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Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Stable and effective eco-enzyme cocktails in powder and liquid form of Stachybotrys microspora used as detergent additives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25610. [PMID: 38356555 PMCID: PMC10865333 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present work aims to optimize fermentation parameters for the simultaneous production of eco-enzymes: proteases, amylases, and endoglucanases from the same fungus Stachybotrys microspora, and to evaluate their stability in free form and formulated in lye as detergent additives. Methods Initially, enzyme cocktail production was assayed in a medium comprising inexpensive waste biomass. Using the best substrate, we investigated the effect of its different concentrations and the NaCl concentration on the three enzymes co-production. Next, we studied the effect of several additives on the storage stability of the lyophilized enzyme cocktail (powder in liquid forms) free and incorporated in commercial laundry detergent. Finally, the washing efficiency analysis of the newly formulated enzyme cocktail was evaluated on dirty tissue pieces with different stains. Results The highest enzymatic cocktail production was achieved at 30 °C for 96 h after adding 0.1% NaCl and 1.5% wheat bran as waste biomass in the basal culture medium. The effect of adding maltodextrin, sucrose, or polyethylene glycol 4000 during freeze-drying showed that maltodextrin is the best additive to protect the activities of proteases, amylases, and cellulases of liquid and powder enzyme form. Additionally, the liquid formulation of these enzymes showed excellent stability and compatibility with 1% maltodextrin and 10% glycerol. Interestingly, we have developed a new formulation of an enzyme cocktail (liquid and powder) stable and highly compatible with detergents. Comparing the washing performance of different formulations containing our enzyme cocktail to commercial ones showed significantly better removal of different types of stains. Conclusions This research shows a cost-effective approach to simultaneously produce proteases, amylases, and endoglucanases from Stachybotrys microspora that could be considered a compatible detergent additive in the green detergent industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax, B.P “1177” 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax, B.P “1177” 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Otzen DE, Pedersen JN, Rasmussen HØ, Pedersen JS. How do surfactants unfold and refold proteins? Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102754. [PMID: 36027673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, has been used for more than half a century as a versatile and efficient protein denaturant for protein separation and size estimation, there is still controversy about its mode of interaction with proteins. The term "rod-like" structures for the complexes that form between SDS and protein, originally introduced by Tanford, is not sufficiently descriptive and does not distinguish between the two current vying models, namely protein-decorated micelles a.k.a. the core-shell model (in which denatured protein covers the surface of micelles) versus beads-on-a-string model (where unfolded proteins are surrounded by surfactant micelles). Thanks to a combination of structural, kinetic and computational work particularly within the last 5-10 years, it is now possible to rule decisively in favor of the core-shell model. This is supported unambiguously by a combination of calorimetric and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques and confirmed by increasingly sophisticated molecular dynamics simulations. Depending on the SDS:protein ratio and the protein molecular mass, the formed structures can range from multiple partly unfolded protein molecules surrounding a single shared micelle to a single polypeptide chain decorating multiple micelles. We also have much new insight into how this species forms. It is preceded by the binding of small numbers of SDS molecules which subsequently grow by accretion. Time-resolved SAXS analysis reveals an asymmetric attack by SDS micelles followed by distribution of the increasingly unfolded protein around the micelle. The compactness of the protein chain continues to evolve at higher SDS concentrations according to single-molecule studies, though the protein remains completely denatured on the tertiary structural level. SDS denaturation can be reversed by addition of nonionic surfactants that absorb SDS forming mixed micelles, leaving the protein free to refold. Refolding can occur in parallel tracks if only a fraction of the protein is initially stripped of SDS. SDS unfolding is nearly always reversible unless carried out at low pH, where charge neutralization can lead to superclusters of protein-surfactant complexes. With the general mechanism of SDS denaturation now firmly established, it largely remains to explore how other ionic surfactants (including biosurfactants) may diverge from this path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Helena Østergaard Rasmussen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Wang J, Yao M, Bai G, Liu J, Wang Y. Inhibition of horseradish peroxidase activity through conformational change in surfactant solution. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Meihuan Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
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Catalytic Performance of a Recombinant Organophosphate-Hydrolyzing Phosphotriesterase from Brevundimonas diminuta in the Presence of Surfactants. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphotriestease (PTE), also known as parathion hydrolase, has the ability to hydrolyze the triester linkage of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents, making it highly suitable for environment remediation. Here, we studied the effects of various surfactants and commercial detergents on the esterase activity of a recombinant PTE (His6-tagged BdPTE) from Brevundimonas diminuta. Enzymatic assays indicated that His6-tagged BdPTE was severely inactivated by SDS even at lower concentrations and, conversely, the other three surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 20, and Tween 80) had a stimulatory effect on the activity, especially at a pre-incubating temperature of 40 °C. The enzyme exhibited a good compatibility with several commercial detergents, such as Dr. Formula® and Sugar Bubble®. The evolution results of pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the enzyme molecules participated in the formation of SDS micelles but did not alter the property of SDS micelles above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Structural analyses revealed a significant change in the enzyme’s secondary structure in the presence of SDS. Through the use of the intentionally fenthion-contaminated Chinese cabbage leaves as the model experiment, enzyme–Joy® washer solution could remove the pesticide from the contaminated sample more efficiently than detergent alone. Overall, our data promote a better understanding of the links between the esterase activity of His6-tagged BdPTE and surfactants, and they offer valuable information about its potential applications in liquid detergent formulations.
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Zahn S, Otto C, Rohm H. Laminar flow cleaning of gelatinised, partially hydrolysed starch. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Zahn
- Chair of Food Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Clemens Otto
- Chair of Food Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Harald Rohm
- Chair of Food Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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Li M, He Y, Meng H, Dong Y, Shang Y, Liu H, Qu Z, Liu Y. Multiple effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on chromogenic catalysis of tetramethylbenzidine with horseradish peroxidase. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1702050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan He
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Shang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Qu
- Nutri-Woods Bio-Tech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Youting Liu
- Nutri-Woods Bio-Tech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Interactions between surfactants and hydrolytic enzymes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 168:169-177. [PMID: 29248277 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are combined with surfactants in many types of formulations, for instance detergents and personal care products. If the surfactant interacts with the enzyme there may be conformational changes that eventually lead to loss of the enzymatic activity. From a practical point of view it is important to understand the nature and magnitude of these interactions. After an introduction of the topic the review briefly discusses enzyme catalyzed reactions where surfactants are substrates for the enzyme. The rest of the review relates to associations between surfactants and hydrolytic enzymes without the surfactant being a substrate in the reaction. A discussion about general principles for such interactions is followed by a survey of the relevant literature related to four important types of hydrolytic enzymes: lipases, proteases, amylases and cellulases. It is shown in the review that the effect exerted by the surfactant differs between the different types of enzymes; it is therefore difficult to make general statements about which surfactants are most detrimental to the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. However, as a general rule nonionic surfactants can be regarded as more benign to an enzyme than anionic and cationic surfactants. This difference can be ascribed to the difference in binding mode. Whereas a nonionic surfactant only binds to the enzyme through hydrophobic interactions, an ionic surfactant can bind by a combination of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. This latter type of binding can be strong and lead to conformational changes already at very low surfactant concentration, often far below its critical micelle concentration.
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A multi-tolerant low molecular weight mannanase from Bacillus sp. CSB39 and its compatibility as an industrial biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 92:76-85. [PMID: 27542747 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. CSB39, isolated from popular traditional Korean food (Kimchi), produced a low molecular weight, thermostable mannanase (MnCSB39); 571.14U/mL using locust bean gum galactomannan as a major substrate. It was purified to homogeneity using a simple and effective two-step purification strategy, Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, which resulted in 25.47% yield and 19.32-fold purity. The surfactant-, NaCl-, urea-, and protease-tolerant monomeric protein had a mass of ∼30kDa as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and galactomannan zymography. MnCSB39 was found to have optimal activity at pH 7.5 and temperature of 70°C. The enzyme showed ˃55% activity at 5.0-15% (w/v) NaCl, and ˃93% of the initial activity after incubation at 37°C for 60min. Trypsin and proteinase K had no effect on MnCBS39. The enzyme showed ˃80% activity in up to 3M urea. The N-terminal amino acid sequence, ALKGDGX, did not show identity with reported mannanases, which suggests the novelty of our enzyme. Activation energy for galactomannan hydrolysis was 26.85kJmol(-1) with a Kcat of 142.58×10(4)s(-1). MnCSB39 had Km and Vmax values of 0.082mg/mL and 1099±1.0Umg(-1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔG, ΔS, Q10, ΔGE-S, and ΔGE-T supported the spontaneous formation of products and the high hydrolytic efficiency and feasibility of the enzymatic reaction, which strengthen its novelty. MnCSB39 activity was affected by metal ions, modulators, chelators, and detergents. Mannobiose was the principal end-product of hydrolysis. Bacillus subtilis CSB39 produced a maximum of 1524.44U mannanase from solid state fermentation of 1g wheat bran. MnCSB39 was simple to purify, was active at a wide pH and temperature range, multi-stress tolerant and catalyzes a thermodynamically possible reaction, characteristics that suggests its suitability for application as an industrial biocatalyst.
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Zhang R, Song Z, Wu Q, Zhou J, Li J, Mu Y, Tang X, Xu B, Ding J, Deng S, Huang Z. A novel surfactant-, NaCl-, and protease-tolerant β-mannanase from Bacillus sp. HJ14. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Development of an Environmentally Acceptable Detergent Formulation for Fatty Soils Based on the Lipase from the Indigenous Extremophile Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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