophy in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, anterior corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus. These findings suggest that cortico-basal ganglia white-matter atrophy in HD, disrupts the normal connectivity in a network controlling voluntary saccade inhibitory behavior beyond the indirect-pathway. This suggests that in vivo measures of white-matter atrophy can be a reliable marker of the progression of cognitive deficits in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian C Coe
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Donald C Brien
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Aurelio Campos-Romo
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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24
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Rosskopf J, Gorges M, Müller HP, Lulé D, Uttner I, Ludolph AC, Pinkhardt E, Juengling FD, Kassubek J. Intrinsic functional connectivity alterations in progressive supranuclear palsy: Differential effects in frontal cortex, motor, and midbrain networks. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1006-1015. [PMID: 28544256 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topography of functional network changes in progressive supranuclear palsy can be mapped by intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. The objective of this study was to study functional connectivity and its clinical and behavioral correlates in dedicated networks comprising the cognition-related default mode and the motor and midbrain functional networks in patients with PSP. METHODS Whole-brain-based "resting-state" functional MRI and high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data together with neuropsychological and video-oculographic data from 34 PSP patients (22 with Richardson subtype and 12 with parkinsonian subtype) and 35 matched healthy controls were subjected to network-based functional connectivity and voxel-based morphometry analysis. RESULTS After correction for global patterns of brain atrophy, the group comparison between PSP patients and controls revealed significantly decreased functional connectivity (P < 0.05, corrected) in the prefrontal cortex, which was significantly correlated with cognitive performance (P = 0.006). Of note, midbrain network connectivity in PSP patients showed increased connectivity with the thalamus, on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, lower functional connectivity within the midbrain was significantly correlated with vertical gaze impairment, as quantified by video-oculography (P = 0.004). PSP Richardson subtype showed significantly increased functional motor network connectivity with the medial prefrontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS PSP-associated neurodegeneration was attributed to both decreased and increased functional connectivity. Decreasing functional connectivity was associated with worse behavioral performance (ie, dementia severity and gaze palsy), whereas the pattern of increased functional connectivity may be a potential adaptive mechanism. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dorothée Lulé
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingo Uttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Freimut D Juengling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Claraspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Vintonyak O, Gorges M, Müller HP, Pinkhardt EH, Ludolph AC, Huppertz HJ, Kassubek J. Patterns of Eye Movement Impairment Correlate with Regional Brain Atrophy in Neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. NEURODEGENER DIS 2017; 17:117-126. [PMID: 28268209 DOI: 10.1159/000454880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One common feature of neurodegenerative parkinsonism including Parkinson's disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is altered eye movement control. Characteristic regional structural atrophy patterns in MRI can be observed in PD, MSA, and PSP. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between eye movement disturbances and regional brain atrophy in patients with PD, MSA, and PSP. METHODS High-resolution 3-dimensional T1-weighted MRI images and video-oculographic recordings (EyeLink®) were obtained from 39 PD, 32 PSP, and 18 MSA patients and 24 matched healthy control subjects. Automatic regional volumetric assessment was performed using atlas-based volumetry (ABV). RESULTS The prevalence of saccadic intrusions as a measure of inhibitory control was significantly increased in PD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with whole brain volume, cerebral brain volume, and occipital lobe volume (p = 0.0057, p = 0.0049, and p = 0.0059, respectively; all p values are false discovery rate corrected). In MSA, smooth pursuit was disturbed by characteristic "catch-up" saccades (p < 0.001) and it was significantly correlated with cerebellar volume (p = 0.004) and pontine volume (p < 0.001). The hallmark of PSP was pathologically slowed vertical peak eye velocities (p < 0.001); the lower the peak eye velocity, the more marked midbrain atrophy (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Foci of regional atrophy correlated with disease-specific eye movement alterations in all investigated parkinsonian syndromes. Oculomotor impairment in PD, predominantly the result of executive dysfunction, was linked to cerebral atrophy. Impairment in the corresponding oculomotor pathways was associated with atrophy of pontocerebellar oculomotor structures in MSA and midbrain atrophy in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vintonyak
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Pan P, Zhan H, Xia M, Zhang Y, Guan D, Xu Y. Aberrant regional homogeneity in Parkinson's disease: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 72:223-231. [PMID: 27916710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies of abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis using the Seed-based d Mapping software package to identify the most consistent and replicable findings. A systematic literature search was performed to identify eligible whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that had measured differences in ReHo between patients with PD and healthy controls between January 2000 and June 4, 2016. A total of ten studies reporting 11 comparisons (212 patients; 182 controls) were included. Increased ReHo was consistently identified in the bilateral inferior parietal lobules, bilateral medial prefrontal cortices, and left cerebellum of patients with PD when compared to healthy controls, while decreased ReHo was observed in the right putamen, right precentral gyrus, and left lingual gyrus. The results of the current meta-analysis demonstrate a consistent and coexistent pattern of impairment and compensation of intrinsic brain activity that predominantly involves the default mode and motor networks, which may advance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- PingLei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - MingXu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - DeNing Guan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, PR China.
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Lemos J, Pereira D, Almendra L, Rebelo D, Patrício M, Castelhano J, Cunha G, Januário C, Cunha L, Freire A, Castelo-Branco M. Distinct functional properties of the vertical and horizontal saccadic network in Health and Parkinson's disease: An eye-tracking and fMRI study. Brain Res 2016; 1648:469-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gorges M, Rosskopf J, Müller HP, Lindemann K, Hornyak M, Kassubek J. Patterns of increased intrinsic functional connectivity in patients with restless legs syndrome are associated with attentional control of sensory inputs. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:264-9. [PMID: 26921454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential alterations of intrinsic functional connectivity in idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) are to be assumed since RLS is considered a network disorder. Whole-brain-based investigation of intrinsic functional connectivity networks including the sensorimotor systems in patients with RLS was compared with matched healthy controls. METHODS 'Resting-state' functional MRI (1.5 T) from 26 patients with RLS and 26 matched controls were analyzed using standardized seed-based analysis procedures. The motor/sensorimotor, sensory thalamic, ventral and dorsal attention, basal ganglia-thalamic, cingulate, and brainstem networks were used for voxel-based group comparisons between RLS patients and controls. RESULTS Significantly increased connectivities were observed in the sensory thalamic, ventral and dorsal attention, basal ganglia-thalamic, and cingulate networks in RLS patients, whereas no differences could be demonstrated for the motor/sensorimotor and the brainstem system. The pattern of functional connectivity alterations was positively correlated with increasing symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally increased regional BOLD synchronization appears to be a key feature of intrinsic brain architecture in RLS. Alterations in cortical and sub-cortical functional networks support the notion that the underlying pathophysiology of RLS is beyond the sensorimotor and the brainstem system and may be also associated with altered attentional control of sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Magdolna Hornyak
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Neuropsychiatry Centre Erding/München, Erding, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Müller HP, Gorges M, Grön G, Kassubek J, Landwehrmeyer GB, Süßmuth SD, Wolf RC, Orth M. Motor network structure and function are associated with motor performance in Huntington's disease. J Neurol 2016; 263:539-49. [PMID: 26762394 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-8014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In Huntington's disease, the relationship of brain structure, brain function and clinical measures remains incompletely understood. We asked how sensory-motor network brain structure and neural activity relate to each other and to motor performance. Thirty-four early stage HD and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor, and intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. Diffusivity patterns were assessed in the cortico-spinal tract and the thalamus-somatosensory cortex tract. For the motor network connectivity analyses the dominant M1 motor cortex region and for the basal ganglia-thalamic network the thalamus were used as seeds. Region to region structural and functional connectivity was examined between thalamus and somatosensory cortex. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was higher in HD than controls in the basal ganglia, and lower in the external and internal capsule, in the thalamus, and in subcortical white matter. Between-group axial and radial diffusivity differences were more prominent than differences in FA, and correlated with motor performance. Within the motor network, the insula was less connected in HD than in controls, with the degree of connection correlating with motor scores. The basal ganglia-thalamic network's connectivity differed in the insula and basal ganglia. Tract specific white matter diffusivity and functional connectivity were not correlated. In HD sensory-motor white matter organization and functional connectivity in a motor network were independently associated with motor performance. The lack of tract-specific association of structure and function suggests that functional adaptation to structural loss differs between participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Müller
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Gorges
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Grön
- Section Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sigurd D Süßmuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Eye Movement Deficits Are Consistent with a Staging Model of pTDP-43 Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142546. [PMID: 26559944 PMCID: PMC4641606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neuropathological process underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be traced as a four-stage progression scheme of sequential corticofugal axonal spread. The examination of eye movement control gains deep insights into brain network pathology and provides the opportunity to detect both disturbance of the brainstem oculomotor circuitry as well as executive deficits of oculomotor function associated with higher brain networks. Objective To study systematically oculomotor characteristics in ALS and its underlying network pathology in order to determine whether eye movement deterioration can be categorized within a staging system of oculomotor decline that corresponds to the neuropathological model. Methods Sixty-eight ALS patients and 31 controls underwent video-oculographic, clinical and neuropsychological assessments. Results Oculomotor examinations revealed increased anti- and delayed saccades’ errors, gaze-palsy and a cerebellary type of smooth pursuit disturbance. The oculomotor disturbances occurred in a sequential manner: Stage 1, only executive control of eye movements was affected. Stage 2 indicates disturbed executive control plus ‘genuine’ oculomotor dysfunctions such as gaze-paly. We found high correlations (p<0.001) between the oculomotor stages and both, the clinical presentation as assessed by the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) score, and cognitive scores from the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS). Conclusions Dysfunction of eye movement control in ALS can be characterized by a two-staged sequential pattern comprising executive deficits in Stage 1 and additional impaired infratentorial oculomotor control pathways in Stage 2. This pattern parallels the neuropathological staging of ALS and may serve as a technical marker of the neuropathological spreading.
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Eye-tracking controlled cognitive function tests in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a controlled proof-of-principle study. J Neurol 2015; 262:1918-26. [PMID: 26041615 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. There is a need to establish an eye movement-based method of neuropsychological assessment suitable for severely physically impaired patients with ALS. Forty-eight ALS patients and thirty-two healthy controls matched for age, sex and education performed a hand and speech motor-free version of the Raven's coloured progressive matrices (CPM) and the D2-test which had been especially adapted for eye-tracking control. Data were compared to a classical motor-dependent paper-pencil version. The association of parameters of the eye-tracking and the paper-pencil version of the tests and the differences between and within groups were studied. Subjects presented similar results in the eye-tracking and the corresponding paper-pencil versions of the CPM and D2-test: a correlation between performance accuracy for the CPM was observed for ALS patients (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001) and in the D2-test for controls (p = 0.048), whereas this correlation did not reach statistical significance for ALS patients (p = 0.096). ALS patients performed worse in the CPM than controls in the eye-tracking (p = 0.053) and the paper-pencil version (p = 0.042). Most importantly, eye-tracking versions of the CPM (p < 0.001) and the D2-test (p = 0.024) reliably distinguished between more and less cognitively impaired patients. Eye-tracking-based neuropsychological testing is a promising approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS.
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