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Prajapati A, Prajapati B, Patel A, Chauhan P, Das B, Raval S, Suthar A, Sutaria T, Chaudhari RK, Patel P, Chauhan V, Patel R. Molecular identification and genetic characterization of Theileria and Anaplasma infection in sheep and goat of North Gujarat, India. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1427-1433. [PMID: 37081210 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemoprotozoal diseases are significant health concerns in small ruminants. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the species of Theileria and Anaplasma in sheep and goats located in different districts of North Gujarat, India. A total of 226 (Banaskantha = 175, Patan = 26, and Bhuj = 25) blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 78) and goats (n = 148), and 46 ticks were collected and identified from sheep and goats. PCR assays were carried out using genus and species-specific primers for Theileria targeting 18S rRNA locus and for Anaplasma targeting the msp5 gene. Overall, 37.2% sheep (29/78) and 10.8% of goats (16/148) were positive for Theileria by PCR, whereas 15.4% of sheep (12/78) and 25.7% goats (38/148) were positive for Anaplasma infection. Moreover, mixed infection was found in 4.4% (10/226) of sheep and goats by PCR. Sanger sequencing of Theileria and Anaplasma positives revealed a high similarity to T. ovis and A. ovis using NCBI blast, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Anaplasma spp. DNA sequences belonged to the A. ovis group and closely associated with the A. ovis nucleotide sequence strain Haibei isolated in China from sheep (GQ483471). The phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU rRNA locus revealed that the Theileria ovis DNA sequences belonged to the T. ovis group and closely related to MW440586 isolated in Kerala, India, from a goat. The majority of ticks (91.3%) were identified as Hyalomma. In conclusion, Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis were commonly identified species in sheep and goats and transmitted mainly by Hyalomma ticks in North Gujarat, India, which is important baseline data for future research and control strategies. This is the first report on Theileria and Anaplasma co-infections in sheep and goats from North Gujarat, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhavesh Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhupamani Das
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Samir Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhinav Suthar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Sutaria
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravjibhai K Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankaj Patel
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - Vandip Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Patel
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, Gujarat, India
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