Synthesis of new pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines with antifungal and antibiofilm activities

Bioactive Fused Pyrazoles Inspired by the Adaptability of 5-Aminopyrazole Derivatives: Recent Review

Heterocyclic compounds, especially those containing the pyrazole moiety, are highly significant in organic chemistry and possess remarkable and diverse biological properties. The 5-aminopyrazole derivatives are key starting materials for the synthesis of numerous bioactive compounds such as pyrazolopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine, pyrazoloquinazoline, and pyrazolotriazine derivatives. Many compounds inspired by the 5-aminopyrazole derivatives possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and medicinal applications such as antioxidants, anticancer agents, enzyme inhibitors, antimicrobials, and anti-tuberculosis activities. This review summarizes the recently reported synthesis methods and biological activities of fused pyrazole and pyrazole-based derivatives based on 5-aminopyrazole compounds within the last 5 years (2020 to present). One of the important goals of this review is to illustrate future strategies for the design, development, and utilization of pyrazole products as potent drugs.

Preparation of 3-Substituted Isoindolin-1-one, Cinnoline, and 1,2,4-[e]-Benzotriazine Derivatives

Herein, we report a new approach to synthesize a series of 1,2,4-[e]-benzotriazine and cinnoline derivatives from 3-substituted isoindolin-1-one. All the reported products are obtained through an economical two-step synthetic procedure resulting in fair-to-high yields. Cinnolines (a) and 1,2,4-[e]-benzotriazines (b) result from an intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding 3-substituted isoindolin-1-ones, which, in turn, are prepared by an addition reaction from 2-cyanobenzaldehyde and 2-(2-nitrophenyl) acetonitrile (a) or 2-nitroaniline derivatives (b). A proposed mechanism for this transformation is presented.

Promising Drug Candidates and New Strategies for Fighting against the Emerging Superbug Candida auris

Invasive fungal infections represent an expanding threat to public health. During the past decade, a paradigm shift of candidiasis from Candida albicans to non-albicans Candida species has fundamentally increased with the advent of Candida auris. C. auris was identified in 2009 and is now recognized as an emerging species of concern and underscores the urgent need for novel drug development strategies. In this review, we discuss the genomic epidemiology and the main virulence factors of C. auris. We also focus on the different new strategies and results obtained during the past decade in the field of antifungal design against this emerging C. auris pathogen yeast, based on a medicinal chemist point of view. Critical analyses of chemical features and physicochemical descriptors will be carried out along with the description of reported strategies.

Pyrazole-based analogs as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR elucidation

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming lethal to humanity due to easy transmission and difficult-to-treat skin and flimsy diseases. The most threatening aspect is the rapid resistance development of MRSA to any approved antibiotics, including vancomycin. The development of new, efficient, and nontoxic drug candidate to fight against MRSA isolates is the need of the hour. The intriguing molecular structure and versatile bioactive pyrazole core attracting to development required novel antibiotics. This review presents the decade developments of pyrazole-containing derivatives with a broad antibacterial movement against diverged bacterial strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally diversified pyrazole analogs against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR). The current survey highlights pyrazole hybrids' present scenario on MRSA studies, covering articles published from 2011 to 2020. This collective information may become an excellent platform to plan and develop new pyrazole-based small MRSA growth inhibitors with minimal side effects.