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Berry SE, Bruce JH, Steenson S, Stanner S, Buttriss JL, Spiro A, Gibson PS, Bowler I, Dionisi F, Farrell L, Glass A, Lovegrove JA, Nicholas J, Peacock E, Porter S, Mensink RP, L Hall W. Interesterified fats: What are they and why are they used? A briefing report from the Roundtable on Interesterified Fats in Foods. NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Spiro
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Glass
- Food and Drink Federation London UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Porter
- British Dietetic Association Birmingham UK
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Dias CB, Moughan PJ, Wood LG, Singh H, Garg ML. Postprandial lipemia: factoring in lipemic response for ranking foods for their healthiness. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 28923057 PMCID: PMC5604516 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations for ranking foods and meals for healthiness on the basis of the glycaemic index (GI) is that the GI is subject to manipulation by addition of fat. Postprandial lipemia, defined as a rise in circulating triglyceride containing lipoproteins following consumption of a meal, has been recognised as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Many non-modifiable factors (pathological conditions, genetic background, age, sex and menopausal status) and life-style factors (physical activity, smoking, alcohol and medication use, dietary choices) may modulate postprandial lipemia. The structure and the composition of a food or a meal consumed also plays an important role in the rate of postprandial appearance and clearance of triglycerides in the blood. However, a major difficulty in grading foods, meals and diets according to their potential to elevate postprandial triglyceride levels has been the lack of a standardised marker that takes into consideration both the general characteristics of the food and the food’s fat composition and quantity. The release rate of lipids from the food matrix during digestion also has an important role in determining the postprandial lipemic effects of a food product. This article reviews the factors that have been shown to influence postprandial lipemia with a view to develop a novel index for ranking foods according to their healthiness. This index should take into consideration not only the glycaemic but also lipemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Botelho Dias
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. .,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. .,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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SHRESTHA R, HIRANO KI, SUZUKI A, YAMAGUCHI S, MIURA Y, CHEN YF, MIZUTA M, CHIBA H, HUI SP. Change in Plasma Total, Esterified and Non-esterified Capric Acid Concentrations during a Short-term Oral Administration of Synthetic Tricaprin in Dogs. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1297-1303. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-ichi HIRANO
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Akira SUZUKI
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Satoshi YAMAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | | | - Yi-Fan CHEN
- Laboratory of Advance Data Science, Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University
| | - Masahiro MIZUTA
- Laboratory of Advance Data Science, Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University
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Bonham MP, Linderborg KM, Dordevic A, Larsen AE, Nguo K, Weir JM, Gran P, Luotonen MK, Meikle PJ, Cameron-Smith D, Kallio HPT, Sinclair AJ. Lipidomic profiling of chylomicron triacylglycerols in response to high fat meals. Lipids 2012; 48:39-50. [PMID: 23124915 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using lipidomic methodologies the impact that meal lipid composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) exerts on the postprandial chylomicron triacylglycerol (TAG) response was examined. Males (9 control; 11 MetS) participated in a randomised crossover trial ingesting two high fat breakfast meals composed of either dairy-based foods or vegetable oil-based foods. The postprandial lipidomic molecular composition of the TAG in the chylomicron-rich (CM) fraction was analysed with tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography to profile CM TAG species and targeted TAG regioisomers. Postprandial CM TAG concentrations were significantly lower after the dairy-based foods compared with the vegetable oil-based foods for both control and MetS subjects. The CM TAG response to the ingested meals involved both significant and differential depletion of TAG species containing shorter- and medium-chain fatty acids (FA) and enrichment of TAG molecular species containing C16 and C18 saturated, monounsaturated and diunsaturated FA. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the TAG species between the food TAG and CM TAG and between the 3- and 5-h postprandial samples for the CM TAG regioisomers. Unexpectedly, the postprandial CM TAG concentration and CM TAG lipidomic responses did not differ between the control and MetS subjects. Lipidomic analysing of CM TAG molecular species revealed dynamic changes in the molecular species of CM TAG during the postprandial phase suggesting either preferential CM TAG species formation and/or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia.
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Leskinen HM, Suomela JP, Kallio HP. Quantification of triacylglycerol regioisomers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ammonia negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1-5. [PMID: 19957298 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomer composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in various vegetable oils was determined with a new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS method). A direct inlet ammonia negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) MS/MS method was improved by adapting it to LC negative ion (NI) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS/MS system using ammonia as nebulizer gas. The method is based on the preferential formation of [M-H-RCOOH-100](-) ions during collision-induced dissociation by loss of sn-1/3 fatty acids from [M-H](-) ions. Calibration curves were created from nine reference TAGs: Ala/L/L, Gla/L/L, L/L/O, L/O/O, P/O/O, P/P/O, Po/Po/V, Po/Po/O, and C/O/O. The calibration curves were used to quantify the regioisomer compositions of selected TAGs in rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, black currant seed oil, and sea buckthorn pulp oil. The method discriminates the different regioisomers and the results obtained by this method were in good agreement with previous results. This proves that this new method can be used for the determination of regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Leskinen H, Suomela JP, Kallio H. Quantification of triacylglycerol regioisomers in oils and fat using different mass spectrometric and liquid chromatographic methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2361-73. [PMID: 17590869 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomers (sn-ABA/sn-AAB) of four triacylglycerols (TAGs), 18:2/18:2/18:1 (LLO), 18:2/18:1/18:1 (LOO), 16:0/18:1/18:1 (POO), and 16:0/16:0/18:1 (PPO), were quantified in lard, rapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil by three different mass spectrometric methods using liquid chromatography (LC) and two different mass spectrometers. The ionization methods used were positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) with ammonia as the reagent gas. The LC/APCI-MS results with two different instrumentation types, LC/ESI-MS/MS and direct inlet ammonia NICI-MS/MS, were compared. The LC/APCI-MS method is based on the preferential formation of diacylglycerol (DAG) fragment ions during ionization by loss of sn-1/3 fatty acids from [M+H]+ ions. Similar formation of the DAG ions from [M+NH4]+ ions by collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the LC/ESI-MS/MS method and the [M-H--RCOOH-100]- ions from [M-H]- ions by CID in the direct inlet ammonia NICI-MS/MS method is observed. These methods were found to be useful and reliable in determining the regioisomeric structure of TAGs. No statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained with these methods. For LLO, LOO, and POO the proportions of sn-ABA isomer calculated from the results from all four methods were in rapeseed oil 7.7 +/- 6.5, 57.9 +/- 3.3, and 4.5 +/- 6.1%, respectively, and in sunflower seed oil 12.2 +/- 6.9, 34.0 +/- 5.2, and 1.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. The proportions of ABA of POO and PPO in lard were 95.3 +/- 3.2 and 4.9 +/- 5.6%, respectively. This study also proved that the LC/APCI-MS/MS method examined is not applicable in the quantification of TAG regioisomers because the formation of DAG ions is not clearly dependent on the positional distribution of the fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, Turku 20014, Finland
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Yang B, Kallio H. Analysis of triacylglycerols of seeds and berries of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) of different origins by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Lipids 2006; 41:381-92. [PMID: 16808152 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TAG of seeds, berries, and fruit pulp/peel of different subspecies of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) were analyzed by MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The seeds contained mainly TAG with acyl carbon number (ACN) of 52 with 2-6 double bonds (DB) (20-30%), and TAG of ACN 54 with 3-9 DB (70-80%). In the pulp/peel fraction, the major TAG were species with ACN:DB of 48:1 to 48:3 (19-49%), 50:1 to 50:4 (31-41%), and 52:1 to 52:6 (9-19%). The molecular weight species of whole berries largely resembled those of fruit pulp/peel with additional species of ACN 54 from the seeds (5-24%). Subspecies (ssp.) sinensis differed from ssp. mongolica and rhamnoides by having a higher proportion of TAG of ACN 52 (27% vs. 21% and 22%, P< 0.05) and a lower proportion of ACN 54 (71% vs. 79% and 78%, P < 0.01) in seed TAG. Seed TAG of ssp. mongolica contained a higher proportion of more unsaturated species compared with those of the two other subspecies. Berry TAG of ssp. mongolica had the highest proportion of molecular species of ACN 48 due to the higher proportion of palmitic and palmitoleic acids and the lower seed content of the berries. Overall, palmitic acid favored the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. The order of preference of unsaturated FA for the sn-2 position depended at least partially on the FA combination of TAG. Seed TAG of ssp. mongolica contained a higher proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in the sn-2 position than those of ssp. sinensis. In berry TAG, ssp. mongolica had the highest proportions of palmitoleic and linoleic acids in the sn-2 position, and the lowest proportion of oleic/cis-vaccenic acid in the sn-2 position, among the three subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoru Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
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Linderborg (née Yli-Jokipii) KM, Kallio HPT. Triacylglycerol Fatty Acid Positional Distribution and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/fri-200061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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