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Mo Y, Shen Y. Electrochemical detection of heavy metals in rice, milk and tap water using free-standing carbon felt electrodes. Food Chem 2024; 460:140450. [PMID: 39089017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a carbon felt (CF) was utilized to fabricate electrochemical sensors for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+. The working conditions of CF sensors including thermal activation, electrolytes, and enrichment potentials and times were systematically investigated. Under the optimal detection conditions, the resulting sensors showed good linearity in the concentration ranges of 3-10,000, 2-10,000 and 5-10,000 μg/L for the detection of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+, corresponding to the detection limits of 1, 0.5, and 1 μg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the resulting electrochemical sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility and anti-interference. In addition, the CF electrodes maintain good stability even after 180 days of storage at room temperature. In real water, rice and milk samples, the CF electrodes have been successfully utilized for the detection of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ and the results were in agreement with those obtained from the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Mo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
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Iordache AM, Voica C, Roba C, Nechita C. Evaluation of potential human health risks associated with Li and their relationship with Na, K, Mg, and Ca in Romania's nationwide drinking water. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1456640. [PMID: 39377005 PMCID: PMC11456539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1456640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing lithium (Li) demand worldwide due to its properties and role in renewable energy will raise water reservoir pollution and side effects on human health. Divergent results regarding Li concentration in water and affective disorders are found in the literature, which is why regional reports are expected. Objective The present study evaluated the occurrence and human health risks resulting from oral exposure, respectively, and the relationship between alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) and minerals (Mg, Ca) in balanced purified water (bottled) and spring water. Methods The ICP-MS technique was used to measure a national database with 53 bottled and 42 spring water samples randomly selected. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and HCA analysis were applied to assess the possible relationship between metals in water. The possible side effects of Li poisoning of water resources on human health have been evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake Index (EDI) and Total Hazard Quotient (THQ). Results The toxic metals (As, Hg, and Pb) were measured, and the results indicate values above the detection limit of 22.3% of samples in the case of lead but not exceeding the safety limits. Depending on the water sources, such as bottled and spring water, the Li concentration varied between 0.06-1,557 and 0.09-984% μg/L. We found a strong positive correlation between Li and Na and Mg, varying between bottled and spring waters (p% <%0.001). Li exceeded the limit set by the Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL) in 41.37 and 19% of bottled and spring water samples. The oral reference doses (p-RfDs) for the noncancer assessment of daily oral exposure effects for a human lifetime exceeded threshold values. The THQ index shows potential adverse health effects, requiring further investigations and remedial actions in 27.58% of approved bottled waters and 2.38% of spring waters. Conclusion We can conclude that water is safe based on the Li concentration found in drinking water and supported by a gap in strict regulations regarding human Li ingestion. The present study can serve decision-makers and represent a starting database with metals of interest for further clinical studies. Decision-makers can also use it to find solutions for sustainable management of clean and safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Nechita
- Department of Biometry, National Research Institute in Forestry Marin Dracea – ICAS, Bucharest, Voluntari, Romania
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Xia H, Liu R, Wang H. Fabrication of two novel amino-functionalized and starch-coated CuFe 2O 4-modified magnetic biochar composites and their application in removing Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128973. [PMID: 38163509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Novel magnetic biochar composites (SFeCu@SBCO and FeCu@SBCO-NH2) were fabricated by modifying oxidized sawdust biochar (SBCO) with Fe/Cu loading, starch-coating/amination, characterized (FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM-EDS and XPS) and applied in capturing Pb2+ and Cd2+ from wastewater. Adsorption experiments revealed that SFeCu@SBCO and FeCu@SBCO-NH2 exhibited extraordinary adsorption performance toward Pb2+/Cd2+ with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 184.26/173.35 mg g-1 and 201.43/190.81 mg g-1, respectively, which were >5 times higher than those of SBC. The great increase in adsorption capacity of the two adsorbents was ascribed to the introduction of CuFe2O4 and starch/amino groups. Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption was an endothermic reaction controlled by monolayer chemisorption. Complexation and electrostatic attraction were the two predominant mechanisms. Besides, ion exchange together with physical adsorption also occurred during the adsorption. Additionally, the both adsorbents displayed favorable stability and reusability as well as desirable anti-interfering ability to other metal cations. Taken together, the both adsorbents could be utilized as reusable magnetic adsorbents with promising prospect in the effective remediation of Pb2+/Cd2+ contaminated water. The study not only contributed to the better understanding of biochar modification strategy and the application of modified biochar in heavy metals pollutants removal, but also realized resource utilization of biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yaohong Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Haixin Xia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Renrong Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Wang C, Niu Q, Liu D, Dong X, You T. Electrochemical sensor based on Bi/Bi 2O 3 doped porous carbon composite derived from Bi-MOFs for Pb 2+ sensitive detection. Talanta 2023; 258:124281. [PMID: 36940577 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to develop electrochemical sensors based on novel functional nanomaterials for heavy metal ions detection. In this work, a novel Bi/Bi2O3 co-doped porous carbon composite (Bi/Bi2O3@C) was prepared by simple carbonization of bismuth-based metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs). The micromorphology, internal structure, crystal and elemental composition, specific surface area and porous structure of the composite were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and BET. Further, a sensitive electrochemical sensor for Pb2+ detection was constructed by modifying Bi/Bi2O3@C on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) based on the square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV). The different factors affecting the analytical performance were optimized systematically, such as material modification concentration, deposition time, deposition potential, and pH value. Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 37.5 nM to 2.0 μM with a low detection limit of 6.3 nM. Meanwhile, the proposed sensor showed good stability, acceptable reproducibility, and satisfactory selectivity. The reliability of the as-proposed sensor was confirmed by the ICP-MS method for Pb2+ detection in different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Qijian Niu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiuxiu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Wang K, Lin X, Zhang M, Li Y, Luo C, Wu J. Review of Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Safety Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110959. [PMID: 36354467 PMCID: PMC9688552 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Food safety issues are directly related to people's quality of life, so there is a need to develop efficient and reliable food contaminants' detection devices to ensure the safety and quality of food. Electrochemical biosensors have the significant advantages of miniaturization, low cost, high sensitivity, high selectivity, rapid detection, and low detection limits using small amounts of samples, which are expected to enable on-site analysis of food products. In this paper, the latest electrochemical biosensors for the detection of biological contaminants, chemical contaminants, and genetically modified crops are reviewed based on the analytes of interest, electrode materials and modification methods, electrochemical methods, and detection limits. This review shows that electrochemical biosensors are poised to provide miniaturized, specific, selective, fast detection, and high-sensitivity sensor platforms for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaogang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Maoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chunfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Application study of RGB color extraction in water toxicity detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 149:108270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu J, Wang X, Yao M, Liu M. Detection model of the plasma spectrum based on the polarization recognition rate induced by a low energy density laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4768-4772. [PMID: 36255958 DOI: 10.1364/ao.460092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast recognition method for heavy-metal detection. The recognition rate of the characteristic spectrum is related to the laser-induced energy. In order to analyze the polarization characteristics of plasma and the improvement mechanism of recognition rate under the condition of low energy density, a detection model of polarization recognition rate was established by exploring the intensity formula of discrete spectral data. At the Brewster angle, the LIBS and discrete spectral data of Cd and Cu elements induced by five energies were measured in combination with the polarization spectrometric path. According to the model of polarization recognition rate, the optimization effect of the polarization separation approach on the plasma spectra of heavy-metal elements has been clarified, and the recognition rate of discrete spectra induced by low energy density has been improved. This study shows that the increase of laser energy is helpful to the recognition of characteristic spectral lines. Under the same energy induction, the polarization recognition rate of heavy-metal elements is larger, and this characteristic is more obvious under low energy density. This model not only improves the recognition rate of the plasma spectrum but also greatly reduces the requirement of laser energy and the damage of the medium surface, which is a more effective nondestructive testing technology.
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Ma Q, Zhu YT, Li YD, Zhang ZL, Huang J, Zuo Y. Quantification of heavy metals and health risk assessment in Sichuan pickle. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2229-2244. [PMID: 35446445 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sichuan pickle is one of popular traditional fermented foods in China. However, the contamination of heavy metals in Sichuan pickle, particularly home-made Sichuan pickle and aged pickle brine, is little known. Therefore, the content of trace (Cr, Cu, and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Pb, and Cd) in Sichuan industrial pickle (SIP), Sichuan home-made pickle (SHP), and aged pickle brine collected from local markets and families in Sichuan province, respectively, was detected by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) and the health risk was assessed by target hazard quotients including target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Consequently, the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd were 0.122, 0.540, 2.516, 0.023, 0.015, and 0.106 mg/kg in SIP and 0.071, 0.364, 2.698, 0.014, 0.015, and 0.289 mg/kg in SHP, respectively, lower than the maximum allowable concentrations set by Chinese regulations, except for Cr and Cd in few samples. Principal component analysis of the heavy metal content could obviously distinguish between SIP and SHP. The content of As, Pb, and Cd in leaf pickles was significantly higher than that in pickles fermented with other types of vegetables. A significant enrichment of heavy metals in aged pickle brine over 10 years was observed, but pickle jars had no significant effect on heavy metal content in aged pickle brine. The intake of heavy metals through daily consumption of SIP and SHP was at a safe level, whereas the TTHQ of leaf pickle was 1.006, indicating a potential health risk. In conclusion, this study provided fundamental data for food safety assurance of Sichuan pickle. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sichuan pickle is one of popular traditional fermented foods in China. In the present study, we investigated the contamination of heavy metals in Sichuan pickles by detecting the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in Sichuan industrial pickle, Sichuan home-made pickle, and aged pickle brine, and estimated the health risk to local residents. This study can provide a reference for the safety risk of Sichuan industrial and home-made pickle in terms of heavy metal contamination, and enhance the food safety in the processing, production, and consumption of Sichuan pickle in local families and pickle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Dan Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou-Li Zhang
- Nanchong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Qianhe Condiment and Food Co. Ltd., Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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