Food Intolerance 1 Year After Banded Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass

Long-term Comparative Evaluation of Weight Loss and Complications of Banded and Non-banded Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

PURPOSE

The use of a nonadjustable silicone band around the gastric pouch of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to reduce the recurrence of obesity is still being debated in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate banded and non-banded RYGB regarding % total weight loss (%TWL) and complications up to 10 years postoperatively and regarding the removal rate of the silicone band.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A retrospective study of the medical records of all patients submitted to banded and non-banded RYGB between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. Clinical data (age, gender, weight, body mass index-BMI, comorbidities, %TWL, and the prevalence of vomiting) and laboratory data (hemoglobin, serum iron, albumin, and vitamin B12) were obtained preoperatively and at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years for both groups and at 12, 15, and 20 years after banded RYGB.

RESULTS

In total, 858 patients underwent RYGB: 409 underwent banded RYGB and 449 underwent non-banded RYGB. In the preoperative period, banded RYGB patients were heavier and had higher rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia. The %TWL was higher in the banded RYGB group up to 7 years. The prevalence of vomiting is much higher in this group, which also had lower laboratory test values. Of the banded RYGB patients, 9.53% had to have the silicone ring removed after presenting complications.

CONCLUSION

Banded RYGB promotes significantly higher rates of TWL at the expense of a higher frequency of food intolerance and vomiting.

Factors Involved in the Evolution of the Basal Metabolic Rate over 30 Months After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

INTRODUCTION

After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the basal metabolic rate (BMR) falls. However, it is important to know how BMR per kilogram of body weight (BMR/kg) varies in the postoperative period. The present study evaluated the changes in the BMR/kg and its correlates over 30 months after RYGB.

METHODS

Eighty adult patients of both genders who underwent RYGB agreed to participate in the study. The following evaluations were performed before surgery (n=48) and 6 (n=27), 12 (n=28), 24 (n=40), and 30 months (n=29) after surgery: anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance), metabolic analysis (indirect calorimetry), and diet (food recall). Statistical analysis was performed (p = 0.05).

RESULTS

Although BMR decreased after surgery, BMR/kg increased significantly as compared to baseline from 12 months onward, peaking at 24 months and not significantly dipping at 30 months, suggesting stabilization of BMR/kg 2 years after surgery (pre, 10.68 ± 2.33 kcal/kg; 12 months, 12.46 ± 2.85 kcal/kg; 24 months, 18.78 ± 4.81 kcal/kg; 30 months, 18.12 ± 3.69 kcal/kg; p <0.001). Regarding the variables that influenced the BMR/kg, at 12 months, they were %LBM and intake of calcium-source foods (34%); at 24 months, it was protein intake (16%); and at 30 months, it was the intake of calcium-source foods (26.7%).

CONCLUSION

RYGB is associated with a significant increase in BMR when it is adjusted to body weight from 12 to 24 months postoperatively. Among the factors involved in the increase in BMR/kg are body composition and intake of protein-rich foods.

Nutritional and Lifestyle Behaviors Reported Following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Based on a Multicenter Study

This study aimed to describe nutritional and lifestyle parameters following one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). A multicenter study among OAGB patients across Israel (n = 277) and Portugal (n = 111) was performed. Patients were approached according to the time elapsed since surgery. An online survey with information regarding demographics, anthropometrics, and nutritional and lifestyle aspects was administered in both countries simultaneously. Respondents from Israel (pre-surgery age of 41.6 ± 11.0 years, 75.8% females) and Portugal (pre-surgery age of 45.6 ± 12.3 years, 79.3% females) reported changes in their appetite (≤94.0% and ≤94.6%), changes in their taste (≤51.0 and ≤51.4%), and intolerance to specific foods (i.e., red meat, pasta, bread, and rice). Bariatric surgery-related eating recommendations were generally followed well, but a trend toward lower adherence was evident in groups with longer time elapsed since surgery in both countries. Most respondents from Israel and Portugal reported participation in follow-up meetings with a surgeon (≤94.0% and 100%) and a dietitian (≤92.6% and ≤100%), while far fewer reported participation in any follow-up meeting with a psychologist/social worker (≤37.9% and ≤56.1%). Patients following OAGB might experience changes in appetite, taste, and intolerance to specific foods. Adherence to bariatric surgery-related eating recommendations is not always satisfying, especially in the longer term post-surgery.

Evaluation of Dietary Assessment Tools Used in Bariatric Population

Severe obesity is associated with major health issues and bariatric surgery is still the only treatment to offer significant and durable weight loss. Assessment of dietary intakes is an important component of the bariatric surgery process. Objective: To document the dietary assessment tools that have been used with patients targeted for bariatric surgery and patients who had bariatric surgery and explore the extent to which these tools have been validated. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify studies that used a dietary assessment tool with patients targeted for bariatric surgery or who had bariatric surgery. Results: 108 studies were included. Among all studies included, 27 used a dietary assessment tool that had been validated either as part of the study per se (n = 11) or in a previous study (n = 16). Every tool validated per se in the cited studies was validated among a bariatric population, while none of the tools validated in previous studies were validated in this population. Conclusion: Few studies in bariatric populations used a dietary assessment tool that had been validated in this population. Additional studies are needed to develop valid and robust dietary assessment tools to improve the quality of nutritional studies among bariatric patients.

Nutritional guidance, monitoring, and supplementation before and after bariatric surgery - Are we doing this correctly?

Introduction

Background and aims: minimizing nutritional depletions after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may improve clinical results in the treatment of obesity. We evaluated nutritional aspects of obese women undergoing RYGB at a reference university hospital with a department specialized in bariatric surgery. Method: based on the Dietary Reference Intakes developed by the Food and Nutrition Council, Institute of Medicine, and the guidelines issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, we assessed the quantitative and qualitative adequacy of nutritional intake, supplementation, and biochemical monitoring of 20 women both before and 3 and 12 months after a RYGB. Data on nutritional intake was obtained by applying different food surveys, quantitatively interpreted by the Virtual Nutri Plus® software and using reference nutritional databases. Results: nutritional intake deficits were already found before the RYGB (p ≤ 0.05). These worsened postoperatively (p ≤ 0.05), a period also marked by a qualitatively poor diet. The nutritional supplementation prescribed did not fully achieve the reference recommendations, and was poorly complied with by patients. Furthermore, nutritional monitoring was not carried out in all patients, recommended biochemical markers were not screened, and vitamin D depletions occurred. Conclusion: our data suggest that institutions specialized in bariatric patient care may not be adequately adhering to well known guidelines, or applying efficient strategies to improve compliance.

5-Year Results of Banded One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: a Pilot Study in Super-Obese Patients

BACKGROUND

The novel banded one-anastomosis gastric bypass (B-OAGB) procedure has not previously been reported in super-obese patients over the long term. In this pilot study, outcomes in patients with a mean baseline body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) of ≥ 50 who underwent B-OAGB were evaluated through 5-year follow-up.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Total weight loss (TWL), excess weight loss (EWL), BMI evolution, and changes in type 2 diabetes biomarkers were analyzed prospectively in super-obese patients who underwent B-OAGB. Paired samples t tests were used to assess weight outcome change from baseline through 5-year follow-up and 95% CIs were calculated. The Bariatric Outcomes and Reporting System (BAROS) was used to assess surgical success at 3 time points.

RESULTS

Between October 2013 and February 2014, a 12-patient pilot cohort (mean baseline BMI 57.5 ± 6.3) underwent B-OAGB. No perioperative complications were observed within 30 days. Five-year mean BMI was 31.2 ± 5.4, a BMI loss of 25.9 (TWL 45.3 ± 7.5%; EWL 72.2 ± 12.8%). Between 11 and 24 months following surgery, 3 patients required band removal; each had one complication (1 stasis esophagitis and recurrent vomiting; 1 hypoalbuminemia; 1 anemia). There was no mortality. Long-term B-OAGB BAROS subscale and composite scores were comparable to other major bariatric procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

In a pilot study of super-obese patients who underwent B-OAGB, excellent durable BMI loss of 25.9 kg/m² (EWL 72.2%) at 5 years was achieved with an acceptable level of reoperation. More B-OAGB long-term follow-up studies are necessary to provide definitive conclusions regarding this combination bariatric procedure.

Banded versus nonbanded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND

Bariatric surgery is remarkably effective in achieving weight loss and improving obesity-related co-morbidities; however, efforts still continue to improve its long-term outcomes. Particularly, banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been scrutinized in comparison to standard (nonbanded) RYGB in terms of benefits and postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of banded versus nonbanded RYGB.

SETTING

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS

A meta-analysis of high-quality studies that compared banded and nonbanded RYGB was conducted through February 2019 by systematically searching multiple electronic databases. Published RCTs comparing these 2 procedures were included to pool the data on excess weight loss, food tolerability, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS

Three RCTs were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis, comprising a total of 494 patients (247 in each group). Two of the RCTs provided 2-year postoperative data, and 1 study reported 5-year outcome. Age ranged from 21 to 50 years, and body mass index ranged from 42 to 65 kg/m². Percentage of excess weight loss was significantly greater with banded RYGB than with nonbanded RYGB (mean difference 5.63%; 95% CI 3.26-8.00; P < .05). Postoperative food intolerance, emesis, and dysphagia were more common after banded RYGB (odds ratio 3.76; 95% CI 2.27-6.24; P < .001). Nevertheless, major postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSION

Findings of this meta-analysis of RCTs indicate that in a medium-term follow-up, excess weight loss with banded RYGB would be 5% greater than that with the nonbanded RYGB (about 1 point difference in body mass index) at the expense of more food intolerance and postoperative vomiting; however, the frequency of postoperative complications would not be significantly different.

EARLY WEIGHT LOSS OUTCOMES AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM PARAMETERS AFTER BANDED VERSUS NON-BANDED ONE ANASTOMOSIS GASTRIC BYPASS: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL

BACKGROUND

The influence of the placement of a band on the outcomes of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has not been appropriately studied yet.

OBJECTIVE

To compare early weight loss and glucose metabolism parameters following banded versus non-banded OAGB.

METHODS

A prospective randomized study, which evaluated 20 morbidly obese individuals who underwent banded and non-banded OAGB and were followed-up for three months. Weight loss (percentage of excess weight loss - %EWL and percentage of body mass index loss - %BMIL) and glucose metabolism outcomes (glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment - HOMA) were compared.

RESULTS

The banded group presented a significantly higher %EWL at one month (29.6±5.5% vs 17.2±3.4%; P<0.0001) and two months post-surgery (46±7% vs 34.2±9%; P=0.004544), as well as a significantly higher %BMIL at one month (9.7±1.1% vs 5.8±0.8%; P<0.0001), two months (15±1.4% vs 11.5±2.1; P=0.000248), and three months (18.8±1.8% vs 15.7±3.2%; P=0.016637). At three months, banded OAGB led to significant decreases of insulin (14.4±4.3 vs 7.6±1.9; P=0.00044) and HOMA (3.1±1.1 vs 1.5±0.4; P=0.00044), whereas non-banded OAGB also led to significant decreases of insulin (14.8±7.6 vs 7.8±3.1; P=0.006) and HOMA (3.2±1.9 vs 1.6±0.8; P=0.0041). The percent variation of HOMA did not significantly differ between banded and non-banded OAGB (P=0.62414); overall, the percent variation of HOMA was not correlated with %EWL (P=0.96988) or %BMIL (P=0.82299).

CONCLUSION

Banded OAGB led to a higher early weight loss than the standard technique. Banded and non-banded OAGB led to improvements in insulin resistance regardless of weight loss.