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Delgado DLC, Caceres LLC, Gómez SAC, Odio AD. Effect of dietary garlic ( Allium sativum) on the zootechnical performance and health indicators of aquatic animals: A mini-review. Vet World 2023; 16:965-976. [PMID: 37576751 PMCID: PMC10420702 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.965-976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made by modern aquaculture to mitigate the environmental damages caused by its practices while also attempting to improve the quality of the aquatic organisms by promoting alternatives, such as the use of natural products, like garlic (Allium sativum), and instead of chemical agents. Garlic has multiple properties, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitoxic, and anticancer effects. In fish, the antiparasitic activity of garlic is one of the most reported effects in the literature, mainly using immersion baths for aquatic organisms. Using garlic also has an antimicrobial effect on the culture of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this review focuses on the impact of garlic on the health and production of aquatic organisms.
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Zhou Z, Zhou P, Mu Y, Wang L, Cao Z, Dong S, Bao H, Yang B, Xin M, Li R, Ge RL, Tang F. Therapeutic effect on Alveolar echinococcosis by targeting EM-Leucine aminopeptidase. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027500. [PMID: 36311709 PMCID: PMC9614657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic disease caused by E. multilocularis metacestodes and it is highly prevalent in the northern hemisphere. We have previously found that vaccination with E. multilocularis Leucine aminopeptidase (EM-LAP) induced specific immune response and had an inhibiting effect on the parasites. In this study, the therapeutic effect of recombinant EM-LAP (rEM-LAP) on AE was evaluated and verified using Ubenimex, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of LAP. The results reveal that rEM-LAP could inhibit cyst growth and invasion and induce specific immunity response in BALB/c mice infected with E. multilocularis protoscoleces. The ultrasonic, MRI, and morphological results show that treatment with rEM-LAP inhibits E. multilocularis infection and reduces cyst weight, number, fibrosis and invasion. The same effect is observed for the treatment with Ubenimex by inhibiting LAP activity. The indirect ELISA shows that rEM-LAP could induce specific immunity response and produce high levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgM, and IgA, and the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 are significantly increased compared to the control groups, indicating that treatment with rEM-LAP leads to a Th1 and Th2 mixed-type immune response. This study suggests that EM-LAP could be a potential therapeutic target of E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yalin Mu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital DE Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjin Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Shizhong Dong
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Haihua Bao
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Baoliang Yang
- Department of ENT, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Minyuan Xin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Runle Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Runle Li, ; Ri-Li Ge, ; Feng Tang,
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Runle Li, ; Ri-Li Ge, ; Feng Tang,
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Medical Application, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Runle Li, ; Ri-Li Ge, ; Feng Tang,
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Li W, Huang R, Gong X, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Jiang X, Tie H, Wan J, Wang B. Allicin attenuated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by regulating PPARγ-IRAK-M-TLR4 signal pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:7361-7376. [PMID: 35730673 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the liver is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following liver surgery, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. It was reported that allicin, a type of garlic compound, had a protective effect against other hepatic diseases. Allicin's ability to protect against liver injury caused by ischemic reperfusion remains unknown. As a result, we conducted this study to determine allicin's effects and mechanism of action in hepatic I/R injury. Method: The liver I/R injury model was established by clamping the blood supply to the left and middle liver lobes. Three days prior to the hepatic I/R injury, different concentrations of allicin were gavaged. Then, hepatic function, histological changes, apoptosis markers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines were measured, and the molecular mechanisms were evaluated using western blot. Another separation experiment used IRAK-M knockout mice and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor to deduce the molecular mechanisms. Results: Pretreatment with allicin prior to hepatic I/R injury reduced liver damage by inhibiting aminotransferase activity and alleviating liver injury. It significantly decreased cell apoptosis, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, and hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that GW9662 (inhibitor of PPARγ) abrogated allicin's positive effect by inhibiting PPARγ expression while suppressing IRAK-M expression. Thus, the depletion of IRAK-M cannot influence the expression of PPARγ. The down-regulation of PPARγ-IRAK-M disabled the protection of allicin in I/R injury. Conclusion: Allicin protects against hepatic I/R injury via dose-dependent regulation of the PPARγ-IRAK-M-TLR4 signaling pathway, and it may be a potential drug in future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zizuo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xujie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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