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Santos Silva E, Rocha S, Candeias Ramos R, Coutinho H, Catarino C, Teixeira F, Henriques G, Lopes AI, Santos-Silva A, Brites D. Bile acids profile and redox status in healthy infants. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y. [PMID: 36272998 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At birth, human neonates are more likely to develop cholestasis and oxidative stress due to immaturity or other causes. We aimed to search for a potential association between bile acids profile, redox status, and type of diet in healthy infants. METHODS A cross-sectional, exploratory study enrolled 2-month-old full-term infants (n = 32). We measured plasma bile acids (total and conjugated), and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress biomarkers. The type of diet (breastfeeding, mixed, formula) was used as an independent variable. RESULTS Plasma total bile acids medium value was 14.80 µmol/L (IQR: 9.25-18.00). The plasma-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid percentage (CDCA%) correlated significantly and negatively with RBCs membrane-bound hemoglobin percentage (MBH%) (r = -0.635, p < 0.01) and with RBC-oxidized glutathione (r = -0.403, p < 0.05) levels. RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (especially MBH%) were predictors of conjugated CDCA%, and this predictive ability was enhanced when adjusted for the type of diet (MBH, r = 0.452, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the bile acid profile might play a role in the regulation of redox status (or vice versa) in early postnatal life. Eventually, the type of diet may have some impact on this process. IMPACT The conjugated CDCA% in plasma is negatively correlated with biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress in healthy infants. Specific biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG) may be promising predictors of conjugated CDCA% in plasma. The type of diet may influence the predictive ability of hit RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG). Our findings suggest a link between plasma bile acids profile and the RBC redox status in healthy infants, eventually modulated by the type of diet. The recognition of this link may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for neonatal cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Santos Silva
- Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Division, Child and Adolescent Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Integrated Master in Medicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Candeias Ramos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Teixeira
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Henriques
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Lopes
- Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Furse S, Koulman A. The Lipid and Glyceride Profiles of Infant Formula Differ by Manufacturer, Region and Date Sold. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1122. [PMID: 31137537 PMCID: PMC6567151 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the lipid composition of infant formula is consistent between manufacturers, countries and target demographic. We developed techniques to profile the lipid and glyceride fraction of milk and formula in a high throughput fashion. Formula from principal brands in the UK (2017-2019; bovine-, caprine-, soya-based), the Netherlands (2018; bovine-based) and South Africa (2018; bovine-based) were profiled along with fresh British animal and soya milk and skimmed milk powder. We found that the lipid and glyceride composition of infant formula differed by region, manufacturer and date of manufacture. The formulations within some brands, aimed at different target age ranges, differed considerably where others were similar across the range. Soya lecithin and milk lipids had characteristic phospholipid profiles. Particular sources of fat, such as coconut oil, were also easy to distinguish. Docosahexaenoic acid is typically found in triglycerides rather than phospholipids in formula. The variety by region, manufacturer, date of manufacture and sub-type for target demographics lead to an array of lipid profiles in formula. This makes it impossible to predict its molecular profile. Without detailed profile of the formula fed to infants, it is difficult to characterise the relationship between infant nutrition and their growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Ronis MJJ, Chen Y, Shankar K, Gomez-Acevedo H, Cleves MA, Badeaux J, Blackburn ML, Badger TM. Formula feeding alters hepatic gene expression signature, iron and cholesterol homeostasis in the neonatal pig. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1281-93. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the U.S. formula feeding remains more popular than breast-feeding. In the current study, neonatal piglets were breast fed and compared with those fed commercially available milk-based formula (milk) or soy-based formula (soy) from postnatal day 2 (PND2) until death at PND21 (the usual age of weaning). Liver weights were greater in formula-fed piglets ( P < 0.05) than in breast-fed piglets ( P < 0.05). Affymetrix array analysis revealed significant differences in hepatic gene expression signatures between piglets fed breast milk or formula, as well as between piglets fed milk or soy. In males, expression of 346 hepatic genes differed between formula-fed and breast-fed piglets, and soy-fed differed from milk-fed piglets in 277 genes. Furthermore, gene expression profiles of males differed from females, even when the same diet was consumed. Serum cholesterol was lower in piglets fed formula relative to breast-fed piglets ( P < 0.05), and this was associated with elevations in mRNA encoding cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Consistent with the human literature, breast-fed piglets had lower hepatic iron accumulation than formula-fed piglets. Hepcidin, a major regulator of hepatic iron trafficking, was elevated in piglets fed formula relative to breast-fed piglets ( P < 0.05). Female piglets fed soy formula had increased expression of CYP3A enzymes ( P < 0.05), and soy formula feeding decreased expression of several hepatic genes considered estrogen inducible. These data suggest that: 1) gene expression profiles in neonates differ significantly depending on the diet consumed, 2) hepatic iron storage and cholesterol metabolism clearly differ between breast and formula feeding in piglets, 3) there is no evidence that soy is estrogenic in neonatal pig liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. J. Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
- Departments of 2Pharmacology & Toxicology,
- Pediatrics, and
| | - Ying Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael L. Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
- Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and
- Pediatrics, and
- Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The impact of neonatal nutrition on the health status of the newborn and incidence of disease in later life is a topic of intense interest. Animal models are an invaluable tool to identify mechanisms that mediate the effect of nutrition on neonatal development and metabolic function. This review highlights recently developed animal models that are being used to study neonatal human nutrition. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, mice, rats, and pigs have become the most frequently used animal models to study human neonatal nutrition. Techniques for rearing newborn mice, preterm rats, and preterm pigs have been developed. Neonatal mice have great potential for mechanistic and genomic research in postnatal nutrition and related diseases. The neonatal pig model is valuable to study acute and chronic effects of parenteral and enteral nutrition on whole-body metabolism as well as specific tissues. To date, a wealth of information from studies with neonatal pigs has been applied to humans. SUMMARY Further development of neonatal animal models related to nutrition is required for the advancement of research in early postnatal nutrition. Improvement of nutritional support during this critical period of development will enhance immediate clinical outcomes and possibly prevent diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puiman
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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