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Abd El-Hack ME, de Oliveira MC, Attia YA, Kamal M, Almohmadi NH, Youssef IM, Khalifa NE, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Taha AE. The efficacy of polyphenols as an antioxidant agent: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126525. [PMID: 37633567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Global production of the two major poultry products, meat and eggs, has increased quickly. This, in turn, indicates both the relatively low cost and the customers' desire for these secure and high-quality products. Natural feed additives have become increasingly popular to preserve and enhance the health and productivity of poultry and livestock. We consume a lot of polyphenols, which are a kind of micronutrient. These are phytochemicals with positive effects on cardiovascular, cognitive, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, anti-tumor, anti-pathogen, a catalyst for growth, and immunomodulating functions, among extra health advantages. Furthermore, high quantities of polyphenols have unknown and occasionally unfavorable impacts on the digestive tract health, nutrient assimilation, the activity of digestive enzymes, vitamin and mineral assimilation, the performance of the laying hens, and the quality of the eggs. This review clarifies the numerous sources, categories, biological functions, potential limitations on usage, and effects of polyphenols on poultry performance, egg composition, exterior and interior quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | | | - Youssef A Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damnahur University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt
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Machado M, Espírito Santo L, Machado S, Lobo JC, Costa ASG, Oliveira MBPP, Ferreira H, Alves RC. Bioactive Potential and Chemical Composition of Coffee By-Products: From Pulp to Silverskin. Foods 2023; 12:2354. [PMID: 37372564 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing the coffee cherry into roasted beans generates a large amount of by-products, which can negatively impact the environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the bioactive potential and chemical composition of different coffee by-products (pulp, husk, parchment, silverskin, defective beans, and green coffee sieving residue) having in mind their bioactive potential for health and well-being. The coffee by-products showed a distinct nutritional composition. The content of ash, protein, fat, and total dietary fiber was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in coffee pulp (10.72% dw), silverskin (16.31% dw), defective beans (8.47% dw), and parchment (94.19% dw), respectively. Defective beans and the sieve residue exhibited a higher content of total phenolics (6.54 and 5.11 g chlorogenic acid eq./100 g dw, respectively) as well as higher DPPH• scavenging activity (3.11 and 2.85 g Trolox eq./100 g, respectively) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (17.68 and 17.56 g ferrous sulfate eq./100 g dw, respectively). All the coffee by-products considered in this study are sources of caffeine and chlorogenic acids, in particular 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5.36-3787.58 mg/100 g dw, for parchment and defective beans, respectively). Thus, they can be recycled as functional ingredients for food, cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical industries, contributing to the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the coffee industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Machado
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Espírito Santo
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Machado
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Lobo
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela S G Costa
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz P P Oliveira
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (REQUIMTE/UCIBIO/i4HB), Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita C Alves
- Network of Chemistry and Technology/Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Hu S, Gil-Ramírez A, Martín-Trueba M, Benítez V, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Valorization of coffee pulp as bioactive food ingredient by sustainable extraction methodologies. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100475. [PMID: 36935849 PMCID: PMC10017359 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp is an underutilized by-product of coffee industrial production rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, caffeine, and dietary fiber. The widely known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective health-promoting properties attributed to mentioned compounds enhance the use of coffee pulp as a bioactive food ingredient. Furthermore, the application of green sustainable extraction techniques pursuing highly efficient and selective extraction processes promotes this by-product exploitation in food science. Hence, this review gathers the available information relative to the impact of the extraction processes on the bioactive compound's recovery from coffee pulp, providing an overview of the most recent advances. An in-depth comparison workout between conventional and alternative extraction methods was performed to identify the most suitable techniques for coffee pulp valorization as functional ingredient until date. A critical discussion focused on advantages and drawbacks of the extraction methods applied to coffee pulp was included together a prospective of emerging extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Martín-Trueba
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Benítez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Martín-Cabrejas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Abd El-Hack ME, Salem HM, Khafaga AF, Soliman SM, El-Saadony MT. Impacts of polyphenols on laying hens' productivity and egg quality: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:928-947. [PMID: 35913074 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in the world's output of main poultry products (meat and eggs). This reflects customer desire for these high-quality and safe products and the comparatively low price. Recently, natural feed additives, plants and products have been increasingly popular in the poultry and livestock industries to maintain and improve their health and production. Polyphenols are a type of micronutrient that is plentiful in our diet. They are phytochemicals that have health benefits, notably cardiovascular, cognitive function, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antistress, anti-tumour, anti-pathogen, detoxification, growth-promoting and immunomodulating activities. On the other hand, excessive polyphenol levels have an unclear and sometimes negative impact on gastrointestinal tract health, nutrient digestion, digestive enzyme activity, vitamin, mineral absorption, laying hens performance and egg quality. As a result, this review illuminated polyphenols' various sources, classifications, biological activities, potential usage restrictions and effects on poultry, layer productivity and egg external and internal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Antioxidation and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Ability of Coffee Pulp Extract by Ethanol. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8649618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Following petroleum, coffee is the second most commonly traded commodity globally. It is also a popular good with economic value, as well as value in terms of leisure and culture. However, coffee processing generates a large amount of waste, resulting in environmental concerns. Therefore, in this study, ethanol was used to extract coffee waste (coffee pulp). High-performance liquid chromatography was conducted to examine the caffeine content and chlorogenic acid content, and the antioxidant capacity (i.e., the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity) and the tyrosinase inhibition capacity of the coffee pulp extracted using ethanol were comprehensively evaluated. Results. The results showed that the coffee pulp extract obtained using 70% ethanol had the highest tyrosinase inhibition capacity, whereas that obtained using 50% ethanol had the most satisfactory antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity). Conclusion. The results revealed that coffee pulp has superior antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition capacity when extracted by ethanol. Increasing the economic value of coffee pulp can solve the environmental concerns caused by coffee waste.
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Khalil Alyahya H, Subash-Babu P, Mohammad Salamatullah A, Hayat K, Albader N, Alkaltham MS, Ahmed MA, Arzoo S, Bourhia M. Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid and Vanillin from Coffee Peel Extract and its Effect on α-Amylase Activity, Immunoregulation, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression Levels in H 2O 2-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760242. [PMID: 34795590 PMCID: PMC8593645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyphenols and flavonoid-rich foods help in arresting reactive oxygen species development and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. Coffee peel (CP) preparations are consumed as beverages, and their total polyphenol or flavonoid content and their effect on oxidative stress-induced human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are poorly understood. Method: We prepared hot water extracts of CP (CPE) and quantified the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid using HPLC analysis. In addition, CPE have been studied for their α-amylase inhibitory effect and beneficial effects in oxidative stress-induced hMSCs. Results: The obtained results show that the availability of chlorogenic acid, vanillin, and salicylic acid levels in CPE is more favorable for enhancing cell growth, nuclear integrity, and mitochondrial efficiency which is confirmed by propidium iodide staining and JC-1 staining. CPE treatment to hMSCs for 48 h reduced oxidative stress by decreasing mRNA expression levels of LPO and NOX-4 and in increasing antioxidant CYP1A, GSH, GSK-3β, and GPX mRNA expressions. Decreased pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, NF-κβ, IL-1β, TLR-4) and increased tumor suppressor genes (except Bcl-2) such as Cdkn2A, p53 expressions have been observed. Conclusions: The availability of CGA in CPs effectively reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Khalil Alyahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Albader
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Asif Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Arzoo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Environment, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Effect of Microwave Roasting and Extraction Solvents on the Bioactive Properties of Coffee Beans. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4908033. [PMID: 34594390 PMCID: PMC8478573 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4908033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is an intricate mixture of thousands of chemical compounds that are accountable for its flavor and aroma. Roasting is a key step in the processing of coffee beans. This study assessed the effect of microwave roasting (MW) and extraction solvents (ES) on the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of coffee beans. The untreated and microwave-roasted (MR) coffee beans showed a total polyphenol content of 40.40 and 35.15 mg GAE/gm DW, respectively, when methanol was used as the solvent for extraction. Similarly, for the untreated coffee beans, the methanol extracted coffee had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total flavonoid content (39.34 mg CE/g DW) as compared to ethanol (34.82 mg CE/g DW). The obtained IC50 for the untreated and microwave-roasted samples as extracted by methanol were 4.13 and 5.68 mg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 values of untreated and microwave-roasted samples extracted by ethanol were 4.59 and 6.24 mg/mL, respectively. Untreated coffee beans exhibited a higher reducing power (1.237) than that of the microwave-roasted ones (0.839) when extracted with methanol. Chlorogenic acid was the major (2.31–2.68%) phenolic compound found in all the coffee samples whether it was untreated or microwave-roasted. Vanillin demonstrated the lowest (0.118–0.166%) phenolic compound found in the coffee bean samples. These results might be helpful for obtaining the maximum health benefits from coffee.
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Seow LJ, Shamlan S, Seow EK. Influence of roasting degrees on the antioxidant and anti-angiogenic effects of Coffea liberica. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Saeed Alkaltham M, Musa Özcan M, Uslu N, Salamatullah AM, Hayat K. Effect of microwave and oven roasting methods on total phenol, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and fatty acid compositions of coffee beans. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Selçuk Konya Turkey
| | - Nurhan Uslu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Selçuk Konya Turkey
| | - Ahmad Mohammed Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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de Abreu Pinheiro F, Ferreira Elias L, de Jesus Filho M, Uliana Modolo M, Gomes Rocha JDC, Fumiere Lemos M, Scherer R, Soares Cardoso W. Arabica and Conilon coffee flowers: Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity under different processes. Food Chem 2020; 336:127701. [PMID: 32781354 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents innovative research for comparison of the effect of the different dehydration techniques and methods of extraction on the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of Conilon and Arabica coffee flowers. The compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the antioxidant capacity evaluated by the 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assays. Among the compounds evaluated, trigonelline, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine were identified, with trigonelline and caffeine being those with the highest concentration. The investigated factors significantly influenced the profile of the bioactive compounds identified, and the antioxidant capacity. The 92 °C infusion of freeze-dried Conilon coffee flowers, in general, showed greater antioxidant capacity by ABTS and DPPH assays, as well as total phenolic content. Lyophilization had a positive influence on maintaining the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the samples. Coffee flowers proved to be a potential raw material for making tea-like drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luzia Ferreira Elias
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Milton de Jesus Filho
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Uliana Modolo
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara Fumiere Lemos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Wilton Soares Cardoso
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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