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Feng T, Zhang L, Wu Y, Tang L, Chen X, Li Y, Shan C. Exploring the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Improving Walking Ability in Stroke Patients via Modulating Cerebellar Gamma Frequency Band-a Narrative Review. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1593-1603. [PMID: 37962773 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum plays an important role in maintaining balance, posture control, muscle tone, and lower limb coordination in healthy individuals and stroke patients. At the same time, the relationship between cerebellum and motor learning has been widely concerned in recent years. Due to the relatively intact structure preservation and high plasticity after supratentorial stroke, non-invasive neuromodulation targeting the cerebellum is increasingly used to treat abnormal gait in stroke patients. The gamma frequency of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is commonly used to improve motor learning. It is an essential endogenous EEG oscillation in the gamma range during the swing phase, and rhythmic movement changes in the gait cycle. However, the effect of cerebellar tACS in the gamma frequency band on balance and walking after stroke remains unknown and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Li
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Kóbor A, Janacsek K, Hermann P, Zavecz Z, Varga V, Csépe V, Vidnyánszky Z, Kovács G, Nemeth D. Finding Pattern in the Noise: Persistent Implicit Statistical Knowledge Impacts the Processing of Unpredictable Stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1239-1264. [PMID: 38683699 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Humans can extract statistical regularities of the environment to predict upcoming events. Previous research recognized that implicitly acquired statistical knowledge remained persistent and continued to influence behavior even when the regularities were no longer present in the environment. Here, in an fMRI experiment, we investigated how the persistence of statistical knowledge is represented in the brain. Participants (n = 32) completed a visual, four-choice, RT task consisting of statistical regularities. Two types of blocks constantly alternated with one another throughout the task: predictable statistical regularities in one block type and unpredictable ones in the other. Participants were unaware of the statistical regularities and their changing distribution across the blocks. Yet, they acquired the statistical regularities and showed significant statistical knowledge at the behavioral level not only in the predictable blocks but also in the unpredictable ones, albeit to a smaller extent. Brain activity in a range of cortical and subcortical areas, including early visual cortex, the insula, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the right globus pallidus/putamen contributed to the acquisition of statistical regularities. The right insula, inferior frontal gyrus, and hippocampus as well as the bilateral angular gyrus seemed to play a role in maintaining this statistical knowledge. The results altogether suggest that statistical knowledge could be exploited in a relevant, predictable context as well as transmitted to and retrieved in an irrelevant context without a predictable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kóbor
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
| | - Karolina Janacsek
- Centre of Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Petra Hermann
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
| | | | - Vera Varga
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
- University of Pannonia, Hungary
| | - Valéria Csépe
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
- University of Pannonia, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vidnyánszky
- Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
| | | | - Dezso Nemeth
- INSERM, CRNL U1028 UMR5292, France
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University & HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungary
- University of Atlántico Medio, Spain
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Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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Parmar K, Fonov VS, Naegelin Y, Amann M, Wuerfel J, Collins DL, Gaetano L, Magon S, Sprenger T, Kappos L, Granziera C, Tsagkas C. Regional Cerebellar Volume Loss Predicts Future Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:632-646. [PMID: 34417983 PMCID: PMC9325849 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) are well described; however, the exact contribution of cerebellar damage to MS disability has not been fully explored. Longer-term observational periods are necessary to better understand the dynamics of pathological changes within the cerebellum and their clinical consequences. Cerebellar lobe and single lobule volumes were automatically segmented on 664 3D-T1-weighted MPRAGE scans (acquired at a single 1.5 T scanner) of 163 MS patients (111 women; mean age: 47.1 years; 125 relapsing–remitting (RR) and 38 secondary progressive (SP) MS, median EDSS: 3.0) imaged annually over 4 years. Clinical scores (EDSS, 9HPT, 25FWT, PASAT, SDMT) were determined per patient per year with a maximum clinical follow-up of 11 years. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the association between cerebellar volumes and clinical scores and whether cerebellar atrophy measures may predict future disability progression. SPMS patients exhibited faster posterior superior lobe volume loss over time compared to RRMS, which was related to increase of EDSS over time. In RRMS, cerebellar volumes were significant predictors of motor scores (e.g. average EDSS, T25FWT and 9HPT) and SDMT. Atrophy of motor-associated lobules (IV-VI + VIII) was a significant predictor of future deterioration of the 9HPT of the non-dominant hand. In SPMS, the atrophy rate of the posterior superior lobe (VI + Crus I) was a significant predictor of future PASAT performance deterioration. Regional cerebellar volume reduction is associated with motor and cognitive disability in MS and may serve as a predictor for future disease progression, especially of dexterity and impaired processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Parmar
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Naegelin
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Amann
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG), Basel, Switzerland.,Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (Qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Wuerfel
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG), Basel, Switzerland.,Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (Qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CA, USA
| | - Laura Gaetano
- Neuroscience/Digital Medicine, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Magon
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Sprenger
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charidimos Tsagkas
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pollok B, Schmitz-Justen C, Krause V. Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Applied to the Left Premotor Cortex Interferes with Explicit Reproduction of a Motor Sequence. Brain Sci 2021; 11:207. [PMID: 33572164 PMCID: PMC7914983 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows the modulation of cortical excitability. TDCS effects can outlast the stimulation period presumably due to changes of GABA concentration which play a critical role in use-dependent plasticity. Consequently, tDCS and learning-related synaptic plasticity are assumed to share common mechanisms. Motor sequence learning has been related to activation changes within a cortico-subcortical network and findings from a meta-analysis point towards a core network comprising the cerebellum as well as the primary motor (M1) and the dorsolateral premotor cortex (dPMC). The latter has been particularly related to explicit motor learning by means of brain imaging techniques. We here test whether tDCS applied to the left dPMC affects the acquisition and reproduction of an explicitly learned motor sequence. To this end, 18 healthy volunteers received anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS to the left dPMC and were then trained on a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with their right hand. Immediately after the training and after overnight sleep, reproduction of the learned sequence was tested by means of reaction times as well as explicit recall. Regression analyses suggest that following cathodal tDCS reaction times at the end of the SRTT training-block explained a significant proportion of the number of correctly reported sequence items after overnight sleep. The present data suggest the left premotor cortex as one possible target for the application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in explicit motor sequence learning with the right hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pollok
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.S.-J.); (V.K.)
| | - Claire Schmitz-Justen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.S.-J.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krause
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (C.S.-J.); (V.K.)
- Department of Neuropsychology, Mauritius Hospital and Neurorehabilitation Center Meerbusch, 40670 Meerbusch, Germany
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