The bioactive efficiency of ultrasonic extracts from acorn leaves and green walnut husks against Bacillus cereus: a hybrid approach to PCA with the Taguchi method

Assessment of Genomic and Metabolic Characteristics of Cholesterol-Reducing and GABA Producer Limosilactobacillus fermentum AGA52 Isolated from Lactic Acid Fermented Shalgam Based on "In Silico" and "In Vitro" Approaches

This study aimed to characterize the genomic and metabolic properties of a novel Lb. fermentum strain AGA52 which was isolated from a lactic acid fermented beverage called "shalgam." The genome size of AGA52 was 2,001,184 bp, which is predicted to carry 2024 genes, including 50 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, 3 ncRNAs, 15 CRISPR repeats, 14 CRISPR spacers, and 1 CRISPR array. The genome has a GC content of 51.82% including 95 predicted pseudogenes, 56 complete or partial transposases, and 2 intact prophages. The similarity of the clusters of orthologous groups (COG) was analyzed by comparison with the other Lb. fermentum strains. The detected resistome on the genome of AGA52 was found to be intrinsic originated. Besides, it has been determined that AGA52 has an obligate heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism due to the absence of the 1-phosphofructokinase (pfK) enzyme. Furthermore, the strain is found to have a better antioxidant capacity and to be tolerant to gastrointestinal simulated conditions. It was also observed that the AGA52 has antimicrobial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC9610, Bacillus cereus ATCC33019, Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:h7 ATCC43897, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC8427. Additionally, AGA52 exhibited 42.74 ± 4.82% adherence to HT29 cells. Cholesterol assimilation (33.9 ± 0.005%) and GABA production capacities were also confirmed by "in silico" and "in vitro." Overall, the investigation of genomic and metabolic features of the AGA52 revealed that is a potential psychobiotic and probiotic dietary supplement candidate and can bring functional benefits to the host.

An integrated approach of homogenization-ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by high-speed countercurrent chromatography for rapidly preparative separation naphthoquinones and diarylheptanes from Juglands mandshurica Maxim. exocarp

This research investigated the effectiveness of an integrated method for the extraction and separation of naphthoquinones and diarylheptanes from exocarp of Juglands mandshurica Maxim. (namely, green walnut husks). The target compounds were obtained by ultra-turrax homogenization (UTH) coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technology followed by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The UTH-UAE extraction method achieved higher efficiency with 2.49- and 2.36-fold to those by UAE, and 1.39- and 1.34-fold to those by UTH in a short time. HSCCC was adopted for further separation and purification; six target compounds, namely, regiolone (RE), juglone (JU), myricatomento-genin (MG), galleon (GA), 2-oxatrycyclo[13.2.2.13,7]eicosa-3,5,7(20),15,17,18-hexaen-10-16-diol (OE), and juglanin A (JA), were separated with more than 95.37% purities and more than 84.71% final recovery rates, respectively. In this study, the integrated strategy of extraction and separation could get high purity compounds quickly, which would provide time and solvent saved method for the natural products separation from plants.