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Pandiselvam R, Mitharwal S, Rani P, Shanker MA, Kumar A, Aslam R, Barut YT, Kothakota A, Rustagi S, Bhati D, Siddiqui SA, Siddiqui MW, Ramniwas S, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The influence of non-thermal technologies on color pigments of food materials: An updated review. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100529. [PMID: 37377494 PMCID: PMC10290997 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The color of any food is influenced by several factors, such as food attributes (presence of pigments, maturity, and variety), processing methods, packaging, and storage conditions. Thus, measuring the color profile of food can be used to control the quality of food and examine the changes in chemical composition. With the advent of non-thermal processing techniques and their growing significance in the industry, there is a demand to understand the effects of these technologies on various quality attributes, including color. This paper reviews the effects of novel, non-thermal processing technologies on the color attributes of processed food and the implications on consumer acceptability. The recent developments in this context and a discussion on color systems and various color measurement techniques are also included. The novel non-thermal techniques, including high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultrasonication, and irradiation which employ low processing temperatures for a short period, have been found effective. Since food products are processed at ambient temperature by subjecting them to non-thermal treatment for a very short time, there is no possibility of damage to heat-sensitive nutrient components in the food, any deterioration in the texture of the food, and any toxic compounds in the food due to heat. These techniques not only yield higher nutritional quality but are also observed to maintain better color attributes. However, suppose foods are exposed to prolonged exposure or processed at a higher intensity. In that case, these non-thermal technologies can cause undesirable changes in food, such as oxidation of lipids and loss of color and flavor. Developing equipment for batch food processing using non-thermal technology, understanding the appropriate mechanisms, developing processing standards using non-thermal processes, and clarifying consumer myths and misconceptions about these technologies will help promote non-thermal technologies in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry, and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671 124, Kerala, India
| | - Swati Mitharwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Kundli, India
| | - Poonam Rani
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - M. Anjaly Shanker
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raouf Aslam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Yeliz Tekgül Barut
- Food Processing Department, Köşk Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dolly Bhati
- Department of Food Bioscienes, Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development Authority, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. WacławDąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100 Thailand
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Cugmas B, Štruc E, Kovče U, Lužar K, Olivry T. Evaluation of native canine skin color by smartphone-based dermatoscopy. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:299-304. [PMID: 35064590 PMCID: PMC9907669 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skin color, predominantly determined by the chromophores of melanin, hemoglobin, and exogenous carotenoids, is often measured to serve various medical and cosmetic applications. Although colorimetry has been used to evaluate the skin erythema in allergic dogs, the native canine skin color remains unknown. METHODS We measured the skin color in 101 healthy dogs using a calibrated optical system with a smartphone and a mobile dermatoscope DermLite DL1. The results were retrieved in the CIELAB color system and compared to the human color ranges. RESULTS The lightness (L*) of canine skin ranged from 28.5 to 78.3, which is slightly broader than that of human skin. There was a difference of 3.9 in redness (a*) between canine and human skin, but this variation could be attributed to the similarly valued colorimetric error of the optical system. Nonetheless, the skin yellowness was significantly different for dogs and humans (respective median b* of 12.3 versus 16.6, p < 0.01). This difference might be due to canids not being able to accumulate typically yellowish carotenoids. Furthermore, the native canine skin color did not exhibit a typical dependence between the coordinates of lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), known as the individual typology angle, °ITA. CONCLUSION We reported the first dataset of the native canine skin color in the CIELAB color space. We discovered a similarity in skin lightness and a difference in skin yellowness. However, further studies are needed for a more precise comparison of skin redness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Cugmas
- Biophotonics laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.,Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | | | - Urška Kovče
- Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lužar
- Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Barberi G, González-Alonso V, Spilimbergo S, Barolo M, Zambon A, Facco P. Optimization of the Appearance Quality in CO 2 Processed Ready-to-Eat Carrots through Image Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122999. [PMID: 34945550 PMCID: PMC8700774 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-pressure CO2 process applied to ready-to-eat food products guarantees an increase of both their microbial safety and shelf-life. However, the treatment often produces unwanted changes in the visual appearance of products depending on the adopted process conditions. Accordingly, the alteration of the visual appearance influences consumers' perception and acceptability. This study aims at identifying the optimal treatment conditions in terms of visual appearance by using an artificial vision system. The developed methodology was applied to fresh-cut carrots (Daucus carota) as the test product. The results showed that carrots packaged in 100% CO2 and subsequently treated at 6 MPa and 40 °C for 15 min maintained an appearance similar to the fresh product for up to 7 days of storage at 4 °C. Mild appearance changes were identified at 7 and 14 days of storage in the processed products. Microbiological analysis performed on the optimal treatment condition showed the microbiological stability of the samples up to 14 days of storage at 4 °C. The artificial vision system, successfully applied to the CO2 pasteurization process, can easily be applied to any food process involving changes in the appearance of any food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Barberi
- CAPE-Lab–Computer Aided Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Víctor González-Alonso
- Superunit–CO2 Innovation Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (V.G.-A.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sara Spilimbergo
- Superunit–CO2 Innovation Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (V.G.-A.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Massimiliano Barolo
- CAPE-Lab–Computer Aided Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandro Zambon
- Superunit–CO2 Innovation Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (V.G.-A.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Pierantonio Facco
- CAPE-Lab–Computer Aided Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Milovanovic B, Tomovic V, Djekic I, Solowiej BG, Lorenzo JM, Barba FJ, Tomasevic I. Color assessment of the eggs using computer vision system and Minolta colorimeter. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cugmas B, Štruc E. Accuracy of an Affordable Smartphone-Based Teledermoscopy System for Color Measurements in Canine Skin. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6234. [PMID: 33142901 PMCID: PMC7662536 DOI: 10.3390/s20216234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quality smartphone cameras and affordable dermatoscopes have enabled teledermoscopy to become a popular medical and veterinary tool for analyzing skin lesions such as melanoma and erythema. However, smartphones acquire images in an unknown RGB color space, which prevents a standardized colorimetric skin analysis. In this work, we supplemented a typical veterinary teledermoscopy system with a conventional color calibration procedure, and we studied two mid-priced smartphones in evaluating native and erythematous canine skin color. In a laboratory setting with the ColorChecker, the teledermoscopy system reached CIELAB-based color differences ΔE of 1.8-6.6 (CIE76) and 1.1-4.5 (CIE94). Intra- and inter-smartphone variability resulted in the color differences (CIE76) of 0.1, and 2.0-3.9, depending on the selected color range. Preliminary clinical measurements showed that canine skin is less red and yellow (lower a* and b* for ΔE of 10.7) than standard Caucasian human skin. Estimating the severity of skin erythema with an erythema index led to errors between 0.5-3%. After constructing a color calibration model for each smartphone, we expedited clinical measurements without losing colorimetric accuracy by introducing a simple image normalization on a white standard. To conclude, the calibrated teledermoscopy system is fast and accurate enough for various colorimetric applications in veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Cugmas
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Rainis Blvd., LV-1586 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Eva Štruc
- Vetamplify SIA, Veterinary Services, 57/59–32 Krišjāņa Valdemāra Str., LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia;
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Sabbione AC, Suárez S, Añón MC, Scilingo A. Amaranth functional cookies exert potential antithrombotic and antihypertensive activities. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Sabbione
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas) Calle 47 y 116 – 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Santiago Suárez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas) Calle 47 y 116 – 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - María Cristina Añón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas) Calle 47 y 116 – 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Adriana Scilingo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas) Calle 47 y 116 – 1900 La Plata Argentina
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Segura LI, Salvadori VO, Goñi SM. Characterisation of liquid food colour from digital images. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1299758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Olga Salvadori
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Univ. Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Univ. Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandro Mauricio Goñi
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Univ. Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Univ. Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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