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Hsieh CC, Chang CY, Yar Lee TX, Wu J, Saovieng S, Hsieh YW, Zhu M, Huang CY, Kuo CH. Longevity, tumor, and physical vitality in rats consuming ginsenoside Rg1. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:210-217. [PMID: 36926614 PMCID: PMC10014179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effects of the major ginsenoside Rg1 on mammalian longevity and physical vitality are rarely reported. Purpose To examine longevity, tumor, and spontaneous locomotor activity in rats consuming Rg1. Methods A total of 138 Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups: control (N = 69) and Rg1 (N = 69). Rg1 (0.1 mg/kg per day) were orally supplemented from 6 months of age until natural death. Spontaneous mobility was measured by video-tracking together with body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and inflammation markers at 5, 14, 21, and 28 months of age. Results No significant differences in longevity (control: 706 days; Rg1: 651 days, p = 0.77) and tumor incidence (control: 19%; Rg1: 12%, p = 0.24) were observed between the two groups. Movement distance in the control group declined significantly by ∼60% at 21 months of age, together with decreased TNF-α (p = 0.01) and increased IL-10 (p = 0.02). However, the movement distance in the Rg1 group was maintained ∼50% above the control groups (p = 0.01) at 21 months of age with greater magnitudes of TNF-α decreases and IL-10 increases. Glucose, insulin, and body composition (bone, muscle and fat percentages) were similar for both groups during the entire observation period. Conclusion The results of the study suggest a delay age-dependent decline in physical vitality during late life by lifelong Rg1 consumption. This improvement is associated with inflammatory modulation. Significant effects of Rg1 on longevity and tumorigenesis were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chieh Hsieh
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yun Chang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tania Xu Yar Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jinfu Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suchada Saovieng
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Sports Science & Technology, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Yu-Wen Hsieh
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maijian Zhu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang H, Chen S, Tang Y, Dai Y. Interleukin-10 down-regulates oxLDL induced expression of scavenger receptor A and Bak-1 in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 512:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang H, Chen SC. The effect of interleukin-10 on apoptosis in macrophages stimulated by oxLDL. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657:126-30. [PMID: 21296075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marked anti-atheromatous effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were observed in several lipid-driven animal models of arteriosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated that IL-10 significantly inhibited lipid uptake in macrophages induced by oxLDL (Wang et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008b). In this study, we investigated whether IL-10 affects the apoptosis related gene BCL2L11 and BMF expression in macrophages treated with oxLDL from THP-1 cells, which served as macrophage models. Cell apoptosis assays were performed by flow cytometry. Expression of the apoptosis related genes BCL2L11 and BMF mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR (mRNA expression) and Western blotting (protein expression). IL-10 markedly blocked oxLDL induced cells undergoing early stage apoptosis. In the foam cell group, as compared with the macrophage group, the percentage of apoptosis increased by 100%. Here the expression of BCL2L11 was 45% (mRNA) and 41% (protein) elevated, while the expression of BMF was 54% (mRNA) and 44% (protein) elevated. When macrophages were co-stimulated by 100mg/l oxLDL and 20 μg/l IL-10 for 24h, compared with the foam cell group, the percentage of the apoptosis decreased by 21%, the expression of apoptosis related gene BMF was inhibited, the expression of mRNA and protein was both depressed by 23% and 20%, respectively, but the BCL2L11 expression was unchanged. These results may explain why decrement of early stage apoptosis cells was observed during co-stimulation and raise the possibility that IL-10 reduces foam cell undergoing apoptosis partly through down-regulating the expression of BMF, which demonstrates a critical role of IL-10 in anti-atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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