Synthesis, antiulcerative, and anti-inflammatory activities of new campholenic derivatives-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones, 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones, and 1,3-thiazinan-4-ones

From lab to nature: Recent advancements in the journey of gastroprotective agents from medicinal chemistry to phytotherapy

Peptic ulcer, affecting 10 % of the global population, results from imbalances in gastric juice pH and diminished mucosal defences. Key underlying factors are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection, undermining mucosal resistance. Traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists exhibit drawbacks such as adverse effects, relapses, and drug interactions. This review extensively explores the ethnomedicinal, synthetic and pharmacological facets of various potential peptic ulcer treatments. Rigorous methodologies involving electronic databases, and chemical structure verification via 'PubChem' and 'SciFinder' enhance the review's credibility. The provided information, spanning medicinal insights to intricate pharmacological mechanisms, establishes a robust groundwork for future research and the development of plant-derived or synthetic molecules for peptic ulcers, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies.

High value-added application of natural forest product α-pinene: design, synthesis and 3D-QSAR study of novel α-campholenic aldehyde-based 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-thioether compounds with significant herbicidal activity

For exploring novel natural product-derived herbicides, 16 novel α-campholenic aldehyde-based 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-thioether compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that, at 100 µg/mL, most of the target compounds displayed significant inhibition activity against root-growth of rape(Brassica campestris L.), with inhibition rates of 85.0%～98.2%(A-class activity level), much better than that of the positive control flumioxazin. In addition, an effective and reasonable 3D-QSAR model was established by CoMFA method in SYBYL-X 2.1.1 software. It was found that, the steric field was the major factor towards the herbicidal activity of the target compounds against B. campestris L., and the introduction of bulky groups into m- and p-position of the benzene ring was favourable to increase the herbicidal activity. This kind of title compounds deserved further study as potential leading compounds for the discovery and development of novel herbicidal agents.

Design, Synthesis, Molecular docking, and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents

A new series of 2,3-diaryl-1,3thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and COXs inhibitory activities. Among these derivatives, compounds 4 k and 4j exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against COX-2 at IC₅₀ values of 0.05 and 0.06 μM, respectively. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4e, 4 g, 4j, 4 k, 5b, and 6b, which exhibited the highest inhibition% against COX-2, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Results showed 41.08-82.00 % inhibition of paw edema thickness by the test compounds compared to celecoxib (inhibition% = 89.51 %). In addition, compounds 4b, 4j, 4 k, and 6b exhibited better GIT safety profiles compared to celecoxib and indomethacin. The four compounds were also evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The results revealed the highest antioxidant activity for 4j (IC₅₀ = 45.27 μM) comparable to torolox (IC₅₀ = 62.03 μM). The antiproliferative activity of the new compounds was evaluated against HePG-2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and PC-3 cancer cell lines. The results showed the highest cytotoxicity for compounds 4b, 4j, 4 k, and 6b (IC₅₀ = 2.31-27.19 μM), with 4j being the most potent. Mechanistic studies revealed the ability of 4j and 4 k by inducing marked apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HePG-2 cancer cells. These biological results may also suggest a role for COX-2 inhibition in the antiproliferative activity of these compounds. The results of the molecular docking study for 4 k and 4j into the active site of COX-2 revealed good fitting and correlation with the results of the in vitro COX‑2 inhibition assay.

Synthesis, antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, in silico studies and molecular dynamics of pyrazole-embedded thiazolidin-4-one hybrids

In the present investigation, we devolved and synthesized a new series of pyrazole-embedded thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (9a-p) with the goal to produce promising antitubercular leads. The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against replicating and nonreplicating Mtb H37Rv strains. With MIC ranging from 3.03 to 22.55 µg/ml, five compounds (9a, 9c, 9d, 9e, and 9f) emerged as promising antitubercular agents. The active molecules were nontoxic to normal Vero cells. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory studies. Compounds 9a, 9b, 9c, 9h, and 9i exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory efficacy. Docking study was performed to understand the binding pattern of the significantly active compound 9a with 1P44.

Novel TDP1 Inhibitors: Disubstituted Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones Containing Monoterpene Moieties

Tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a promising target for antitumor therapy; the use of TDP1 inhibitors with a topoisomerase 1 poison such as topotecan is a potential combination therapy. In this work, a novel series of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidine-2,4-diones was synthesized and tested against TDP1. The screening revealed some active compounds with IC₅₀ values less than 5 μM. Interestingly, compounds 20d and 21d were the most active, with IC₅₀ values in the submicromolar concentration range. None of the compounds showed cytotoxicity against HCT-116 (colon carcinoma) and MRC-5 (human lung fibroblasts) cell lines in the 1-100 μM concentration range. Finally, this class of compounds did not sensitize cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of topotecan.

Monoterpene substituted thiazolidin-4-ones as novel TDP1 inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and docking

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1(TDP1) is a promising target for a new therapy in oncological disease as an adjunct to topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) drugs. In this paper, novel thiazolidin-4-one derivatives with a benzyl and monoterpene substituents were synthesized. Compounds with a monoterpene fragment attached via a phenyloxy linker were active against TDP1 with IC₅₀ values in the 1÷3 μM range, while direct attachment of monoterpene moiety to the thiazolidin-4-one fragment had no activity. Molecular modelling predicted two plausible binding modes of the active compounds both effectively blocking access to the catalytic site of TDP. At non-toxic concentrations the active ligands potentiated the efficacy of the TOP1 poison topotecan in human cervical cancer HeLa cells, but not in non-cancerous HEK293A cells.

The Bioactivity of Thiazolidin-4-Ones: A Short Review of the Most Recent Studies

Thiazolidin-4-ones is an important heterocyclic ring system of a pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This review is focused on the latest scientific reports regarding biological activities of thiazolidin-4-ones published in 2020 and 2021. The review covers recent information about antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiviral properties of thiazolidin-4-ones. Additionally, the influence of different substituents in molecules on their biological activity was discussed in this paper. Thus, this study may help to optimize the structure of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as more efficient drug agents. Presented information may be used as a practical hint for rational design of new small molecules with biological activity, especially among thiazolidin-4-ones.