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Wu Z, Ma Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu X, Cao H, Jin T, Li L, Huang M, Yang F, Dong W. Arginine Biosynthesis Mediates Wulingzhi Extract Resistance to Busulfan-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6320. [PMID: 38928028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Busulfan, an indispensable medicine in cancer treatment, can cause serious reproductive system damage to males as a side effect of its otherwise excellent therapeutic results. Its widespread use has also caused its accumulation in the environment and subsequent ecotoxicology effects. As a Chinese medicine, Wulingzhi (WLZ) has the effects of promoting blood circulation and improving female reproductive function. However, the potential effects of WLZ in male reproduction and in counteracting busulfan-induced testis damage, as well as its probable mechanisms, are still ambiguous. In this study, busulfan was introduced in a mouse model to evaluate its production of the testicular damage. The components of different WLZ extracts were compared using an untargeted metabolome to select extracts with greater efficacy, which were further confirmed in vivo. Here, we demonstrate abnormal spermatogenesis and low sperm quality in busulfan-injured testes. The WLZ extracts showed a strong potential to rehabilitate the male reproductive system; this effect was more prominent in room-temperature extracts. Additionally, both water and ethanol WLZ extracts at room temperature alleviated various busulfan-induced adverse effects. In particular, WLZ recovered spermatogenesis, re-activated arginine biosynthesis, and alleviated the increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the testis, ultimately reversing the busulfan-induced testicular injury. Collectively, these results suggest a promising approach to protecting the male reproductive system from busulfan-induced adverse side effects, as well as those of other similar anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xianglin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tianqi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengqi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Wang A, Li Z, Wang J, Liu H, Fu X, Chen Y, Guo H. Quantification and holistic quality evaluation of Wulingzhi extract by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS coupled with chemometric approaches. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5726. [PMID: 37651744 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes ("Wulingzhi" in Chinese, WLZ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat amenorrhea, menstruation and postpartum abdominal pain. However, a systematic quality study on WLZ chemical markers has yet to be conducted. This study aimed to establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadruple extraction Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 20 compounds in 53 batches of WLZ; the method rapidly and sensitively determined the 20 plant- or animal-derived compounds. Firstly, the proposed approach was validated to satisfy the method's linearity, detection limits, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. Subsequently, multivariate analysis was used to identify correlations between the samples and feed, processing and regions. Finally, this method was used to further identify chemical markers for quality control in combination with chemometrics. This is the first report on pinusolide, betaine, hippuric acid, 4-oxorentinoic acid, 15-methoxypinusolidic acid and 4-oxoisotrentinoin in WLZ; the quality of WLZ became homogeneous after processing with vinegar (V-WLZ). Moreover, we screened for potential component markers, including uridine, allantoin, amentoflavone, hippuric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pinusolide, quercetin and kaempferol. These results were practical and efficient for the chemical clarification of WLZ and V-WLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhu Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Pharmacological Mechanism of Pingxiao Formula against Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7884740. [PMID: 36582768 PMCID: PMC9794442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7884740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer worldwide and develops due to a broad range of causative factors. Pingxiao (PX) formula and Xihuang (XH) formula are two commonly used drugs to treat CRC, especially as an alternative therapy for those patients who could not suffer surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, namely, elder or advanced CRC patients. However, the pertinent pharmacological mechanisms are still elusive. The investigation was designed to explain the pharmacological mechanisms of the PX formula. A murine model of CRC was established by injecting CT26.WT cells into the caecum of 4-week-old male Balb/c mice, following PX or XH treatment for 30 days. Network pharmacology analysis combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) predicted the pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic value. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing determined the alterations in the gut microbiota communities. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry examined the influence of PX on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Injection of CT26.WT-induced CRC in Balb/c mice was markedly attenuated by PX treatment. Compared with XH administration, PX exhibited a stronger antitumor effect, such as smaller tumor volume, lower interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) serum levels, and higher interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that both PX and XH targets were enriched in cancers and inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing confirmed that PX treatment induced cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory reactions within the tumor. Moreover, the PX formula considerably restored homeostasis of the gut microbiota, which was not observed in the XH group. PX targets, those associated with the survival probability of CRC patients, correlated with macrophage (Mφ) infiltration, which presented an independent risk factor for the CRC outcome. PX treatment promoted the transition of alternatively activated Mφs (M2 Mφs) to classically activated Mφs (M1 Mφs). Moreover, the peritoneal Mφs from the PX group inhibited the migration of CW26.WT cells, as evidenced by the wound healing experiment and transwell assay, which was consistent with the decreased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, the coculturing system confirmed that PX-treated Mφs suppressed colorectal tumor-derived organoid proliferation. PX formula exhibits a potential antitumor effect against CRC by suppressing the colonization of pathological microorganisms, reshaping Mφ effector functions and hence inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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Liu H, Fan M, Fu X, Chen Y, Ye M, Guo H. Simultaneous Determination of Prostaglandin and Hormones in Excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 58:542-548. [PMID: 32405648 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes (also called Wulingzhi in Chinese, WLZ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of irregular menstruation in clinic. Few reports are available on the chemical profiling of WLZ. In this work, qualitative and quantitative analyses of endogenous prostaglandin and hormones in WLZ were performed using UHPLC-orbitrap-MSn. In total, 48 compounds were identified in urine of T. xanthipes. Furthermore, the contents of four target compounds were simultaneously quantitated in 20 batches of samples by UPLC-MS/MS. The quantitative method showed a good linear correlation (R > 0.995) in a wide range for each compound. The method had a high sensitivity with LOD (0.5-1.0 ng/mL) and LOQ (1.0-2.5 ng/mL). The intra- and inter-day precisions were < 9.17 (RSD %), and repeatability and stability were < 6.14 (RSD %). The recovery of the analytes varied between 85.8% and 97.3% at three different concentrations. The present integrated qualitative and quantitative assessment of WLZ provides an evaluation strategy to assess the constituent in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Kexueyuan Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miaoxuan Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Kexueyuan Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xintong Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Kexueyuan Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Kexueyuan Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongzhu Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Kexueyuan Road, Beijing 102206, China
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Du H, Kuang TT, Qiu S, Xu T, Gang Huan CL, Fan G, Zhang Y. Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations. Chin Med 2019; 14:31. [PMID: 31528199 PMCID: PMC6743172 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, the medical use of fecal matter (fresh fecal suspension or dry feces) can be dated back to the fourth century, approximately 1700 years ago. In long-term clinical practice, Chinese doctors have accumulated unique and invaluable medical experience in the use of fecal materials. In view of their good curative effect and medicinal potential, fecal medicines should be paid much attention. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive data compilation of fecal medicines used in various Chinese traditional medical systems by bibliographic investigation of 31 medicine monographs and standards. A total of 54 fecal medicines were found to be used in 14 traditional Chinese medical systems. Their names, original species, medicinal forms, and traditional uses were described in detail. These fecal medicines were commonly used to treat gastrointestinal, nervous system, skin, and gynecological diseases. Commonly used fecal medicines include Wu-Ling-Zhi, Jiu-Fen and Hei-Bing-Pian. The information summarized in this study can provide a good reference for the development and utilization of fecal medicines. Further studies are necessary to prove their medicinal value, identify their active ingredients, and elucidate their mechanisms of action so that more people can accept these special medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Du
- 1School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Ting-Ting Kuang
- 2School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- 3School of Foreign Language, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Tong Xu
- 2School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chen-Lei Gang Huan
- 2School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Gang Fan
- 2School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- 2School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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Ohh MH, Kim SJ, Han JK, Pak SC, Chee KM. Effects of herbal medicine on human uterine tumor-bearing nude mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:422-426. [PMID: 27757274 PMCID: PMC5061487 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160923100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine neoplasms associated with significant morbidity. Herbal formulas capable of restoring yin-yang balance by dispersing blood stasis may be useful for managing fibroid symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antitumor properties of three herbs viz., Trogopterus xanthipes Milen-Edwards, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, and Ulmus davidiana Planch were evaluated in nude mice injected intravenously with human malignant myomas. Tumor fragments were xenografted subcutaneously through a flank incision in female mice. The mice entered the study for 8 weeks when their tumors reached the threshold volume (260 mm3). The mice were randomly allocated to receive subcutaneous injections of normal saline (Group 1; negative control), P. lactiflora Pallas (Group 2), U. davidiana Planch (Group 3), T. xanthipes Milen-Edwards (Group 4), and intravenous injections of paclitaxel (Group 5; positive control). The weight and tumor volume were measured, followed by histopathology. Results: A few cases of abdominal distention and death were observed in the negative control group. Furthermore, a considerable enlargement of the liver and spleen was observed in the negative control group at autopsy with a gradual increase in body weight during the experiment. The mean tumor volume which increased in negative control mice reduced in mice treated with herbal remedies or paclitaxel from day 14 onwards (P < 0.05). The degree of necrosis and apoptosis induction from herbal treatments was similar to that of paclitaxel. Conclusion: Collectively, three herbs viz., T. xanthipes Milen-Edwards, P. lactiflora Pallas, and U. davidiana Planch were able to induce necrosis and apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma cells, proving antitumor properties against uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyang Ohh
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Department of Research and Development Center, Milae Resources ML. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Han
- Department of Research and Development Center, Milae Resources ML. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Kew-Mahn Chee
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhou G, Yao X, Tang Y, Yang N, Pang H, Mo X, Zhu S, Su S, Qian D, Jin C, Qin Y, Duan JA. Two new nonacosanetriols from Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:731-6. [PMID: 22981471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two new fatty alcohols named as (7S,8R,11S)-nonacosanetriol (1) and (10R,12R,15S)-nonacosanetriol (2), along with eight known compounds including ginkgolic acid (3), hydroginkgolic acid (4), sciadopitysin (5), ginkgetin (6), isoginkgetin (7), ginkgolide A (8), ginkgolide B (9) and ginkgolide C (10) have been isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta. Their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 was elucidated on the spectroscopic analysis of the R- and S-MTPA esters. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited slight activity of antithrombin and moderate activity of antiplatelet aggregation in vitro. This was the first report regarding the anticoagulative activities of biflavonoids in G. biloba, and isoginkgetin (7) showed significant antithrombin and antiplatelet aggregation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Yang NY, Liu L, Tao WW, Duan JA, Liu XH, Huang SP. Antithrombotic lipids from Semen Persicae. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1650-6. [PMID: 21899477 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.568942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of Semen Persicae has led to the isolation of decane (1), triolein (2), nonacosanoic acid (3), oleic acid ethyl ester (4), palmitic acid (5), oleic acid (6) and 15,16-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (7). Amongst these, compound 7 is a new lipid. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and extensive spectral analysis. Their anticoagulative activities were also evaluated in vitro, which showed that petroleum ether extract and compounds 5-6 could significantly prolong thrombin time while methanol extract could obviously inhibit platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Yun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Yang NY, Tao WW, Duan JA. Antithrombotic flavonoids from the faeces ofTrogopterus xanthipes. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:1843-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.482057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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