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Dave A, Reddy SN. Solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste into biofuels and Al 2O 3-carbon nanocomposite. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:642-652. [PMID: 37857051 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a novel solvothermal disposal technique of Tetra Pak waste for the co-synthesis of value-added bio-oil and alumina-carbon nanocomposite. The impact of residence time (10-50 min.), temperature (240-360 °C), and substrate-to-solvent ratio (1:4-1:10) on the solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste with supercritical ethanol were investigated on a batch scale. Initially rise in operating temperature and residence time positively influenced the bio-oil yield. However, a decline in yield was seen beyond a certain point. A higher substrate-to-solvent ratio enhanced the bio-oil yield as the solvent demonstrated its effective capabilities to depolymerize the feedstock. The favorable condition for the highest bio-oil yield (34.41 %) and HHV (30.51 MJ/Kg) were found to be at 320 °C, 30 min, and a substrate-to-solvent ratio of 1:10. The synergetic effect of solvent (ethanol) and aluminium present in Tetra Pak leads to the formation of in-situ generated active hydrogen that enhances the bio-oil yields and inhibits residue formation. XRD and XPS analysis confirms the transformation of aluminium from (Al (0)) to (Al (+3)) in the presence of ethanol forming in-situ generated alumina-carbon nanocomposite that has the potential to be used as a catalyst. NMR, GC-MS, and FTIR analysis confirmed the richness of bio-oil in various organic compounds including alcohol, esters, ketones, ethers, acids, and phenols. The recovered ethanol from the process exhibits a significant potential to be reused as a solvent or as a fuel additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Dave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Maiuolo L, Olivito F, Algieri V, Costanzo P, Jiritano A, Tallarida MA, Tursi A, Sposato C, Feo A, De Nino A. Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Novel Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams Using Cellulose-Derived Polyol for Chain Extension and Cellulose Citrate as a Thickener Additive. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2802. [PMID: 34451341 PMCID: PMC8400649 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of bio-based polyurethane composite foams was prepared, employing a cellulose-derived polyol for chain extension and cellulose-citrate as a thickener additive. The utilized polyol was obtained from the reduction reaction of cellulose-derived bio-oil through the use of sodium borohydride and iodine. Primarily, we produced both rigid and flexible polyurethane foams through chain extension of the prepolymers. Secondly, we investigated the role of cellulose citrate as a polyurethane additive to improve the mechanical properties of the realized composite materials. The products were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and their morphologies were analysed by SEM. Mechanical tests were evaluated to open new perspectives towards different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Jiritano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Tallarida
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Corradino Sposato
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419 + 500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Feo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419 + 500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.A.); (P.C.); (A.J.); (M.A.T.); (A.T.)
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