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Lai PH, Hall SL, Lan YC, Ai JR, Jaberi A, Sheikhi A, Shi R, Vogt BD, Gomez ED. Upcycling plastic waste into fully recyclable composites through cold sintering. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2718-2728. [PMID: 38506669 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have substantial societal benefits, but their widespread use has led to a critical waste management challenge. While mechanical recycling dominates the reuse of post-consumer plastics, it is limited in efficacy, especially for composites. To address this, we propose a direct reprocessing approach that enables the creation of hybrid, long-lasting, and durable composites from difficult-to-recycle plastics. This approach utilizes cold sintering, a process that consolidates inorganic powders through fractional dissolution and precipitation at temperatures far below conventional sintering; these temperatures are compatible with plastic processing. We show that this process can create inorganic-matrix composites with significant enhancements in tensile strength and toughness over pure gypsum, which is commonly found in construction waste. These composites can be recycled multiple times through direct reprocessing with the addition of only water as a processing promoter. This approach to recycling leads to composites with orders of magnitude lower energy demand, global warming potential, and water demand, when compared against common construction products. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential for cold sintering to integrate waste into high-performance recyclable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Shelby L Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yi-Chen Lan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Jia-Ruey Ai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Arian Jaberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Galotta A, Demir Ö, Marsan O, Sglavo VM, Loca D, Combes C, Locs J. Apatite/Chitosan Composites Formed by Cold Sintering for Drug Delivery and Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:441. [PMID: 38470772 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the biomedical field, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite is still one of the most attractive candidates as a bone substitute material due to its analogies with native bone mineral features regarding chemical composition, bioactivity and osteoconductivity. Ion substitution and low crystallinity are also fundamental characteristics of bone apatite, making it metastable, bioresorbable and reactive. In the present work, biomimetic apatite and apatite/chitosan composites were produced by dissolution-precipitation synthesis, using mussel shells as a calcium biogenic source. With an eye on possible bone reconstruction and drug delivery applications, apatite/chitosan composites were loaded with strontium ranelate, an antiosteoporotic drug. Due to the metastability and temperature sensitivity of the produced composites, sintering could be carried out by conventional methods, and therefore, cold sintering was selected for the densification of the materials. The composites were consolidated up to ~90% relative density by applying a uniaxial pressure up to 1.5 GPa at room temperature for 10 min. Both the synthesised powders and cold-sintered samples were characterised from a physical and chemical point of view to demonstrate the effective production of biomimetic apatite/chitosan composites from mussel shells and exclude possible structural changes after sintering. Preliminary in vitro tests were also performed, which revealed a sustained release of strontium ranelate for about 19 days and no cytotoxicity towards human osteoblastic-like cells (MG63) exposed up to 72 h to the drug-containing composite extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galotta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Öznur Demir
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Olivier Marsan
- CIRIMAT, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP 44362, CEDEX 4, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincenzo M Sglavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Dagnija Loca
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP 44362, CEDEX 4, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Janis Locs
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Riga Technical University, Pulka St. 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Ying Y, Hu L, Li Z, Zheng J, Yu J, Li W, Qiao L, Cai W, Li J, Bao D, Che S. Preparation of Densified Fine-Grain High-Frequency MnZn Ferrite Using the Cold Sintering Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093454. [PMID: 37176334 PMCID: PMC10180247 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The densified MnZn ferrite ceramics were prepared using the cold sintering process under pressure, with an acetate ethanol solution used as the transient solvent. The effects of the transient solvent, the pressure and annealing temperature on the density, and the micromorphology and magnetic properties of the sintered MnZn ferrites were studied. The densified MnZn ferrite was obtained using the cold sintering process and its relative density reached up to 85.4%. The transient solvent and high pressure are essential to the cold sintering process for MnZn ferrite. The annealing treatment is indispensable in obtaining the sample with the higher density. The relative density was further increased to 97.2% for the sample annealed at 950 °C for 6 h. The increase in the annealing temperature reduces the power loss at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ying
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Linghuo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhaocheng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingwu Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wangchang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Daxin Bao
- Hengdian Group DMEGC Magnetics Co., Ltd., Dongyang 322118, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Zhang Y, He J, Tong J, Lai H, Liang P, Huang Z, Ta S, Lin T, Yang G, Cui C. Elucidation of the capillarity-promoted sintering of silver nanoparticles produced by a spark ablation vapor source. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2023.103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Synthesis and densification of BaZrO3 ceramics by reactive cold sintering of Ba(OH)2⋅8H2O-Zr(OH)4 powders. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Microstructure Evolution in Plastic Deformed Bismuth Telluride for the Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124204. [PMID: 35744268 PMCID: PMC9230931 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators are solid-state energy-converting devices that are promising alternative energy sources. However, during the fabrication of these devices, many waste scraps that are not eco-friendly and with high material cost are produced. In this work, a simple powder processing technology is applied to prepare n-type Bi2Te3 pellets by cold pressing (high pressure at room temperature) and annealing the treatment with a canning package to recycle waste scraps. High-pressure cold pressing causes the plastic deformation of densely packed pellets. Then, the thermoelectric properties of pellets are improved through high-temperature annealing (500 ∘C) without phase separation. This enhancement occurs because tellurium cannot escape from the canning package. In addition, high-temperature annealing induces rapid grain growth and rearrangement, resulting in a porous structure. Electrical conductivity is increased by abnormal grain growth, whereas thermal conductivity is decreased by the porous structure with phonon scattering. Owing to the low thermal conductivity and satisfactory electrical conductivity, the highest ZT value (i.e., 1.0) is obtained by the samples annealed at 500 ∘C. Hence, the proposed method is suitable for a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
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Growing collaborations between Chinese and UK young scholars on chemical science and technology. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-2027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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