Standardised pre-competitive screening of athletes in some European and African countries: the SMILE study

Can exercise test intensity and modality affect the prevalence of arrhythmic events in young athletes?

Pre-participation screening is performed to identify underlying cardiac conditions that may also lead to sudden cardiac death. Our aim is to compare submaximal Harvard Step Test (HST) with incremental Maximal Exercise Test (MET) on treadmill to induce and detect arrhythmias in younger athletes. A total of 1000 athletes (mean age 14.6 ± 4.7 years) were evaluated, 500 with MET and 500 with HST, all with continuous ECG monitoring until three minutes of recovery. Pre-test evaluation includes medical history, clinical evaluation and resting electrocardiogram. Ventricular and/or supraventricular arrhythmias were observed in 2.6% of athletes performing HST and in 8.4% during MET (p < 0.001). Incidence of arrhythmias remained higher for MET also considering separately exercise phase (0.8% vs. 5.2%; p < 0.001) and recovery phase (2.0% vs. 6.0%; p < 0.01). No gender differences were observed. Results suggest that MET induces more arrhythmias than submaximal HST, regardless of test phase. Higher test intensity and longer exercise duration might influence test outcomes, making MET more arrhythmogenic.