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Fan X, Zhang P, Fan M, Jiang P, Leng Y. Effect of Glutaraldehyde Multipoint Covalent Treatments on Immobilized Lipase for Hydrolysis of Acidified Oil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6942-6958. [PMID: 36951940 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized lipase is a green and sustainable catalyst for hydrolysis of acidified oil. Glutaraldehyde is widely used for lipase immobilization while the appropriate strategy optimizes the catalytic performance of lipase. In this research, lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was immobilized on spherical silica (SiO2) by glutaraldehyde multipoint covalent treatments, including covalent binding method and adsorption-crosslinking method. The enzymatic stability properties and performance in hydrolysis of refined oil and acidified oil were studied. We confirmed that the residual activity decreased while the stability increased because of the influence on secondary structure of lipase after multipoint covalent treatments. In the comparison of different immobilization strategies in multipoint covalent treatment, SiO2-CRL (covalent binding method) showed lower loading capacity than SiO2-CRL (adsorption-crosslinking method), resulting in low activity. However, SiO2-CRL (covalent binding method) showed better reusability and stability. Immobilized lipase via covalent binding method was more potential in the application of catalytic hydrolysis of acidified oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingming Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Leng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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2
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Fan X, Zhang P, Fan M, Jiang P, Leng Y. Immobilized lipase for sustainable hydrolysis of acidified oil to produce fatty acid. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02891-4. [PMID: 37329348 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acidified oil is obtained from by-product of crops oil refining industry, which is considered as a low-cost material for fatty acid production. Hydrolysis of acidified oil by lipase catalysis for producing fatty acid is a sustainable and efficient bioprocess that is an alternative of continuous countercurrent hydrolysis. In this study, lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 via covalent binding strategy for highly efficient hydrolysis of acidified soybean oil. FTIR, XRD, SEM and VSM were used to characterize the immobilized lipase (Fe3O4@SiO2-CRL). The enzyme properties of the Fe3O4@SiO2-CRL were determined. Fe3O4@SiO2-CRL was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of acidified soybean oil to produce fatty acids. Catalytic reaction conditions were studied, including amount of catalyst, reaction time, and water/oil ratio. The results of optimization indicated that the hydrolysis rate reached 98% under 10 wt.% (oil) of catalyst, 3:1 (v/v) of water/oil ratio, and 313 K after 12 h. After 5 cycles, the hydrolysis activity of Fe3O4@SiO2-CRL remained 55%. Preparation of fatty acids from high-acid-value by-products through biosystem shows great industrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingming Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Leng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Girelli AM, Chiappini V. Renewable, sustainable, and natural lignocellulosic carriers for lipase immobilization: A review. J Biotechnol 2023; 365:29-47. [PMID: 36796453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that enzymes are molecules particularly susceptible to pH and temperature variations. Immobilization techniques may overcome this weakness besides improving the reusability of the biocatalysts. Given the strong push toward a circular economy, the use of natural lignocellulosic wastes as supports for enzyme immobilization has been increasingly attractive in recent years. This fact is mainly due to their high availability, low costs, and the possibility of reducing the environmental impact that can occur when they are improperly stored. In addition, they have physical and chemical characteristics suitable for enzyme immobilization (large surface area, high rigidity, porosity, reactive functional groups, etc.). This review aims to guide readers and provide them with the tools necessary to select the most suitable methodology for lipase immobilization on lignocellulosic wastes. The importance and the characteristics of an increasingly interesting enzyme, such as lipase, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different immobilization methods will be discussed. The various kinds of lignocellulosic wastes and the processing required to make them suitable as carriers will be also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Immobilization of lipase on spent coffee grounds by physical and covalent methods: a comparison study. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wang S, Li S, Liu R, Zhang W, Xu H, Hu Y. Immobilization of Interfacial Activated Candida rugosa Lipase Onto Magnetic Chitosan Using Dialdehyde Cellulose as Cross-Linking Agent. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:946117. [PMID: 35923578 PMCID: PMC9340543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.946117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidarugosa lipase (CRL) was activated with surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) and covalently immobilized onto a nanocomposite (Fe3O4-CS-DAC) fabricated by combining magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with chitosan (CS) using polysaccharide macromolecule dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) as the cross-linking agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction characterizations confirmed that the organic–inorganic nanocomposite support modified by DAC was successfully prepared. Enzymology experiments confirmed that high enzyme loading (60.9 mg/g) and 1.7 times specific enzyme activity could be obtained under the optimal immobilization conditions. The stability and reusability of immobilized CRL (Fe3O4-CS-DAC-SDS-CRL) were significantly improved simultaneously. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that the active conformation of immobilized CRL was maintained well. Results demonstrated that the inorganic–organic nanocomposite modified by carbohydrate polymer derivatives could be used as an ideal support for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huajin Xu
- *Correspondence: Huajin Xu, ; Yi Hu,
| | - Yi Hu
- *Correspondence: Huajin Xu, ; Yi Hu,
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Jacob AG, Wahab RA, Chandren S, Jumbri K, Wan Mahmood WMA. Physicochemical properties and operational stability of Taguchi design-optimized Candida rugosa lipase supported on biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide for ethyl valerate synthesis. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jacob AG, Wahab RA, Misson M. Operational Stability, Regenerability, and Thermodynamics Studies on Biogenic Silica/Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Activated Candida rugosa Lipase. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213854. [PMID: 34771409 PMCID: PMC8587300 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic biopolymer-based nanocomposites are useful for stabilizing lipases for enhanced catalytic performance and easy separation. Herein, we report the operational stability, regenerability, and thermodynamics studies of the ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide nanocomposite (SiO2/Fe3O4/GO) as a support for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-electron scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data on the support and biocatalyst corroborated their successful fabrication. XPS revealed the Fe3O4 adopted Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states, while XRD data of GO yielded a peak at 2θ = 11.67°, with the SiO2/Fe3O4/GO revealing a high surface area (≈261 m2/g). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra affirmed the successful fabricated supports and catalyst. The half-life and thermodynamic parameters of the superparamagnetic immobilized CRL (CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO) improved over the free CRL. The microwave-regenerated CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO (≈82%) exhibited higher catalytic activity than ultrasonic-regenerated (≈71%) ones. Lower activation (Ea) and higher deactivation energies (Ed) were also noted for the CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO (13.87 kJ/mol, 32.32 kJ/mol) than free CRL (15.26 kJ/mol, 27.60 kJ/mol). A peak at 4.28 min in the gas chromatograph-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of the purified ethyl valerate supported the unique six types of 14 hydrogen atoms of the ester (CAS: 539-82-2) in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) data. The results collectively demonstrated the suitability of SiO2/Fe3O4/GO in stabilizing CRL for improved operational stability and thermodynamics and permitted biocatalyst regenerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adikwu Gowon Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal University Dutsin-Ma (FUDMA), Dutsin-Ma P.M.B. 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (R.A.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Mailin Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (R.A.W.); (M.M.)
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Ternary biogenic silica/magnetite/graphene oxide composite for the hyperactivation of Candida rugosa lipase in the esterification production of ethyl valerate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109807. [PMID: 34116744 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm leaves (OPL) silica (SiO2) can replace the energy-intensive, commercially produced SiO2. Moreover, the agronomically sourced biogenic SiO2 is more biocompatible and cost-effective enzyme support, which properties could be improved by the addition of magnetite (Fe3O4) and graphene oxide (GO) to yield better ternary support to immobilize enzymes, i.e., Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). This study aimed to optimize the Candida rugosa lipase (CRL immobilization onto the ternary OPL-silica-magnetite (Fe3O4)-GO (SiO2/Fe3O4/GO) support, for use as biocatalyst for ethyl valerate (EV) production. Notably, this is the first study detailing the CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO biocatalyst preparation for rapid and high yield production of ethyl valerate (EV). AFM and FESEM micrographs revealed globules of CRL covalently bound to GL-A-SiO2/Fe3O4/GO; similar to Raman and UV-spectroscopy results. FTIR spectra revealed amide bonds at 3478 cm-1 and 1640 cm-1 from covalent interactions between CRL and GL-A-SiO2/Fe3O4/GO. Optimum immobilization conditions were 4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 8 mg/mL CRL, at 16 h stirring in 150 mM NaCl at 30 °C, offering 24.78 ± 0.26 mg/g protein (specific activity = 65.24 ± 0.88 U/g). The CRL/SiO2/Fe3O4/GO yielded 77.43 ± 1.04 % of EV compared to free CRL (48.75 ± 0.70 %), verifying the suitability of SiO2/Fe3O4/GO to hyperactivate and stabilize CRL for satisfactory EV production.
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Structure and properties of lipase activated by cellulose-silica polyethersulfone membrane for production of pentyl valerate. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Wahab RA, Elias N, Abdullah F, Ghoshal SK. On the taught new tricks of enzymes immobilization: An all-inclusive overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Onoja E, Wahab RA. Robust Magnetized Oil Palm Leaves Ash Nanosilica Composite as Lipase Support: Immobilization Protocol and Efficacy Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:585-599. [PMID: 32495234 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to immobilize the individual enzymes are crucial for enhancing catalytic applicability and require a controlled immobilization process. Herein, protocol for immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) onto modified magnetic silica derived from oil palm leaves ash (OPLA) was optimized for the effects of concentration of CRL, immobilization time, and temperature, monitored by titrimetric and spectrometric methods. XRD and TGA-DTG spectrometric observations indicated that OPLA-silica was well coated over magnetite (SiO2-MNPs) and CRLs were uniformly bound by covalent bonds to SiO2-MNPs (CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs). The optimized immobilization protocol showed that in the preparation of CRL/Gl-A-SiO2-MNPs, CRL with 68.3 mg/g protein loading and 74.6 U/g specific activity was achieved using 5 mg/mL of CRL, with an immobilization time of 12 h at 25 °C. The present work also demonstrated that acid-pretreated OPLA is a potential source of renewable silica, envisioning its applicability for practical use in enzymatic catalysis on solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Onoja
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1012, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. .,Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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