Synthesis and Characterization of Glucosamide Surfactant

Synthesis and Characterization of N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine Surfactant

The synthesis and structural analysis of glucosamide surfactants of the general formula CnH2n+1NH(CH2)6NHCO(CHOH)4CH2OH (n = 8, 10, 12) were described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactants were studied, and the interfacial tensions between n-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution were measured. N-alkylhexanediamines were synthesized by the alkylation of the 1,6-hexanediamine with alkyl bromide. The glucosamide surfactants, N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine (C n GA), were prepared by amidation of the precursor diamine with D-gluconic acid δ-lactone. They were structurally characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS. They reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 28–33 mN · m−1 at concentration levels of (0.2–1.0) × 10−3 mol · L−1, and reduced the interfacial tensions between n-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution to approximately 1–2 mN · m−1 at concentration levels of (0.3–4.2) × 10−3 mol · L−1.