1
|
Thomsen PT, Nielsen SR, Borodina I. Recent advances in engineering microorganisms for the production of natural food colorants. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102477. [PMID: 38878611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Food colorants are frequently added to processed foods since color is an important tool in the marketing of food products, influencing consumer perceptions, preferences, and purchasing behavior. While synthetic dyes currently dominate the food colorant market, consumer concern regarding their safety and sustainability is driving a demand for their replacement with naturally derived alternatives. However, natural colorants are costly compared to their synthetic counterparts as the pigment content in the native sources is usually very low and extraction can be challenging. Recent advances in the engineering of microbial metabolism have sparked interest in the development of cell factories capable of producing natural colorants from renewable resources. This review summarizes major developments within metabolic engineering for the production of nature-identical food colorants by fermentation. Additionally, it highlights common applications, formulations, and physicochemical characteristics of prevalent pigment classes. Lastly, it outlines a workflow for accelerating the optimization of cell factories for the production or derivatization of nature-identical food colorants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tinggaard Thomsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Roenfeldt Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The effect of solvent on the optical properties of myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
3
|
Chen X, Lim X, Bouin A, Lautier T, Zhang C. High-level de novo biosynthesis of glycosylated zeaxanthin and astaxanthin in Escherichia coli. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:67. [PMID: 38650269 PMCID: PMC10992962 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of wide applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, the carotenoid market is growing rapidly. Most carotenoids are hydrophobic, which limits their bioavailability. Glycosylation is a natural route that substantially increases the water solubility, as well as the bioavailability, photostability and biological activities of carotenoids. Here, we report metabolic engineering efforts (e.g., promoter and RBS engineering, optimization of carbon sources and supplementation of bottleneck genes) to produce glycosylated carotenoids in Escherichia coli. By fine-tuning the carotenoid-biosynthetic genes (crtX, crtZ and crtY), our strain produced up to 47.2 mg/L (~ 11,670 ppm) of zeaxanthin glucosides, ~ 78% of the total carotenoids produced. In another construct with mevalonate, astaxanthin pathway and crtX genes, the strain produced a mixture of carotenoid glucosides including astaxanthin and adonixanthin glucosides with a total yield of 8.1 mg/L (1774 ppm). Our work demonstrated a proof-of-concept study for the microbial biosynthesis of glycosylated carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Chen
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos level 4, Nanos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xiaohui Lim
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos level 4, Nanos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Aurélie Bouin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos level 4, Nanos, 138673, Singapore
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Lautier
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos level 4, Nanos, 138673, Singapore
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Congqiang Zhang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos level 4, Nanos, 138673, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dembitsky VM, Ermolenko E, Savidov N, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antiprotozoal and Antitumor Activity of Natural Polycyclic Endoperoxides: Origin, Structures and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:686. [PMID: 33525706 PMCID: PMC7865715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic endoperoxides are rare natural metabolites found and isolated in plants, fungi, and marine invertebrates. The purpose of this review is a comparative analysis of the pharmacological potential of these natural products. According to PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) estimates, they are more likely to exhibit antiprotozoal and antitumor properties. Some of them are now widely used in clinical medicine. All polycyclic endoperoxides presented in this article demonstrate antiprotozoal activity and can be divided into three groups. The third group includes endoperoxides, which show weak antiprotozoal activity with a reliability of up to 70%, and this group includes only 1.1% of metabolites. The second group includes the largest number of endoperoxides, which are 65% and show average antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 70 to 90%. Lastly, the third group includes endoperoxides, which are 33.9% and show strong antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 90 to 99.6%. Interestingly, artemisinin and its analogs show strong antiprotozoal activity with 79 to 99.6% confidence against obligate intracellular parasites which belong to the genera Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and Coccidia. In addition to antiprotozoal activities, polycyclic endoperoxides show antitumor activity in the proportion: 4.6% show weak activity with a reliability of up to 70%, 65.6% show an average activity with a reliability of 70 to 90%, and 29.8% show strong activity with a reliability of 90 to 98.3%. It should also be noted that some polycyclic endoperoxides, in addition to antiprotozoal and antitumor properties, show other strong activities with a confidence level of 90 to 97%. These include antifungal activity against the genera Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. This review provides insights on further utilization of polycyclic endoperoxides by medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Varasteh T, Hamerski L, Tschoeke D, Lima AS, Garcia G, Cosenza CAN, Thompson C, Thompson F. Conserved Pigment Profiles in Phylogenetically Diverse Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with the Corals Montastraea cavernosa and Mussismilia braziliensis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:267-277. [PMID: 32681284 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pigmented bacterial symbionts play major roles in the health of coral holobionts. However, there is scarce knowledge on the diversity of these microbes for several coral species. To gain further insights into holobiont health, pigmented bacterial isolates of Fabibacter pacificus (Bacteroidetes; n = 4), Paracoccus marcusii (Alphaproteobacteria; n = 1), and Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis (Gammaproteobacteria; n = 1) were obtained from the corals Mussismilia braziliensis and Montastraea cavernosa in Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Cultures of these bacterial symbionts produced strong antioxidant activity (catalase, peroxidase, and oxidase). To explore these bacterial isolates further, we identified their major pigments by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The six phylogenetically diverse symbionts had similar pigment patterns and produced myxol and keto-carotene. In addition, similar carotenoid gene clusters were confirmed in the whole genome sequences of these symbionts, which reinforce their antioxidant potential. This study highlights the possible roles of bacterial symbionts in Montastraea and Mussismilia holobionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Varasteh
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Lidilhone Hamerski
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tschoeke
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silva Lima
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Gizele Garcia
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino de Graduação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus UFRJ - Macaé Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 27930-480, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
- SAGE - COPPE, Centro de Gestão Tecnológica - CT2, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ermolenko EV, Imbs AB, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV, Sikorskaya TV, Dembitsky VM. Chemical Diversity of Soft Coral Steroids and Their Pharmacological Activities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E613. [PMID: 33276570 PMCID: PMC7761492 DOI: 10.3390/md18120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the chemical diversity of steroids produced by soft corals and their determined and potential activities. There are about 200 steroids that belong to different types of steroids such as secosteroids, spirosteroids, epoxy- and peroxy-steroids, steroid glycosides, halogenated steroids, polyoxygenated steroids and steroids containing sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms. Of greatest interest is the pharmacological activity of these steroids. More than 40 steroids exhibit antitumor and related activity with a confidence level of over 90 percent. A group of 32 steroids shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity with over 90 percent confidence. Ten steroids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and 20 steroids can be classified as respiratory analeptic drugs. Several steroids exhibit rather rare and very specific activities. Steroids exhibit anti-osteoporotic properties and can be used to treat osteoporosis, as well as have strong anti-eczemic and anti-psoriatic properties and antispasmodic properties. Thus, this review is probably the first and exclusive to present the known as well as the potential pharmacological activities of 200 marine steroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Tatyana V. Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee EY. Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics: Role of glycosylation and biocatalytic tactics in engineering glycosylation. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107550. [PMID: 32360984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketides are structurally diverse secondary metabolites used widely as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Most of these molecules exist in nature as glycosides, in which sugar residues act as a decisive factor in their architectural complexity and bioactivity. Engineering glycosylation through selective trimming or extension of the sugar residues in these molecules is a prerequisite to their commercial production as well to creating novel derivatives with specialized functions. Traditional chemical glycosylation methods are tedious and can offer only limited end-product diversity. New in vitro and in vivo biocatalytic tools have emerged as outstanding platforms for engineering glycosylation in these three classes of secondary metabolites to create a large repertoire of versatile glycoprofiles. As knowledge has increased about secondary metabolite-associated promiscuous glycosyltransferases and sugar biosynthetic machinery, along with phenomenal progress in combinatorial biosynthesis, reliable industrial production of unnatural secondary metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. This review highlights the significant role of sugar residues in naturally occurring flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics. General biocatalytic tools used to alter the identity and pattern of sugar molecules are described, followed by a detailed illustration of diverse strategies used in the past decade to engineer glycosylation of these valuable metabolites, exemplified with commercialized products and patents. By addressing the challenges involved in current bio catalytic methods and considering the perspectives portrayed in this review, exceptional drugs, flavors, and aromas from these small molecules could come to dominate the natural-product industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hashim R, Zahid NI, Velayutham TS, Aripin NFK, Ogawa S, Sugimura A. Dry Thermotropic Glycolipid Self-Assembly:A Review. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:651-668. [PMID: 29760332 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Also recognized as carbohydrate liquid crystals, glycolipids are amphiphiles whose basic unit comprises of a sugar group attached to an alkyl chain. Glycolipids are amphitropic, which means these materials form liquid crystal self-assemblies when dry (thermotropic) as well as when dissolved in solvents (lyotropic/surfactants) such as water. Many glycolipids are also naturally derived since these can be found in cell membranes. Their membrane and surfactant functions are largely understood through their lyotropic properties. While glycolipids are expected to play major roles as eco-friendly surfactants in the global surfactant market, their usefulness as thermotropic liquid crystal material is, to date, unknown, due to relatively lack of research performed and data reported in the literature. Understandably since glycolipids are hygroscopic with many hydroxy groups, removing the last trace water is very challenging. In recent time, with careful lyophilization and more consistent characterization technique, some researchers have attempted serious studies into "dry" or anhydrous glycolipids. Motivated by possible developments of novel thermotropic applications, some results from these studies also provide surprising new understanding to support conventional wisdom of the lyotropic systems. Here we review the dry state of glycosides, a family of glycolipids whose sugar headgroup is linked to the lipid chain via a glycosidic oxygen linker. The structure property relationship of both linear and anhydrous Guerbet glycosides will be examined. In particular, how the variation of sugar stereochemistry (e.g. anomer vs. epimer), the chain length and chain branching affect the formation of thermotropic liquid crystals phases, which not only located under equilibrium but also far from equilibrium conditions (glassy phase) are scrutinized. The dry glycolipid assembly has been subjected to electric and magnetic fields and the results show interesting behaviors including a possible transient current generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rauzah Hashim
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - N Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - T S Velayutham
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | | | | | - Akihiko Sugimura
- School of Information Systems Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Stephanopoulos G. Simple glycolipids of microbes: Chemistry, biological activity and metabolic engineering. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:3-19. [PMID: 29911195 PMCID: PMC5884252 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated lipids (GLs) are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential. Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents, they have diverse biological activities with promising biomedical and cosmeceutical applications. Glycolipids, especially those of microbial origin, have interesting antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic as well as immunomodulatory activities. Nonetheless, GLs are hardly accessing the market because of their high cost of production. We believe that experience of metabolic engineering (ME) of microbial lipids for biofuel production can now be harnessed towards a successful synthesis of microbial GLs for biomedical and other applications. This review presents chemical groups of bacterial and fungal GLs, their biological activities, their general biosynthetic pathways and an insight on ME strategies for their production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henke NA, Wiebe D, Pérez-García F, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF. Coproduction of cell-bound and secreted value-added compounds: Simultaneous production of carotenoids and amino acids by Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:744-752. [PMID: 30060409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for production of the food and feed amino acids l-glutamate and l-lysine at the million-ton-scale. One feed formulation of l-lysine simply involves spray-drying of the fermentation broth, thus, including secreted l-lysine and C. glutamicum cells which are pigmented by the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. C. glutamicum has been engineered for overproduction of various compounds including carotenoids. In this study, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of a secreted amino acid with a cell-bound carotenoid. Asa proof of principle, coproduction of l-glutamate with the industrially relevant astaxanthin was shown. This strategy was applied to engineer l-lysine overproducing strains for combined overproduction of secreted l-lysine with the cell-bound carotenoids decaprenoxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. By fed-batch fermentation 48g/Ll-lysine and 10mg/L astaxanthin were coproduced. Moreover, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of l-lysine and β-carotene from xylose and arabinose as alternative feedstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Wiebe
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fernando Pérez-García
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ron EYC, Plaza M, Kristjansdottir T, Sardari RRR, Bjornsdottir SH, Gudmundsson S, Hreggvidsson GO, Turner C, van Niel EWJ, Nordberg-Karlsson E. Characterization of carotenoids in Rhodothermus marinus. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7. [PMID: 29045010 PMCID: PMC5822342 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodothermus marinus, a marine aerobic thermophile, was first isolated from an intertidal hot spring in Iceland. In recent years, the R. marinus strain PRI 493 has been genetically modified, which opens up possibilities for targeted metabolic engineering of the species, such as of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the carotenoids of the R. marinus type‐strain DSM 4252T, strain DSM 4253, and strain PRI 493 were characterized. Bioreactor cultivations were used for pressurized liquid extraction and analyzed by ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with diode array and quadropole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry detection (UHPSFC‐DAD‐QTOF/MS). Salinixanthin, a carotenoid originally found in Salinibacter ruber and previously detected in strain DSM 4253, was identified in all three R. marinus strains, both in the hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated form. Furthermore, an additional and structurally distinct carotenoid was detected in the three strains. MS/MS fragmentation implied that the mass difference between salinixanthin and the novel carotenoid structure corresponded to the absence of a 4‐keto group on the ß‐ionone ring. The study confirmed the lack of carotenoids for the strain SB‐71 (ΔtrpBΔpurAcrtBI’::trpB) in which genes encoding two enzymes of the proposed pathway are partially deleted. Moreover, antioxidant capacity was detected in extracts of all the examined R. marinus strains and found to be 2–4 times lower for the knock‐out strain SB‐71. A gene cluster with 11 genes in two operons in the R. marinusDSM 4252T genome was identified and analyzed, in which several genes were matched with carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Y C Ron
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Division of Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Roya R R Sardari
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Charlotta Turner
- Division of Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed W J van Niel
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Production of microbial biosurfactants: Status quo of rhamnolipid and surfactin towards large-scale production. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
13
|
Henke NA, Heider SAE, Hannibal S, Wendisch VF, Peters-Wendisch P. Isoprenoid Pyrophosphate-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:633. [PMID: 28484430 PMCID: PMC5401885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a natural producer of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. The crtEcg0722crtBIYEb operon comprises most of its genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. The MarR-type regulator encoded upstream and in divergent orientation of the carotenoid biosynthesis operon has not yet been characterized. This regulator, named CrtR in this study, is encoded in many actinobacterial genomes co-occurring with terpenoid biosynthesis genes. CrtR was shown to repress the crt operon of C. glutamicum since DNA microarray experiments revealed that transcript levels of crt operon genes were increased 10 to 70-fold in its absence. Transcriptional fusions of a promoter-less gfp gene with the crt operon and crtR promoters confirmed that CrtR represses its own gene and the crt operon. Gel mobility shift assays with purified His-tagged CrtR showed that CrtR binds to a region overlapping with the −10 and −35 promoter sequences of the crt operon. Isoprenoid pyrophosphates interfered with binding of CrtR to its target DNA, a so far unknown mechanism for regulation of carotenogenesis. The molecular details of protein-ligand interactions remain to be studied. Decaprenoxanthin synthesis by C. glutamicum wild type was enhanced 10 to 30-fold upon deletion of crtR and was decreased 5 to 6-fold as result of crtR overexpression. Moreover, deletion of crtR was shown as metabolic engineering strategy to improve production of native and non-native carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, C.p. 450 and sarcinaxanthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabine A E Heider
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Silvin Hannibal
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agócs A, Bokor É, Takátsy A, Lóránd T, Deli J, Somsák L, Nagy V. Synthesis of carotenoid-monosaccharide conjugates via azide–alkyne click-reaction. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Ten LN, Yoon GJ, Chae SM. Fatty-Acid and Carotenoid Compositions of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. BD154. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
This article summarizes what is currently known of the structures, physiological roles, involvement in pathogenicity, and biogenesis of a variety of noncovalently bound cell envelope lipids and glycoconjugates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium species. Topics addressed in this article include phospholipids; phosphatidylinositol mannosides; triglycerides; isoprenoids and related compounds (polyprenyl phosphate, menaquinones, carotenoids, noncarotenoid cyclic isoprenoids); acyltrehaloses (lipooligosaccharides, trehalose mono- and di-mycolates, sulfolipids, di- and poly-acyltrehaloses); mannosyl-beta-1-phosphomycoketides; glycopeptidolipids; phthiocerol dimycocerosates, para-hydroxybenzoic acids, and phenolic glycolipids; mycobactins; mycolactones; and capsular polysaccharides.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ten LN, Chae SM, Yoo SA. Composition of Carotenoids from Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. BD47 Biomass, Feedstock for Biodiesel Production. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Kügler JH, Le Roes-Hill M, Syldatk C, Hausmann R. Surfactants tailored by the class Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:212. [PMID: 25852670 PMCID: PMC4365757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally the change towards the establishment of a bio-based economy has resulted in an increased need for bio-based applications. This, in turn, has served as a driving force for the discovery and application of novel biosurfactants. The class Actinobacteria represents a vast group of microorganisms with the ability to produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including surfactants. Understanding the extensive nature of the biosurfactants produced by actinobacterial strains can assist in finding novel biosurfactants with new potential applications. This review therefore presents a comprehensive overview of the knowledge available on actinobacterial surfactants, the chemical structures that have been completely or partly elucidated, as well as the identity of the biosurfactant-producing strains. Producer strains of not yet elucidated compounds are discussed, as well as the original habitats of all the producer strains, which seems to indicate that biosurfactant production is environmentally driven. Methodology applied in the isolation, purification and structural elucidation of the different types of surface active compounds, as well as surfactant activity tests, are also discussed. Overall, actinobacterial surfactants can be summarized to include the dominantly occurring trehalose-comprising surfactants, other non-trehalose containing glycolipids, lipopeptides and the more rare actinobacterial surfactants. The lack of structural information on a large proportion of actinobacterial surfactants should be considered as a driving force to further explore the abundance and diversity of these compounds. This would allow for a better understanding of actinobacterial surface active compounds and their potential for biotechnological application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Kügler
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellville, South Africa
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim SH, Kim JH, Lee BY, Lee PC. The astaxanthin dideoxyglycoside biosynthesis pathway in Sphingomonas sp. PB304. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9993-10003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
20
|
Heider SAE, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF, Beekwilder J, Brautaset T. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of carotenoids and related products with a focus on the rare C50 carotenoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4355-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
21
|
Wang X, Zhang S, Ju B. Foaming Behavior of Dialdehyde Starch Schiff-base Derivatives. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A foamable dialdehyde starch-aniline Schiff-base (DAS-AN) was synthesized by the reaction of dialdehyde starch (DAS) and oil-soluble aniline in a homogeneous dimethyl sulfoxide system under N2 atmosphere. The DAS-ANs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and NMR spectroscopy. Their foaming behavior and surface tension were investigated. Foaming power and stability tests were performed for solutions of DAS-ANs with different degrees of substitutions with aniline (DS
AN) and concentrations. The maximum foaming power was 2.6 times the initial solution volume of the foam test in 450 mg · L–1 CaCO3 aqueous solution. The most stable foams only decreased by 6% in volume in deionized water after 20 min.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Characterization of airborne bacteria at an underground subway station. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1917-29. [PMID: 22247150 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07212-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliable detection of airborne biological threat agents depends on several factors, including the performance criteria of the detector and its operational environment. One step in improving the detector's performance is to increase our knowledge of the biological aerosol background in potential operational environments. Subway stations are enclosed public environments, which may be regarded as potential targets for incidents involving biological threat agents. In this study, the airborne bacterial community at a subway station in Norway was characterized (concentration level, diversity, and virulence- and survival-associated properties). In addition, a SASS 3100 high-volume air sampler and a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based isolate screening procedure was used for these studies. The daytime level of airborne bacteria at the station was higher than the nighttime and outdoor levels, and the relative bacterial spore number was higher in outdoor air than at the station. The bacterial content, particle concentration, and size distribution were stable within each environment throughout the study (May to September 2010). The majority of the airborne bacteria belonged to the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus, but a total of 37 different genera were identified in the air. These results suggest that anthropogenic sources are major contributors to airborne bacteria at subway stations and that such airborne communities could harbor virulence- and survival-associated properties of potential relevance for biological detection and surveillance, as well as for public health. Our findings also contribute to the development of realistic testing and evaluation schemes for biological detection/surveillance systems by providing information that can be used to mimic real-life operational airborne environments in controlled aerosol test chambers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Walter MH, Strack D. Carotenoids and their cleavage products: biosynthesis and functions. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:663-92. [PMID: 21321752 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on plant carotenoids, but it also includes progress made on microbial and animal carotenoid metabolism to better understand the functions and the evolution of these structurally diverse compounds with a common backbone. Plants have evolved isogenes for specific key steps of carotenoid biosynthesis with differential expression profiles, whose characteristic features will be compared. Perhaps the most exciting progress has been made in studies of carotenoid cleavage products (apocarotenoids) with an ever-expanding variety of novel functions being discovered. This review therefore covers structural, molecular genetic and functional aspects of carotenoids and apocarotenoids alike. Apocarotenoids are specifically tailored from carotenoids by a family of oxidative cleavage enzymes, but whether there are contributions to their generation from chemical oxidation, photooxidation or other mechanisms is largely unknown. Control of carotenoid homeostasis is discussed in the context of biosynthetic and degradative reactions but also in the context of subcellular environments for deposition and sequestration within and outside of plastids. Other aspects of carotenoid research, including metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches, will only be covered briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Walter
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stafsnes MH, Josefsen KD, Kildahl-Andersen G, Valla S, Ellingsen TE, Bruheim P. Isolation and characterization of marine pigmented bacteria from Norwegian coastal waters and screening for carotenoids with UVA-blue light absorbing properties. J Microbiol 2010; 48:16-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-009-0118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
The biosynthetic pathway for myxol-2' fucoside (myxoxanthophyll) in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:3292-300. [PMID: 19304845 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00050-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 produces a variety of carotenoids, which comprise predominantly dicylic beta-carotene and two dicyclic xanthophylls, zeaxanthin and synechoxanthin. However, this cyanobacterium also produces a monocyclic myxoxanthophyll, which was identified as myxol-2' fucoside. Compared to the carotenoid glycosides produced by diverse microorganisms, cyanobacterial myxoxanthophyll and closely related compounds are unusual because they are glycosylated on the 2'-OH rather than on the 1'-OH position of the psi end of the molecule. In this study, the genes encoding two enzymes that modify the psi end of myxoxanthophyll in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 were identified. Mutational and biochemical studies showed that open reading frame SynPCC7002_A2032, renamed cruF, encodes a 1',2'-hydroxylase [corrected] and that open reading frame SynPCC7002_A2031, renamed cruG, encodes a 2'-O-glycosyltransferase. The enzymatic activity of CruF was verified by chemical characterization of the carotenoid products synthesized when cruF was expressed in a lycopene-producing strain of Escherichia coli. Database searches showed that homologs of cruF and cruG occur in the genomes of all sequenced cyanobacterial strains that are known to produce myxol or the acylic xanthophyll oscillaxanthin. The genomes of many other bacteria that produce hydroxylated carotenoids but do not contain crtC homologs also contain cruF orthologs. Based upon observable intermediates, a complete biosynthetic pathway for myxoxanthophyll is proposed. This study expands the suite of enzymes available for metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rezanka T, Nedbalová L, Sigler K, Cepák V. Identification of astaxanthin diglucoside diesters from snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:479-90. [PMID: 17681561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the identification of astaxanthin glucoside esters from snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-MS/APCI). The method is based on the use of preparative HPLC and subsequent identification of astaxanthin diglucoside diesters by microbore LC-MS/APCI. The combination of these two techniques was used to identify more than 100 molecular species. The astaxanthin diglucoside diester, i.e. (all-E)-[di-(6-O-oleoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)]-astaxanthin, was also synthesized to unambiguously confirm its structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dembitsky VM, Maoka T. Allenic and cumulenic lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2007; 46:328-75. [PMID: 17765976 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, about 200 natural allenic metabolites, more than 2700 synthetic allenic compounds, and about 1300 cumulenic structures are known. The present review describes research on natural as well as some biological active allenic and cumulenic lipids and related compounds isolated from different sources. Intensive searches for new classes of pharmacologically potent agents produced by living organisms have resulted in the discovery of dozens of such compounds possessing high anticancer, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, and other activities. Known allenic and cumulenic compounds can be subdivided on several structural classes: fatty acids, hydrocarbons, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids, marine bromoallenes, peptides, aromatic, cumulenic, and miscellaneous compounds. This review emphasizes the role of natural and synthetic allenic and cumulenic lipids and other related compounds as an important source of leads for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maresca JA, Bryant DA. Two genes encoding new carotenoid-modifying enzymes in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:6217-23. [PMID: 16923888 PMCID: PMC1595356 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00766-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum produces chlorobactene as its primary carotenoid. Small amounts of chlorobactene are hydroxylated by the enzyme CrtC and then glucosylated and acylated to produce chlorobactene glucoside laurate. The genes encoding the enzymes responsible for these modifications of chlorobactene, CT1987, and CT0967, have been identified by comparative genomics, and these genes were insertionally inactivated in C. tepidum to verify their predicted function. The gene encoding chlorobactene glucosyltransferase (CT1987) has been named cruC, and the gene encoding chlorobactene lauroyltransferase (CT0967) has been named cruD. Homologs of these genes are found in the genomes of all sequenced green sulfur bacteria and filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs as well as in the genomes of several nonphotosynthetic bacteria that produce similarly modified carotenoids. The other bacteria in which these genes are found are not closely related to green sulfur bacteria or to one another. This suggests that the ability to synthesize modified carotenoids has been a frequently transferred trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Maresca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, S-235 Frear Building, PA 16802, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This review presents more than 260 naturally occurring (as well as 47 synthesized) neo fatty (carboxylic) acids, neo alkanes, and their analogs and derivatives, isolated and identified from plants, algae, fungi, marine invertebrates, and microorganisms, that demonstrate different biological activities. These natural metabolites are good prospects for future chemical preparations as antioxidants, and also as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. Described also are some synthetic bioactive compounds containing a tertiary butyl group(s) that have shown high anticancer, antifungal, and other activities. Applications of some neo fatty (carboxylic) acid derivatives in cosmetic, agronomic, and pharmaceutical industries also are considered. This is the first review to consider naturally occurring neo fatty (carboxylic) acids, neo alkanes, and other metabolites containing a tertiary butyl group(s) [or tert-butyl unit(s)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dembitsky VM. Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 4. Fatty acid amide glycosides, their analogs and derivatives. Lipids 2005; 40:641-60. [PMID: 16196415 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FA amide glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or for industry. More than 200 unusual and interesting natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|